6种除草剂及其组合药剂对直播稻田杂草的防治效果及作物安全性评价

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240451

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究直播稻田安全有效的杂草防除技术,该研究采用田间试验法比较评价了氯氟吡啶酯等6种除草剂及其组合药剂对直播稻田杂草的防除效果及水稻的安全性。结果表明,在直播稻3叶1心期施用3%氯氟吡啶酯乳油(EC,每667 m²施药60 mL)对稗草、水竹叶、鸭舌草、异型莎草、碎米莎草具有较好防治效果,对野荸荠防治效果中等,对千金子防治效果略差,当用量增加到每667 m²施药80 mL时会对水稻产生隐性药害。3%氯氟吡啶酯EC(每667 m²施药40 mL)+30%氰氟草酯可分散油悬浮剂(OD,每667 m²施药40 mL)对除野荸荠外的杂草均有较好的防治效果,将二者混用时,氯氟吡啶酯宜采用推荐的低剂量,否则会产生隐性药害。56% 2甲4氯钠盐可溶性粉剂(SP,每667 m²施药125 g)+480 g·L^-1灭草松水剂(AS,每667 m²施药150 mL)或+200 g·L^-1氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯EC(每667 m²施药45 mL)对鸭舌草的防治效果显著,对水竹叶、异型莎草、碎米莎草也有较好的防治效果,其中,与灭草松混用可有效提高对野荸荠的防治效果。56%2甲4氯钠盐可溶性粉剂(SP,每667 m²施药125 g)对水稻有明显药害,药害在喷施叶面肥后可逐渐缓解,将用量降至每667 m²施药80 g时对水稻安全。30%氰氟草酯OD(每667 m²施药40 mL)对稗草防治效果差;10%双草醚悬浮剂(SC,每667 m²施药20 mL)对千金子防治效果差。总体来说,推荐使用3%氯氟吡啶酯EC(每667 m²施药40 mL)+30%氰氟草酯OD(每667 m²施药40 mL)、56% 2甲4氯钠盐SP(每667 m²施药125 g)+10%双草醚SC(每667 m²施药20 mL)+30%氰氟草酯OD(每667 m²施药40 mL)2种混合施药方式,其不仅对多种一年生杂草防治效果较好,而且对水稻安全。此外,若莎草科杂草发生量较大,推荐混用56%2甲4氯钠盐SP(每667 m²施药80 g)+480 g·L^-1灭草松AS(每667 m²施药150 mL)+30%氰氟草酯OD(每667 m²施药40 mL)。

关键词: 除草剂, 直播稻田, 杂草, 防治效果, 作物安全性

Abstract:

In order to explore the safe and effective weed control technology for direct-seeded rice, this study compared and evaluated the weed control effect of 6 herbicides such as florpyrauxifen and their combinations on direct-seeded rice field based on field trial method. The results showed that florpyrauxifen 3% EC (60 mL per 667 m²) had good control effects on Echinochloa oryzicola V., Murdannia triquetra (Wall.) Bruckn, Monochoria vaginalis P., Cyperus difformis L. and Cyperus iria L., had medium control effect on Heleocharis plantagineiformis Tang et Wang and slightly poor control effect on Leptochloa chinensis N. when used at the three-leaf stage. Florpyrauxifen 3% EC (80 mL per 667 m²) could cause invisible herbicide damage to rice. Florpyrauxifen 3% EC (40 mL per 667 m²)+cyhalofop-butyl 30% OD (40 mL per 667 m²) had good control effects on all experimental weeds except Heleocharis plantagineiformis Tang et Wang, when the two herbicides were mixed, florpyrauxifen 3% EC should be used at the recommended low dose, otherwise it would cause invisible harm to rice. 2-methyl-4-chlorosodium salt 56% SP combined with bentazone 480 g·L^-1 AS (150 mL per 667 m²) or fluroxypyr-meptyl 200 g·L^-1 EC (45 mL per 667 m²) had excellent control effects on Monochoria vaginalis P., and also had good control effect on Murdannia triquetra (Wall.) Bruckn, Cyperus difformis L. and Cyperus iria L., and mixed with bentazone could effectively improve the control effect of Heleocharis plantagineiformis Tang et Wang. 2-methyl-4-chlorosodium salt 56% SP 56% SP (125 g per 667 m²) had obvious drug damage to rice, but can gradually return to normal growth after spraying foliar fertilizer, when it was used at the dosage of 80 g per 667 m², it was safe to rice. Cyhalofop-butyl 30% OD (40 mL per 667 m²) had poor control effect on Echinochloa oryzicola V. and bispyribac-sodium 10% SC (20 mL per 667 m²) had poor control effect on Leptochloa chinensis N. On the whole, we recommended two combination methods, florpyrauxifen 3% EC (40 mL per 667 m²)+cyhalofop-butyl 30% OD (40 mL per 667 m²), 2-methyl-4-chlorosodium salt 56% SP (125 g per 667 m²) bispyribac-sodium 10% SC (20 mL per 667 m²)+cyhalofop-butyl 30% OD (40 mL per 667 m²), which not only have excellent control effect but also were safe to rice. In addition, if the amount of Cyperaceae weed is large, it is recommended to use MCPA-sodium 56% SP (80 g per 667 m²)+bentazone 480 g·L^-1 AS (150 mL per 667 m²) cyhalofop-butyl 30% OD (40 mL per 667 m²).

