浙江农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 66 ›› Issue (1): 30-34.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20231024

• 粮食作物 • 上一篇    下一篇

抽穗开花期高温对杂交稻结实率和产量影响研究

方文英1(), 陈佳麒1, 楚岱蔚2, 丁梦佳1, 姚平3, 金益民4, 罗天子5, 沈兴连6, 莫红华6, 黄玉英6, 郑孝孝7, 朱德峰8,*()   

  1. 1.杭州市余杭区农业技术推广中心, 浙江 杭州 311114
    2.杭州市余杭区气象局, 浙江 杭州 311121
    3.杭州市余杭区瓶窑镇区域发展办公室, 浙江 杭州 311115
    4.杭州市余杭区良渚街道区域发展办公室,浙江 杭州 311113
    5.杭州余杭瓶窑镇罗欢家庭农场,浙江 杭州 311115
    6.杭州余杭益民农业生产服务专业合作社,浙江 杭州 311107
    7.杭州宇帆农业发展专业合作社, 浙江 杭州 311121
    8.中国水稻研究所,浙江 杭州 311400
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-25 出版日期:2025-01-11 发布日期:2025-01-14
  • 通讯作者: 朱德峰(1956—),男,浙江宁波人,研究员,主要从事水稻高产生理与机械化栽培研究,E-mail:cnrice@qq.com
  • 作者简介:方文英(1969—),女,浙江杭州人,推广研究员,硕士,主要从事水稻高产栽培技术推广工作,E-mail:719105674@qq.com

Effects of high temperature during the period of heading and flowering on setting rate and yield of hybrid rice

FANG Wenying1(), CHEN Jiaqi1, CHU Daiwei2, DING Mengjia1, YAO Ping3, JIN Yimin4, LUO Tianzi5, SHEN Xinglian6, MO Honghua6, HUANG Yuying6, ZHENG Xiaoxiao7, ZHU Defeng8,*()   

  1. 1. Yuhang District Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Hangzhou City, Hangzhou 311114, Zhejiang
    2. Yuhang District Meteorological Bureau of Hangzhou City, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang
    3. Regional Development Office of Pingyao Town, Yuhang District, Hangzhou City, Hangzhou 311115, Zhejiang
    4. Regional Development Office of Liangzhu Street, Yuhang District, Hangzhou City, Hangzhou 311113, Zhejiang
    5. Luohuan Family Farm in Pingyao Town, Yuhang District, Hangzhou City, Hangzhou 311115, Zhejiang
    6. Yuhang Yimin Agricultural Production Service Professional Cooperative of Hangzhou City, Hangzhou 311107, Zhejiang
    7. Hangzhou Yufan Agricultural Development Professional Cooperative, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang
    8. China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang
  • Received:2023-10-25 Online:2025-01-11 Published:2025-01-14

摘要:

针对2022年余杭区出现异常高温,分析该区4个镇街气象站的温度资料,研究高温对单季杂交稻甬优1540、甬优12、春优590、春优161、江两优7901等品种结实率及产量影响。结果表明:2022年日最高温度高于35 ℃的高温日数为65 d,较常年同期偏多34 d;40 ℃以上的高温日数达32 d。在单季杂交稻集中抽穗开花期间的8月10日至8月23日,除1 d为36.7 ℃外,其余均高于38.0 ℃。杂交稻因抽穗开花期不同,遇到高温的结实率较常温下降13.9~43.3百分点。抽穗开花期遇到高温,结实率波动较大,且随总粒数变大结实率下降幅度增大。单季杂交稻抽穗开花期遇到38.0~41.0 ℃的异常高温,较常温结实率下降,导致产量下降28.8%~53.8%。单季杂交稻抽穗开花期遇到异常高温造成产量下降的主要原因为结实率下降。

关键词: 杂交稻, 高温, 抽穗开花, 结实率, 产量

Abstract:

In response to the abnormal high temperature in Yuhang District in 2022, temperature data from four town and street meteorological stations in the district were analyzed to study the effect of high temperature on the setting rate and yield of single season hybrid rice varieties such as Yongyou 1540, Yongyou 12, Chunyou 590, Chunyou 161, and Jiangliangyou 7901. The results showed as following: in 2022, the number of high temperature days with daily maximum temperature higher than 35 ℃ was 65 d, 34 d more than the same period of the last years and the number of high temperature days above 40 ℃ was 32 d. From August 10 to August 23, the period of concentrated heading and flowering of single-season hybrid rice, the temperature in other days were all higher than 38.0 ℃ except for 36.7 ℃ on one day. Due to different the period of heading and flowering, the setting rate of hybrid rice decreased by 13.9-43.3 percentage points when exposed to high temperatures compared with normal temperatures.When the high temperature occurred in the period of heading and flowering, the setting rate varied greatly, and the decreasing range of setting rate increased with the increase of total munber of grains. The abnormal high temperature of 38.0-41.0 ℃ occurred in the period of heading and flowering of single-season hybrid rice, and the setting rate decreased, resulting in a decrease of 28.8%-53.8% in yield. The decrease of yield of single-season hybrid rice due to abnormal high temperature during the period of heading and flowering resulted mainly from the decrease of setting rate.

Key words: hybrid rice, high temperature, heading and flowering, setting rate, yield

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