长期定位监测下浙江省耕地质量主要性状现状及其变化趋势分析

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240618

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 根据2009—2022年耕地质量监测点监测数据,分析浙江省耕地质量现状,研究土壤养分变化趋势。结果表明,监测点耕层土壤有机质、全氮平均含量均处于较高水平,有效磷含量为高水平,速效钾含量为中水平。其中,水田监测点耕层土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷平均含量均处于较高水平,速效钾含量处于中等偏下水平。旱地监测点耕层土壤有机质、全氮平均含量均处于较高水平,有效磷、速效钾平均含量处于高水平。此外,连续14 a的监测结果表明,浙江省水田土壤肥力指标总体呈现稳中有升的变化趋势,但是缺磷、缺钾现象仍较为普遍。旱地田土壤肥力增幅较大,尤其是土壤有机质含量提升明显,土壤磷、钾含量富集,但旱地酸化程度要高于水田,且有加剧趋势。因此,要继续深入开展测土配方施肥、化肥定额制等工作,以使土壤养分达到平衡。同时要开展酸化耕地治理,遏制耕地酸化进程。

关键词: 浙江省, 耕地质量, 长期定位监测, 变化趋势

Abstract:

Based on the monitored data of cultivated land quality from the monitoring sites during the period of 2009-2022, this study performed analysis of the current status of the soil quality of cultivated land in Zhejiang Province, and evaluated the variation trend of the contents of soil nutrients in the cultivated land. The results showed that the average contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen in the topsoil at the monitoring sites were at a high level, with high levels of available phosphorus and medium levels of available potassium. Among them, for the paddy field monitoring sites, the average contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus were at a relatively high level, while the available potassium was at a medium to lower level. For the dryland monitoring sites, the average contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen were at a relatively high level, while the average contents of available phosphorus and available potassium is at a high level. In addition, the results of 14 years of consecutive monitoring showed that as a whole, soil fertility of paddy field performed a stable and upward trend, however, deficiencies of phosphorus and potassium commonly occurred. Besides, we found an improvement in soil fertility of dryland field, especially an obvious increase in soil organic matter and enrichment of soil phosphorus and potassium content. Howerer, the acidification degree of drylands was higher than that of paddy fields, and it had a tendency to intensify. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out works (e.g., soil testing and formula fertilization, and fertilizer quota system) to achieve a balance of soil nutrients. At the same time, soil acidification management is needed to suppress the acidification process of cultivated land.

Key words: Zhejiang Province, cultivated land quality, long-term location monitoring, variation trend

中图分类号:

F301.21

连正华, 陈一定, 孔海民, 陈红金. 长期定位监测下浙江省耕地质量主要性状现状及其变化趋势分析[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(8): 2002-2007.

LIAN Zhenghua, CHEN Yiding, KONG Haimin, CHEN Hongjin. Analysis of the current status and variation trend of the cultivated land quality in Zhejiang Province under long-term location monitoring[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(8): 2002-2007.

图/表 12

图1 监测点耕层土壤有机质含量分布频率

Fig.1 Distribution frequency of soil organic matter content in topsoil

图2 监测点耕层土壤有机质含量变化趋势

Fig.2 Variation trend of soil organic matter content in topsoil

图3 监测点耕层土壤全氮含量分布频率

Fig.3 Distribution frequency of soil total nitrogen content in topsoil

图4 监测点耕层土壤全氮含量变化趋势

Fig.4 Variation trend of soil total nitrogen content in topsoil

图5 监测点耕层土壤有效磷含量分布频率

Fig.5 Distribution frequency of soil available phosphorus content in topsoil

图6 监测点耕层土壤有效磷含量变化趋势

Fig.6 Variation trend of soil available phosphorus content in topsoil

图7 监测点耕层土壤速效钾含量分布频率

Fig.7 Distribution frequency of soil available potassium content in topsoil

图8 监测点耕层土壤速效钾含量变化趋势

Fig.8 Variation trend of soil available potassium content in topsoil

图9 监测点耕层土壤酸碱度分布频率

Fig.9 Distribution frequency of soil pH value in topsoil

图10 水田监测点耕层土壤酸碱度分布频率变化趋势

Fig.10 Variation trend of soil pH value distribution frequency in topsoil at paddy field monitoring site

图11 旱地监测点耕层土壤酸碱度分布频率变化趋势

Fig.11 Variation trend of soil pH value distribution frequency in topsoil at dryland monitoring site

表1 浙江省耕地质量监测指标分级标准

Table 1 Classification criteria of cultivated land quality monitoring indexes in Zhejiang Province

分级标准	有机质含量/ (g·kg^-1)	pH值	全氮含量/ (g·kg^-1)	有效磷含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量/ (mg·kg^-1)
1级(高)	>35	6.5~7.5	>2.00	>35	>150
2级(较高)	35~>25	5.5~<6.5	2.00~>1.50	35~>25	150~>120
3级(中)	25~>15	>7.5~8.5	1.50~>1.00	25~>15	120~>80
4级(较低)	15~>10	>4.5~<5.5或>8.5	1.00~>0.75	15~>10	80~>50
5级(低)	≤10	≤4.5	≤0.75	≤10	≤50

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