浙江农业科学

浙江农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 66 ›› Issue (1): 115-119.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20231071

• 果树与蔬菜 • 上一篇    下一篇

大棚设施对杨梅开花及果实品质的影响

蓝海燕1(), 裘忠灿2, 丁飞3, 戚行江4, 裘栋梁2, 郑锡良4, 梁森苗4, 张淑文4,*()   

  1. 1.杭州市萧山区农(林)业技术推广中心, 浙江 杭州 311203
    2.杭州鼎金果品专业合作社, 浙江 杭州 311253
    3.杭州市萧山区进化镇农业农村办, 浙江 杭州 311253
    4.农产品质量安全危害因子与风险防控国家重点实验室浙江省农业科学院园艺研究所, 浙江 杭州 310021
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-06 出版日期:2025-01-11 发布日期:2025-01-14
  • 通讯作者: 张淑文(1987—),女,山东滨州人,副研究员,博士,研究方向为杨梅遗传育种及栽培技术研究,E-mail:hizhangshuwen@163.com。
  • 作者简介:蓝海燕(1973—),女,浙江杭州人,高级农艺师,本科,研究方向为水果(经济林)生产、示范、技术推广和研究,E-mail:416349412@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省‘领雁’研发攻关计划(2022C02055);浙江省‘领雁’研发攻关计划(2023C02031)

Effect of greenhouse facilities on the flowering and fruit quality of Myrica rubra

LAN Haiyan1(), QIU Zhongcan2, DING Fei3, QI Xingjiang4, QIU Dongliang2, ZHENG Xiliang4, LIANG Senmiao4, ZHANG Shuwen4,*()   

  1. 1. Xiaoshan District Agricultural (Forestry) Technology Promotion Center, Hangzhou City, Hangzhou 311203, Zhejiang
    2. Hangzhou Dingjin Fruit Professional Cooperative, Hangzhou 311253, Zhejiang
    3. Agricultural and Rural Office of Jinhua Town, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou City, Hangzhou 311253, Zhejiang
    4. State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang
  • Received:2023-11-06 Online:2025-01-11 Published:2025-01-14

RichHTML

0

PDF (PC)

268

摘要：

以迟色杨梅品种为试材,分析了设施大棚与露地栽培的温湿度变化规律,以及杨梅开花、果实发育、品质形成的差异,发现试验期大棚内日平均温度为21.3 ℃,积温为3 869.4 ℃,分别比露地高10.1、1 826.5 ℃;平均湿度略低于露地栽培。同时,大棚内雌雄花期分别提前29、11 d,花期一致。设施栽培雄花生长量增大,花粉采集率提高至81.2%。与露地栽培相比,大棚杨梅成熟期提早17 d,平均单果重、可溶性固形物含量、总糖含量分别提高21.5%、1.3百分点、33.7%,总酸含量降低13.6%,落果率降低15.6百分点。大棚杨梅单株产量提高30.0%~49.1%,商品果率提高19.8~27.3百分点,优质果率提高11.9~12.7百分点,商品果、优质果销售价格翻倍提高,综合效益显著增加。

关键词: 设施大棚, 杨梅, 人工授粉, 物候期, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

The temperature and humidity changes, as well as the differences in flowering, fruit development, and quality formation of Myrica rubra, between greenhouse and open field cultivation, were analyzed using the Chise variety as the test material. It was found that the daily average temperature in the greenhouse during the experimental period was 21.3 ℃, and the accumulated temperature was 3 869.4 ℃, which was 10.1 and 1 826.5 ℃ higher than that in the open field, respectively. The average humidity was slightly lower than that of open field cultivation. At the same time, the flowering period of females and males Myrica rubra in the greenhouse was advanced by 29 and 11 days respectively, and the flowering period was the same. The growth of male Myrica rubra flowers in facility cultivation increased, and the pollen collection rate increased to 81.2%. Compared with open field cultivation, greenhouse Myrica rubra ripened 17 days earlier, with an increase of 21.5% in average single fruit weight, 1.3 percentage points in soluble solids content, and 33.7% in total sugar content, respectively. The total acid content decreases by 13.6%, and the fruit drop rate decreases by 15.6 percentage points. The yield of individual Myrica rubra in greenhouses increased by 30.0% to 49.1%, the commercial fruit rate increased by 19.8 to 27.3 percentage points, the high-quality fruit rate increased by 11.9 to 12.7 percentage points, the sale price of commercial fruit and high-quality fruit doubled, and the comprehensive benefits significantly improved.

Key words: greenhouse facilities, Myrica rubra, artificial pollination, phenological period, yield, quality

中图分类号: