摘　要： 研究了铁皮石斛多糖的抗癌及免疫活性.水提醇沉法提取铁皮石斛多糖,将其作用于癌细胞株（HepG2、A549、F9、NCCIT）和小鼠脾脏细胞、腹腔巨噬细胞,观察细胞形态变化,并用MTT法分析其对细胞增殖的作用.结果表明：铁皮石斛多糖能抑制癌细胞的增殖并促进脾脏细胞生长,铁皮石斛多糖具有一定的抗癌活性及免疫活性.

Objective : To find out the variation of 11 mental element contents in Dendrobium officinale with different germplasms and harvesting ages, the results can provide scientific basis for the quality evaluation and the breeding of D. officinale . Method : 32 samples with 1-3 ages were collected from cultivated fields of Zhejiang and 11 samples were collected from markets. The 11 mental element contents of samples were determined by ICP-MS or AAS. Result : The average contents of K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cr, and Cu were 1 205.23,766.82,158.25,31.06,4.28,8.28,and 0.97 mg·kg -1 ,the contents of As, Hg, Pb, and Cd were all in limits except Cd content of one sample exceeded the standard limit 0.07 mg·kg -1 ;germplasms and physiological ages impacted mental elements contents accumulation significantly. Conclusion : There were rich essential mental elements in D. officinale . D. officinale from Zhejiang province and medical materials from market were all safe; the breeding of D. officinale can increase the contents of essential mental elements and reduce contents of heavy mental elements; the effect of physiological age on metal elements contents was related to each element's physiological and biochemical function.

目的: 全面了解不同种质、采收年龄以及市场销售的石斛类药材中11种金属含量与变异规律,为铁皮石斛药材质量评价与优质药材培育提供依据。 方法 :采集浙江人工栽培骨干基地一至三年生铁皮石斛11个种质32个样品,购买市场销售的石斛类药材11个样品;经湿法消化后采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)、原子吸收光谱法(AAS)测定11种金属元素含量。 结果 :铁皮石斛中钾、钙、镁、锰、锌、铬、铜平均质量分数分别为1 205.23,766.82,158.25,31.06,4.28,8.28,0.97 mg·kg -1 ,砷、汞、铅、镉4种重金属元素含量除1个样品镉元素超过限量指标0.07 mg·kg -1 外,均在规定限度范围内;种质与生理年龄对金属元素的积累存在显著的影响。 结论 :铁皮石斛含有丰富的人体必需金属元素,浙江产的铁皮石斛与市场销售的石斛类药材重金属限量指标整体上是安全的;通过品种选育可望增加人体必需的金属元素含量,降低有害金属元素含量;生理年龄对金属元素的影响与各种元素承担的生理生化作用有关。

Objective: To investigate the contents of 16 basic amino acid and find out the variation of them in Dendrobium officinale with different germplasms and physiological ages, and then provide scientific basis for the quality evaluation and the breeding of D. officinale . Method: Thirty-three samples with 1-3 ages were collected from cultivated fields of Zhejiang. The samples were acid hydrolyzed, and then 16 basic amino acid contents of samples were determined by amino acid analyzer. Result: The average contents of 7 necessary amino acid were in 0.28-2.96 mg·g -1 , the average contents of other 9 basic amino acid were in 0.53-4.20 mg·g -1 . The contents of many amino acids were impacted by germplasms significantly, and contents of several amino acids were impacted by physiological ages significantly. Conclusion: There were rich basic amino acids in D. officinale . The breeding of D. officinale can increase the contents of essential amino acids and other basic amino acids. The relations among physiological age and amino acid contents were as follows: three years>two years>one year. The contents of Asp and Tyr have significantly negative correlation with magnesium, the content of Pro has significantly positive correlation with copper.

目的: 了解铁皮石斛种质、生理年龄对氨基酸含量的影响,为铁皮石斛药材质量评价与优质药材培育提供依据。 方法: 采集浙江人工栽培骨干基地一至三年生铁皮石斛11个种质33个样品,经盐酸水解后采用氨基酸分析仪测定基本氨基酸含量。 结果: 铁皮石斛中7种人体必需氨基酸的平均质量分数为0.28~2.96 mg·g -1 ,其他9种基本氨基酸的平均质量分数为0.53~4.20 mg·g -1 ;种质对多种氨基酸的积累存在极显著或显著影响,生理年龄对氨基酸的积累也有显著影响,氨基酸含量随着生理年龄增加而增加。 结论: 铁皮石斛含有丰富的氨基酸,通过品种选育、延长采收期可以增加人体必需氨基酸和其他基本氨基酸的含量。

在系统的文献调研基础上,结合该实验室先前的科研工作,对兰科石 斛属植物铁皮石斛的药用成分和药理活性加以综述.据该文统计,铁皮石斛药用成分的报道主要集中于近20年,主要药用成分有铁皮石斛多糖、生物碱、氨基酸、 微量元素.因其具有广泛的药效作用、卓越的经济价值和良好的观赏价值,备受世人关注.该文对其药用成分和药理活性做了详细而全面的总结,为今后铁皮石斛更 好的开发利用提供参考.

A new leave disease of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller) was observed in polyethylene film-covered greenhouse in Beijing, China. This disease spreaded rapidly in the greenhouse and caused serious loss of the production of tomatoes. In the study, a fungal strain isolated from the lesion was confirmed to be pathogen for this new disease, and identified as Myrothecium roridum Tode ex Fr. based on the morphology, cultural characters on PDA plate and sequence analysis of ribosomal DNA-ITS. This is the first report of myrothecium leaf spot on tomato occurring in commercial greenhouse in China. 摘要： 番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Miller)是世界上广泛栽培的蔬菜作物之一,由于具有较高的营养价值而受到广大消费者的普遍欢迎,是我国最主要的蔬菜之一.随着我国设施蔬菜栽培年限的增加,病害的种类和病原菌的种群结构发生了很大变化,出现了一些新病害.2006～2008年,对北京地区蔬菜种植基地蔬菜病害进行了调查,在多个番茄种植大棚中发现一种新病害,该病害发病速度快且蔓延迅速,主要为害番茄叶片,严重的大棚中发病率达42%.

A pathogenic fungus causing leaf spot of Plectranthus parviflorus was isolated and characterized based on the morphological features, cultural characteristics and pathogenicity. By using polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) technique to amp lify rDNA2ITS of the isolate, we obtained a 523 bp DNA fragment, the result showed that rDNA-ITS sequences of the isolate and Myrothecium roridum shared 99% homology, which was compared in National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank. Synthesized two identification results indicated that Myrothecium roridum was the pathogen causing black spot disease of Plectranthus parvif lorus . This is the first report of Myrothecium leaf spot caused by Myrothecium roridum on Plectranthus parviflorus.

通过病原菌的形态特征、培养性状和致病性测定的方法对引起瑞典常春藤漆斑病的病原菌进 行了分离鉴定, 采用PCR技术扩增病菌rDNA2ITS基因, 获得一长度为523 bp的DNA片段, 序列测定结果表明该片段序列与GenBank已有的露湿漆斑菌序列的同源性达到了99%。综合两种方法鉴定结果, 露湿漆斑菌是引起瑞典常春藤漆斑病的致病菌, 露湿漆斑菌为该寄主上的真菌新病害。

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