Key words: herbicide, direct-seeded rice field, weed, control effect, crop safety

中图分类号:

S451

余艳芳, 胡杨, 何世界, 徐洪乐, 雷海霞, 王肖肖, 李慧龙, 朱君德. 6种除草剂及其组合药剂对直播稻田杂草的防治效果及作物安全性评价[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(2): 430-436.

YU Yanfang, HU Yang, HE Shijie, XU Hongle, LEI Haixia, WANG Xiaoxiao, LI Huilong, ZHU Junde. Evaluation of control effects and crop safety of six herbicides and their combinations against weeds in direct-seeded rice fields[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(2): 430-436.

图/表 4

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处理	药剂	每667 m²制剂用量
1	3%氯氟吡啶酯EC	40 mL
2	3%氯氟吡啶酯EC	60 mL
3	3%氯氟吡啶酯EC	80 mL
4	3%氯氟吡啶酯EC+30%氰氟草酯OD	40 mL+40 mL
5	3%氯氟吡啶酯EC+30%氰氟草酯OD	60 mL+40 mL
6	3%氯氟吡啶酯EC+30%氰氟草酯OD	80 mL+40 mL
7	56%2甲4氯钠盐SP+480 g·L^-1灭草松AS+30%氰氟草酯OD	125 g+150 mL+40 mL
8	56%2甲4氯钠盐SP+200 g·L^-1氯氟吡EC+30%氰氟草酯OD	125 g+45 mL+40 mL
9	56%2甲4氯钠盐SP+10%双草醚SC+30%氰氟草酯OD	125 g+20 mL+40 mL
10	56%2甲4氯钠盐SP+200 g·L^-1氯氟吡EC+10%双草醚SC	125 g+45 mL+20 mL
11	56%2甲4氯钠盐SP+480 g·L^-1灭草松AS+30%氰氟草酯OD	80 g+150 mL+40 mL
12	清水对照	0

处理	药剂	每667 m²制剂用量
1	3%氯氟吡啶酯EC	40 mL
2	3%氯氟吡啶酯EC	60 mL
3	3%氯氟吡啶酯EC	80 mL
4	3%氯氟吡啶酯EC+30%氰氟草酯OD	40 mL+40 mL
5	3%氯氟吡啶酯EC+30%氰氟草酯OD	60 mL+40 mL
6	3%氯氟吡啶酯EC+30%氰氟草酯OD	80 mL+40 mL
7	56%2甲4氯钠盐SP+480 g·L^-1灭草松AS+30%氰氟草酯OD	125 g+150 mL+40 mL
8	56%2甲4氯钠盐SP+200 g·L^-1氯氟吡EC+30%氰氟草酯OD	125 g+45 mL+40 mL
9	56%2甲4氯钠盐SP+10%双草醚SC+30%氰氟草酯OD	125 g+20 mL+40 mL
10	56%2甲4氯钠盐SP+200 g·L^-1氯氟吡EC+10%双草醚SC	125 g+45 mL+20 mL
11	56%2甲4氯钠盐SP+480 g·L^-1灭草松AS+30%氰氟草酯OD	80 g+150 mL+40 mL
12	清水对照	0

