不同钾肥种类及施用时期对长沙烟区上部烟叶品质的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20231170

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨不同钾肥种类及施用时期对长沙烟区上部烟叶产质量的影响,提高上部叶工业可用性。以当地主栽品种云烟87为试验材料,通过大田试验,采用随机区组排列,共设置5个处理,3次重复。结果表明:不同钾肥种类及施用时期对烟株农艺性状具有一定影响,T1处理在株高、叶片数、叶面积方面较其他处理表现优秀。不同钾肥种类及施用时期对烤烟外观质量具有促进作用,均能提高烟叶外观质量,其中T1处理外观评价总分与T4无显著差异。不同钾肥种类及施用时期可改善烤后烟化学成分及协调性,在一定程度上能够提钾降碱,其中T1处理总糖、还原糖含量最高,其协调性优于其他处理。不同钾肥种类及施用时期对烤后烟感官质量影响较大,T1处理感官评价总分最高,其中香气质、香气量、柔细度、余味高于对照组CK。不同钾肥种类及施用时期对烤烟经济性状均有提高,T1处理提高烤烟经济性状较显著,能最大程度提高烟农收益。综合而言:不同钾肥种类及施用时期可以对烟株大田生长,以及上部叶烤后产质量有影响,增施黄腐酸钾对烟叶各方面的提升要优于液体钾肥,其中以T1处理还苗期增施黄腐酸钾效果最好。

关键词: 钾肥, 施用时期, 上部烟叶, 产量, 质量

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of different types of potassium fertilizer and application period on the yield and quality of upper leaves of tobacco in Changsha tobacco area and improve the industrial availability of upper leaves. In this study, Yunyan 87, the main local cultivate, was used as the experimental material. Through field test, 5 treatments were set up in random block arrangement, and 3 replicates were performed. The results showed that different types and application periods of potassium fertilizer had certain effects on the agronomic traits of tobacco plants. T1 treatment was superior to other treatments in terms of plant height, leaf number and leaf area. Different types and application periods of potassium fertilizer could promote the appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco, and there was no significant difference between T1 and T4 treatment. Different types and application periods of potassium fertilizer could improve the chemical composition and coordination of tobacco after roasting, and could improve potassium and reduce alkali to a certain extent, among which T1 treatment had the highest content of total sugar and reducing sugar, and its coordination was better than other treatments. Different types and application periods of potassium fertilizer had great influence on the sensory quality of tobacco after roasting. The total score of sensory evaluation of T1 treatment was the highest, and the aroma quality, aroma quantity, fineness and aftertaste were higher than those of the control group. The economic properties of flue-cured tobacco were improved by different types of potassium fertilizer and application period. T1 treatment significantly improved the economic properties of flue-cured tobacco and could increase the income of tobacco farmers to the greatest extent. In summary, different types and application periods of potassium fertilizer could affect the field growth of tobacco plants and the tobacco production quality after the upper leaves were roasted. The improvement of tobacco leaves by applying potassium fulvic acid in various aspects was better than that of liquid potassium fertilizer, and the effect of applying potassium fulvic acid in seedling stage (T1 treatment) was the best.

Key words: potassium fertilizer, application period, upper tobacco leaf, yield, quality

中图分类号:

S572

张文军, 张庆富, 杨柳, 宋嘉俊, 何激光, 杨再军, 熊橙梁. 不同钾肥种类及施用时期对长沙烟区上部烟叶品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(3): 549-554.

ZHANG Wenjun, ZHANG Qingfu, YANG Liu, SONG Jiajun, HE Jiguang, YANG Zaijun, XIONG Chengliang. Effects of different types of potassium fertilizer and application period on upper leaf quality of tobacco in Changsha[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(3): 549-554.

图/表 7

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指标	权重	指标	权重	指标	权重
颜色	0.10	身份	0.20	叶片组织	0.05
成熟度	0.15	油分	0.10	柔韧性	0.05
叶片结构	0.20	色度	0.10	光泽度	0.05

指标	权重	指标	权重	指标	权重
颜色	0.10	身份	0.20	叶片组织	0.05
成熟度	0.15	油分	0.10	柔韧性	0.05
叶片结构	0.20	色度	0.10	光泽度	0.05

处理	株高/cm	茎围/cm	节距/cm	最大叶面积/cm²	倒三叶面积/cm²	顶叶面积/cm²
CK	105.90 b	9.90 a	5.30 a	1 425.42 b	1 087.30 a	821.32 b
T1	115.60 a	9.60 a	5.00 a	1 586.53 a	1 061.48 a	856.88 a
T2	113.10 a	10.10 a	5.30 a	1 438.04 b	916.54 c	826.12 b
T3	113.00 a	8.90 b	5.40 a	1 531.84 a	903.69 c	781.20 c
T4	111.10 a	10.00 a	5.20 a	1 378.44 c	949.77 b	758.86 d

处理	株高/cm	茎围/cm	节距/cm	最大叶面积/cm²	倒三叶面积/cm²	顶叶面积/cm²
CK	105.90 b	9.90 a	5.30 a	1 425.42 b	1 087.30 a	821.32 b
T1	115.60 a	9.60 a	5.00 a	1 586.53 a	1 061.48 a	856.88 a
T2	113.10 a	10.10 a	5.30 a	1 438.04 b	916.54 c	826.12 b
T3	113.00 a	8.90 b	5.40 a	1 531.84 a	903.69 c	781.20 c
T4	111.10 a	10.00 a	5.20 a	1 378.44 c	949.77 b	758.86 d

处理	株高/cm	茎围/cm	节距/cm	叶数/片	最大叶面积/cm²	倒三叶面积/cm²	顶叶面积/cm²
CK	107.00 b	10.60 a	5.60 a	16.70 b	1 536.19 c	1 091.85 b	864.44 b
T1	116.10 a	10.50 a	5.20 a	18.20 a	1 737.77 a	1 180.02 a	927.40 a
T2	114.50 a	10.50 a	5.80 a	17.00 b	1 524.32 c	1 008.32 c	922.69 a
T3	114.80 a	9.70 b	5.60 a	17.50 ab	1 657.05 b	996.70 c	812.08 c
T4	113.40 a	9.90 b	5.30 a	17.20 ab	1 483.36 d	1 009.51 c	810.13 c