浙江农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 66 ›› Issue (4): 805-812.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240741

• 水稻 • 上一篇    下一篇

水稻群体育种分离世代的变异性研究

莫俊杰(), 吴相昀, 刘文通, 陈楚润, 高志超   

  1. 广东海洋大学 滨海农业学院,广东 湛江 524088
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-18 出版日期:2025-04-11 发布日期:2025-05-09
  • 作者简介:莫俊杰(1980—),男,广东怀集人,助理研究员,博士,E-mail:mojj@gdou.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    湛江市非资助科技攻关计划项目(2023B01033);湛江市科技发展专项资金竞争性分配项目(2020A03005);广东海洋大学校级大学生创新训练项目(CXXL2023058);广东省乡村振兴战略专项种业振兴行动项目(2023NBH00025)

Study on variability of separated generations in rice population breeding

MO Junjie(), WU Xiangyun, LIU Wentong, CHEN Churun, GAO Zhichao   

  1. College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,Guangdong
  • Received:2024-09-18 Online:2025-04-11 Published:2025-05-09

摘要:

为了研究水稻群体育种多父本效应的遗传机理,本研究利用水稻两系不育系海S1与4个水稻品种(品系)构建水稻育种杂交群体,然后比较分析其不同世代群体主要农艺性状及其变异系数的差异。结果表明,利用水稻群体育种法构建的分离世代群体的单株穗数、不育株率的变异系数均在32%以上,分离程度比较突出。多父本杂交后代的单株穗数、穗粒数、千粒重等产量构成关键因子的变异类型比单父本杂交后代的表现更为丰富。这有利于丰富水稻产量相关性状的遗传多样性,为育种增加选择机会。利用水稻光温敏不育系构建的杂交后代在不同世代群体中都分离出不育植株,其不育株率达10%以上,而且多父本杂交后代F3的不育株率变异系数大于单父本杂交后代F3群体的不育株率变异系数。利用多父本杂交后代进行多代自交、异交混合,连续不断地组合随机交配群体,随时加入新的亲本种质,扩大遗传基础,使其后代分离出的类型更为丰富,从而有利于不断创新水稻种质资源。

关键词: 水稻, 群体育种, 分离世代, 农艺性状, 变异系数

Abstract:

To investigate the genetic mechanism of multiple male paternal effect in rice population breeding, this study established a hybrid population using a two-line sterile line of rice, Hai S1, and four rice varieties. The main agronomic traits and coefficient of variation in different generations of the population were compared and analyzed. The results revealed that the variation coefficients for panicle number per plant and sterile plant rate in the separated generation population constructed using the rice population breeding were above 32%, indicating significant differences. The multiple male paternal hybrid exhibited more diverse variation types for key yield factors such as panicle number per plant, grain number per spike, and 1 000-grain weight compared with the single-male hybrid. This diversity wais beneficial for enriching genetic diversity related to rice yield traits and increasing opportunities for breeding selection. Sterile plants were isolated from different generations of the hybrid offspring constructed from light-thermo-sensitive sterile lines of rice. multiple male paternal rate of the hybrid offspring was over 10%, with the variation coefficient of the sterility rate being greater in the multiple male paternal hybrid offspring F3 than in the single paternal hybrid offspring F3. By utilizing male paternal hybrid progeny for multi-generation self-crossing and outcross mixing with continuously combining random mating populations and adding new parent germplasm at any time, it is possible to expand the genetic base. This approach leads to extremely rich and diverse isolated types among offspring which facilitates continuous innovation in rice germplasm resources.

Key words: rice, population breeding, separated generation, agronomic traits, variation coefficient

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