处理	药后7 d防治效果/%			药后15 d防治效果/%
处理	禾本科草	阔叶杂草	莎草科杂草	禾本科草	阔叶杂草	莎草科杂草
1	72 e	80 c	65 c	80 d	93 b	82 d
2	77 d	88 ab	75 b	85 c	98 a	88 c
3	80 cd	90 a	79 ab	86 c	99 a	92 ab
4	85 b	80 c	68 c	94 b	94 b	84 d
5	90 a	88 ab	75 b	96 ab	98 a	89 c
6	91 a	90 a	80 ab	98 a	99 a	92 ab
7	60 f	86 b	83 a	66 e	98 a	94 a
8	60 f	87 ab	76 b	66 e	98 a	88 c
9	83 bc	85 b	79 ab	94 b	97 ab	92 ab
10	58 f	88 ab	80 ab	55 f	98 a	91 bc
11	60 f	85 b	83 a	66 e	98 a	95 a

处理	药后7 d防治效果/%			药后15 d防治效果/%
处理	禾本科草	阔叶杂草	莎草科杂草	禾本科草	阔叶杂草	莎草科杂草
1	72 e	80 c	65 c	80 d	93 b	82 d
2	77 d	88 ab	75 b	85 c	98 a	88 c
3	80 cd	90 a	79 ab	86 c	99 a	92 ab
4	85 b	80 c	68 c	94 b	94 b	84 d
5	90 a	88 ab	75 b	96 ab	98 a	89 c
6	91 a	90 a	80 ab	98 a	99 a	92 ab
7	60 f	86 b	83 a	66 e	98 a	94 a
8	60 f	87 ab	76 b	66 e	98 a	88 c
9	83 bc	85 b	79 ab	94 b	97 ab	92 ab
10	58 f	88 ab	80 ab	55 f	98 a	91 bc
11	60 f	85 b	83 a	66 e	98 a	95 a

处理	稗草		千金子		水竹叶		鸭舌草		野荸荠		三棱草
处理	E_P/%	E_FW/%	E_P/%	E_FW/%	E_P/%	E_FW/%	E_P/%	E_FW/%	E_P/%	E_FW/%	E_P/%	E_FW/%
1	90.5 b	92.6 b	60.8 d	59.1 d	92.0 b	94.5 c	93.8 c	95.4 c	75.6 f	80.3 fg	87.0 d	90.5 e
2	95.0 a	98.8 a	64.3 d	61.0 d	94.8 ab	97.7 ab	96.5 b	98.9 ab	81.5 e	85.0 de	94.2 bc	96.8 bc
3	97.3 a	99.0 a	70.1 c	72.6 c	97.0 a	99.4 a	98.4 ab	99.6 a	89.0 bc	92.3 ab	98.0 a	98.7 a
4	91.2 b	93.0 b	93.5 ab	94.0 ab	92.7 b	95.2 bc	94.3 bc	95.7 c	76.0 f	78.6 g	88.1 d	91.0 e
5	95.9 a	98.6 a	95.1 a	96.3 a	95.0 ab	97.9 ab	96.0 b	97.4 bc	83.2 de	83.0 ef	92.3 c	95.6 cd
6	98.0 a	98.7 a	96.0 a	96.8 a	98.1 a	99.0 a	100.0 a	100.0 a	88.7 bc	91.1 b	95.0 bc	97.9 ab
7	46.8 c	48.0 c	90.4 b	92.1 b	96.3 a	97.8 ab	99.0 ab	99.4 ab	92.3 ab	94.0 a	96.9 ab	99.0 a
8	45.2 c	47.5 c	92.0 ab	93.7 ab	95.5 ab	98.0 ab	100.0 a	100.0 a	84.4 de	87.0 cd	93.0 c	94.4 d
9	95.8 a	97.0 a	95.6 a	95.2 a	91.8 b	93.0 c	96.5 b	96.1 c	83.7 de	86.2 cd	92.7 c	94.0 d
10	95.7 a	96.8 a	40.0 e	36.5 e	96.0 ab	97.7 ab	98.9 ab	99.5 ab	86.0 cd	87.9 c	94.2 bc	95.6 cd
11	47.5 c	47.3 c	92.5 ab	93.8 ab	95.9 ab	97.3 ab	98.3 ab	99.4 ab	94.1 a	95.5 a	97.0 ab	98.5 a
12	103.0	1 618.5	240.7	2 550.4	20.3	192.8	25.7	102.6	48.7	413.9	20.0	68.1