浙江农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 65 ›› Issue (2): 354-361.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20221106

• 果树与蔬菜 • 上一篇    下一篇

兰溪枇杷园土壤养分评价分析与改良建议

张启1(), 胡佳卉1, 杨佳佳2, 周庆权3, 郎跃平4, 李晓颖5,*()   

  1. 1.兰溪市经济特产技术推广中心,浙江 兰溪 321102
    2.兰溪市耕地质量与肥料推广中心,浙江 兰溪 321102
    3.兰溪市果香家庭农场,浙江 兰溪 321112
    4.兰溪市跃平家庭农场,浙江 兰溪 321112
    5.浙江省农业科学院 园艺研究所,浙江 杭州 310021
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-03 出版日期:2024-02-11 发布日期:2024-02-28
  • 通讯作者: 李晓颖(1987—),女,天津人,副研究员,博士,主要从事果树遗传育种与分子生物学研究,E-mail:muzixiaohaitun@126.com
  • 作者简介:李晓颖(1987—),女,天津人,副研究员,博士,主要从事果树遗传育种与分子生物学研究,E-mail:muzixiaohaitun@126.com
    张启(1976—),男,浙江金华人,高级农艺师,本科,主要从事果树栽培生理研究,E-mail:476815847@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省农业重大科技专项-枇杷新品种选育(2021C02066-3);浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划项目(2022SNJF028);浙江省农业重大技术协同推广计划(2022XTTGGP02-02)

Evaluation analysis and improvement suggestions on soil nutrients in Lanxi loquat orchard

Qi ZHANG1(), Jiahui HU1, Jiajia YANG2, Qingquan ZHOU3, Yueping LANG4, Xiaoying LI5,*()   

  1. 1. Lanxi Economic and Specialty Technology Promotion Center, Lanxi 321102, Zhejiang
    2. Lanxi Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Promotion Center, Lanxi 321102, Zhejiang
    3. Lanxi Guoxiang Family Farm, Lanxi 321112, Zhejiang
    4. Yueping Family Farm, Lanxi 321112, Zhejiang
    5. Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang
  • Received:2022-11-03 Online:2024-02-11 Published:2024-02-28
  • Contact: Xiaoying LI

摘要:

土壤养分是土壤肥力的主要评判指标,对枇杷生长发育以及果实的品质具有重要的影响。为准确了解兰溪市主要枇杷园的种植土壤养分状况,本研究以兰溪市不同地理分布的枇杷园29份土壤样本和相应园区内的叶片样本为试材,测定包括pH值、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效硼、交换性钙、交换性镁含量等指标。结果表明,兰溪枇杷园分析发现仅有 37.92%的枇杷果园有机质含量处于适量到丰富水平;79.31%枇杷园内的土壤偏酸;各园区土壤水解氮、有效磷含量处于丰富水平,仅有一个园区内的速效钾含量为缺乏水平;58.62%的土壤交换性钙含量处于中等适宜值及以上,但有79.32%土壤样本中的交换性镁含量处于缺乏至极度缺乏水平;土壤微量元素硼和锌含量基本处于中等至丰富水平。根据叶片矿质元素检测结果发现,所有22个园区样本的氮、磷、钾、镁元素均未达到标准值,且72.73%样本的钙元素缺乏,81.82%样本硼元素缺乏。综合土壤和叶片养分分析标准对兰溪市枇杷园进行营养诊断表明,目前兰溪市枇杷园整体土壤肥力偏低,各园区土壤养分分布不平衡、变异大,且土壤偏酸,导致土壤中的养分未被枇杷树体吸收,是造成兰溪枇杷树体抗性差、产量和果实品质等下降的主要因素。因此,在生产上,兰溪市各枇杷园应根据土壤与叶片的营养诊断进行配方施肥,通过增施有机肥、适施生石灰改良土壤酸度,减少复合肥施入、增施中量元素肥料等方式改良并提升园区土壤肥力,增强树体抗性,实现兰溪枇杷增产提质。

关键词: 枇杷园, 土壤养分, 分布特征, 肥力评价, 营养诊断

Abstract:

Soil nutrients are the main evaluation indicators of soil fertility, which have an important impact on the growth and development of loquats and the quality of their fruits. In order to accurately understand the nutrient status of the planting soil in the main loquat orchards in Lanxi City, this study used 29 soil samples from loquat orchards with different geographical distributions in Lanxi City and corresponding leaf samples from the orchards as test materials to determine indicators such as pH value, organic matter, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, available boron, exchangeable calcium, and exchangeable magnesium contents. The results showed that only 37.92% of loquat orchards in Lanxi were found to have moderate to abundant organic matter levels; 79.31% of the soil in the loquat orchards was slightly acidic. Hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus in the soil of each orchard were at a rich level, and only one orchard showed a lack of available potassium content; 58.62% of soil exchangeable calcium was at a moderate suitable value or above, but 79.32% of soil samples had exchangeable magnesium at an extremely deficient level; The content of trace elements boron and zinc in the soil was basically at a moderate to rich level. According to the results of leaf mineral element detection, it was found that the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium elements in all 22 orchard samples did not meet the standard values, and 72.73% of the samples lacked calcium and 81.82% lacked boron. The comprehensive soil and leaf nutrient analysis standards were used to diagnose the nutritional status of loquat orchards in Lanxi City. The results showed that the overall soil fertility of the loquat orchards in Lanxi City was low, and the distribution of soil nutrients in each park was uneven and varied greatly. Moreover, the soil pH value is slightly acidic, leading to the unabsorption of nutrients in the soil by the loquat tree, which was the main factor causing poor resistance, yield, and fruit quality decline of the loquat tree in Lanxi City. Therefore, in terms of production, each loquat orchard in Lanxi City should apply formula fertilization based on the nutritional diagnosis of soil and leaves. By increasing the application of organic fertilizer and suitable application of quicklime to improve soil acidity, reducing the application of compound fertilizer, increasing the application of medium amount elemental fertilizer, and other methods could improve and enhance the soil fertility of the orchard, enhance tree resistance, and achieve increased yield and quality of Lanxi loquat.

Key words: loquat orchard, soil nutrients, distribution characteristics, fertility evaluation, nutrition diagnosis

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