浙江农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 66 ›› Issue (6): 1369-1376.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250172

• 经济作物 • 上一篇    下一篇

遮阴时期对茄衣烟叶生长发育和光合生理特性的影响

宋皓1(), 张文瀚2, 王琰琰1, 乔保明3, 杜甫1, 赵泽玉1, 樊文鹏1, 王豪礼1, 单玉静1, 田丽君1, 李子玮1, 刘利平1,*(), 杨永霞2,*()   

  1. 1.湖北中烟工业有限公司 三峡卷烟厂,湖北 宜昌 443000
    2.河南农业大学 烟草学院,河南 郑州 450002
    3.湖北省烟草公司 恩施州公司,湖北 恩施 445000
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-14 出版日期:2025-06-11 发布日期:2025-06-23
  • 通讯作者: 刘利平(1973—),男,湖北鄂州人,高级工程师,从事雪茄烟原料与配方研究,Email:liulp@sx.hbtobacco.cn;杨永霞(1980—),女,山东泰安人,副教授,博士,从事烟草品质改良与调控研究,Email:yyx624@126.com
  • 作者简介:宋皓(1998—),男,河南驻马店人,助理工程师,硕士,从事雪茄烟原料与配方研究、烟草分子育种,Email:18838994935@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    湖北中烟工业有限公司三峡卷烟厂项目(2022JSYL3SX2A002);河南省科技攻关项目(242102110275)

Effects of shading time on the growth and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of cigar wrapper leaves

SONG Hao1(), ZHANG Wenhan2, WANG Yanyan1, QIAO Baoming3, DU Fu1, ZHAO Zeyu1, FAN Wenpeng1, WANG Haoli1, SHAN Yujing1, TIAN Lijun1, LI Ziwei1, LIU Liping1,*(), YANG Yongxia2,*()   

  1. 1. Sanxia Cigarette Factory, China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co. Ltd., Yichang 443000, Hubei
    2. College of Tobacco, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan
    3. Enshi Branch of Hubei Provincial Tobacco Company, Enshi 445000, Hubei
  • Received:2025-03-14 Online:2025-06-11 Published:2025-06-23

摘要:

为探明不同时期遮阴对雪茄茄衣烟叶生长发育,光合生理特性和晾制后烟叶物理特性的影响,以雪茄品种楚雪80(CX-80)为材料,设置全生育期不遮阴(T1)、全生育期遮阴(即移栽时开始遮阴,T2)、移栽后20 d开始遮阴(T3)、移栽后40 d开始遮阴(T4)4个处理,分析了不同遮阴时期对CX-80的农艺性状、叶厚、光合生理特性、晾制后烟叶物理特性和主、支脉粗细等的影响。结果表明:全生育期遮阴(T2)处理显著提高了烟株株高、最大叶长,降低了茎围;全生育期遮阴(T2)和移栽后20 d遮阴(T3)显著降低烟株的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、叶面相对温度和叶片厚度;叶绿素荧光参数分析表明,随遮阴时间的增加,初始荧光(Fo)增加,最大荧光(Fm)、实际光化学效率Y(Ⅱ)、光化学淬灭系数(qP)和非光化学淬灭系数(qN)逐渐减小。叶片环境扫描电镜结果显示,随着遮阴时间的增加,叶片气孔数目逐渐减少,气孔面积与周长逐渐增加。晾制、发酵后的烟叶拉力强度随遮阴时间的增加逐渐升高,含梗率、叶片厚度与主、支脉粗细程度逐渐减小,综上,遮阴时间会影响雪茄烟叶生长发育、光合生理特性和晾制后烟叶的物理特性,可通过不同遮阴栽培措施改变雪茄烟生长环境,进而提升茄衣烟叶的可用性。综合来看,恩施烟区雪茄在移栽后20 d开始遮阴即可。

关键词: 雪茄烟叶, 遮阴时间, 生长发育, 光合作用, 气孔发育, 物理特性

Abstract:

This study aims to clarify the impact of shading time on the growth and development, photosynthetic physiological characteristics of and cigar wrapper leaves and physical characteristics of cured cigar leaves. Using the cigar variety Chuxue 80 (CX-80) as the material, four treatments were established: no shading (T1), shading throughout the whole growth period (T2), shading from the 20 days after transplanting (T3), shading from the 40 days after transplanting (T4). The effects of shading time on the plant height, leaf morphology, photosynthetic characteristics, physical properties of cured leaves and vein thickness of CX-80 were analyzed. The results showed that shading throughout the whole growth period (T2) significantly increased the plant height and maximum leaf length but reduced the stem circumference. Shading before the twentieth days after transplanting significantly reduced the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr), as well as lower relative leaf temperature and thinner leaves. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameter analysis showed that, with the increase of shading time, the initial fluorescence (Fo) increases, the maximum fluorescence (Fm), the actual photochemical efficiency Y(Ⅱ), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN) gradually decreased. Leaf environmental scanning electron microscope results showed that, with the increase of shading time, the number of leaf stomata decreased and the stomata area and circumference gradually increased. After curing and fermentation, the stalk rate, leaf vein diameter and main and branch vein diameter gradually decreased. In conclusion, shading time affects the growth and development of cigar leaves, photosynthetic physiological characteristics and the physical characteristics of cured tobacco leaves, with potential to modify the growing environment and improve the availability of cigar wrapper leaves through different shading cultivation measure. So, shading from 20 days after transplanting can be recommended for application in Enshi cigar planting area.

Key words: cigar leaves, shading time, growth and development, photosynthesis, stomata development, physical characteristics

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