杭州市富阳区茶园土壤养分及肥力质量评价

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20231049

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

茶产业是富阳农业的主导产业之一,对富阳区茶园土壤养分、肥力质量及土地流转价值进行分析及评价,可为指导富阳区茶园施肥及茶园土地流转提供更为科学的数据支撑。文章对富阳区22个乡镇街道现有的茶园进行调查采样,共计采集土壤样本205个,分析土壤pH值、有机质、全氮等土壤养分9项与影响茶叶产量及品质的土壤指标,采用模糊数学隶属度函数模型,计算土壤肥力综合指数(IFI),对富阳区土壤养分、肥力质量及土地流转价值做出综合分析。结果表明,富阳区的茶园土壤pH值在3.06~5.99,茶园土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效态锌及有效态铜6项土壤养分指标,均值养分分级均在Ⅰ级及以上,土壤有效硫及交换性镁两项指标均值在Ⅱ级范围内。茶园土壤肥力综合指数在0.208~0.880,达到Ⅰ级标准的茶园占比19.02%,Ⅱ级标准的达18.54%,Ⅲ~Ⅳ级标准的为62.44%。富阳区各乡镇茶园土地价值等级,Ⅰ等占比40.49%,Ⅱ~Ⅲ等占比31.22%,Ⅳ等占比28.29%。研究结果表明,富阳区大部分茶园适宜茶树生长,局部茶园土壤存在酸化严重的情况,土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效锌及有效铜含量丰富,土壤有效硫及交换性镁相对缺乏,需要对现有施肥方案作出针对性调整。

关键词: 茶园土壤, 养分分析, 肥力评价, 土地流转

Abstract:

Tea industry is one of the leading industries of agricultural in Fuyang District, and the analysis and evaluation of soil nutrients, fertility quality and land transfer value of tea plantations can provide more scientific data support for guiding fertilization and land transfer of tea plantations in Fuyang District. In this study, 205 soil samples were collected from 22 towns and districts in Fuyang District to analyze 9 soil nutrients including pH value, organic matter, total nitrogen and other soil indicators that affect tea yield and quality. The fuzzy mathematical membership function model was used to calculate the comprehensive index of soil fertility (IFI), and a comprehensive analysis was made on soil nutrients, fertility quality and land transfer value in Fuyang District. The results showed that the pH value of tea plantation soil in Fuyang District was 3.06-5.99. The average nutrient classification of six soil nutrients including soil organic matter(SOM), total nitrogen(TN), available phosphorus(AP), available potassium(AK), available zinc(AZn) and available copper(ACu) was above level Ⅰ, and the average nutrient classification of two indicators including available sulfur(AS) and exchangeable magnesium(EMg) was within level Ⅱ. The comprehensive index of soil fertility was 0.208-0.880, with 19.02% of tea plantations reaching level Ⅰ standard, 18.54% reaching level Ⅱ standard, and 62.44% reaching level Ⅲ-Ⅳ standard. The land value grade of tea gardens in each town in Fuyang District was as follows: level Ⅰ accounted for 40.49%, level Ⅱ-Ⅲ accounted for 31.22%, and level Ⅳ accounted for 28.29%. The results showed that most tea plantations in Fuyang District were suitable for tea tree growth, but some tea gardens had serious soil acidification problems. The SOM, TN, AP, AK, AZn and ACu contents were rich, while the AS and EMg contents were relatively insufficient, which requires targeted adjustment to the existing fertilization plan.

Key words: tea plantation soil, nutrient analysis, fertility evaluation, land transfer

中图分类号:

邵赛男, 杨青, 张海娟, 董代幸, 孟庆玖, 闻军清, 江花琴, 钱毅, 蒋玉根. 杭州市富阳区茶园土壤养分及肥力质量评价[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(2): 321-328.

SHAO Sainan, YANG Qing, ZHANG Haijuan, DONG Daixing, MENG Qingjiu, WEN Junqing, JIANG Huaqin, QIAN Yi, JIANG Yugen. Evaluation of soil nutrients and fertility quality in tea plantations in Fuyang District, Hangzhou City[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(2): 321-328.

图/表 12

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指标	pH值	SOM/ (g·kg^-1)	TN/ %	AP/ (mg·kg^-1)	AK/ (mg·kg^-1)	AZn/ (mg·kg^-1)	ACu/ (mg·kg^-1)	AS/ (mg·kg^-1)	EMg/ (mg·kg^-1)
Ⅰ	4.5~5.5	>20.0	>0.10	>20	>100	>2.0	>1.0	>50	>50
Ⅱ	4.5~4.0或5.5~6.5	15.0~20.0	0.08~0.10	5~20	60~100	0.5~2.0	0.1~1.0	5~50	20~50
Ⅲ	<4.0或>6.5	<15.0	<0.08	<5	<60	<0.5	<0.1	<5	<20

指标	pH值	SOM/ (g·kg^-1)	TN/ %	AP/ (mg·kg^-1)	AK/ (mg·kg^-1)	AZn/ (mg·kg^-1)	ACu/ (mg·kg^-1)	AS/ (mg·kg^-1)	EMg/ (mg·kg^-1)
Ⅰ	4.5~5.5	>20.0	>0.10	>20	>100	>2.0	>1.0	>50	>50
Ⅱ	4.5~4.0或5.5~6.5	15.0~20.0	0.08~0.10	5~20	60~100	0.5~2.0	0.1~1.0	5~50	20~50
Ⅲ	<4.0或>6.5	<15.0	<0.08	<5	<60	<0.5	<0.1	<5	<20

分级	pH值	SOM/ (g·kg^-1)	TN/ %	AP/ (mg·kg^-1)	AK/ (mg·kg^-1)	AZn/ (mg·kg^-1)	ACu/ (mg·kg^-1)	AS/ (mg·kg^-1)	EMg/ (mg·kg^-1)
x_a	4.0	20	0.08	3	50	0.5	0.2	10	20
x₀	4.5
x₁	5.5
x_b	6.0	60	0.15	40	200	2.5	2.0	60	60

分级	pH值	SOM/ (g·kg^-1)	TN/ %	AP/ (mg·kg^-1)	AK/ (mg·kg^-1)	AZn/ (mg·kg^-1)	ACu/ (mg·kg^-1)	AS/ (mg·kg^-1)	EMg/ (mg·kg^-1)
x_a	4.0	20	0.08	3	50	0.5	0.2	10	20
x₀	4.5
x₁	5.5
x_b	6.0	60	0.15	40	200	2.5	2.0	60	60

指标	IFI≥0.7	06≤IFI<0.7	05≤IFI<0.6	IFI<0.5
肥力等级	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ
肥力水平	高	较高	中	低