通过调查美洲斑潜蝇及其主要寄生性天敌冈崎姬小蜂Neochrysoclaris okazakii Kamijo、芙新姬小蜂Neochrysoclaris formosa Westwood和攀金姬小蜂Chrysocharis pentheus Walker的时间和空间生态位,测定出生态位宽度、重叠和比例相似性.在生态位测定的基础上,按生态位的理论观点,探讨了寄生性天敌在美洲斑潜蝇综合治理中的控制作用.

通过测定不同色彩和改装的飞虫诱捕器对斑潜蝇的田间引诱效果，以 实现更好的田间防治效果。在供试的6种诱虫板中，黄色板对斑潜蝇成虫的引诱力最强，紫色板和蓝色板对斑潜蝇成虫也有一定的引诱力，但比黄色板明显要差。在 供试的8种双色诱虫板中，黄色＋紫色板对斑潜蝇成虫的引诱性最好。黄色＋蓝色板对斑潜蝇成虫也具有较强的引诱性，且与黄色＋紫色板相比，其引诱力无显著差 异。改装后的风吸式诱捕器安装在垄间与作物苗尖齐平的高处时，能显著提高诱捕器对斑潜蝇成虫的诱杀效果。

Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of series of sticky colored cards on the capture of Liriomyza stativae Blanchard and Trialeurodes vaporariorum.The result showed that the best effect can be achieved by yellow and yellow-green card,with 119 and 88 of Liriomyza stativae Blanchard and 195.67 and 180.33 of Trialeurodes vaporariorum on each card.The effluence of different direction,height,size,shape on the capture efficiency of colored cards were also studied.The result showed that the best result can be achieved by placing them in east to west direction,vertically 15 cm from the leaves of the plants,cylinder,and the size of card was irrelative to the trapping efficiency of Liriomyzastativae Blanchard and Trialeurodes vaporariorum

应用系列粘虫板对美洲斑潜蝇和温室白粉虱成虫的趋色性进行试验的结果显示:黄色和黄绿色对两种昆虫诱虫效果最佳,分别达到了美洲斑潜蝇119头/板、88头/板,温室白粉虱195.67头/板、180.33头/板,其次是浅黄、橘黄、深黄。并就黄板在温室内的设置高度、方向以及黄板面积大小、黄板制作形状对诱集效果的影响进行了比较试验,结果显示:以黄板下端高于植株顶部15cm,板面东西方向,圆柱形诱集效果最佳,每块黄板面积大小对诱集效果无影响。

To clarify the inductive effect of exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) on the resistance of kidney bean to Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, JA was sprayed on seedlings of kidney bean with four concentrations, and investigated the resistance of kidney bean to L.sativae as well as the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) and lipoxygenase (LOX) in kidney bean leaves by means of bioassay and biochemical analysis. The results showed that the sprayed exogenous JA could increase the resistance of kidney bean to L.sativae and the activities of three defensive enzymes in kidney bean leaves. The effects on its resistance to L.sativae and on the activities of three defensive enzymes were significantly related to JA concentration. After application of 0.1 and 1 mmol/L JA, feeding and oviposition selectivity, feeding amount and pupal weight were significantly reduced, whereas the development time of eggs or larvae was significantly prolonged. However, developmental duration of larvae was only significantly affected when 0.01 and 0.001 mmol/L JA were applied. In comparison with the control, the activities of PPO, POD and LOX were increased by 33%, 39% and 80% after application of 0.1 mmol/L JA, respectively. The activities of PPO, POD and LOX were not significantly affected when 0.001 mmol/L JA was applied.

为明确外源茉莉酸(JA)处理菜豆对美洲斑潜蝇抗性的诱导作用,采用生物测定和生化分析方法,研究了4种浓度JA喷施菜豆幼苗后,菜豆对美洲斑潜蝇的抗性及菜豆叶片过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和脂氧合酶(LOX)活性的变化。结果表明,JA处理可以提高菜豆对美洲斑潜蝇的抗性及菜豆叶片3种防御酶的活性,且其抗性和防御酶活性提高程度均与JA浓度有关。0.1、1 mmol/L JA可显著降低美洲斑潜蝇成虫对菜豆的取食和产卵选择性,使卵或幼虫发育历期延长、幼虫取食量降低、蛹重减轻,而0.001和0.01 mmol/L JA仅对幼虫发育历期有显著影响。0.1 mmol/L JA 处理后,菜豆叶片POD、PPO和LOX活性均显著升高,分别较对照增加33%、39%和80%,而0.001 mmol/L JA 对菜豆叶片防御酶诱导作用不明显。

Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is one of the important pests harming a wide variety of vegetables and ornamental plants throughout the world. The leaf ethanol extract of Momordica charantia at the concentration of 2000〖KG-*2〗-〖KG-*7〗4000 μg·ml-1 displayed significant antifeedant and antioviposition activities against L. sativae adults. For further purifying the extract, four solvents, i.e., cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water, were used to extract the ethanol extract, and the antifeedant and antioviposition activities of the extracts against L. sativae adults were te sted. The results showed that after treated with the extracts at the concentration of 1000 μg·ml-1 for 2 days, the antifeedant index (AFI) of cyclohexane-, ethyl acetate-, n-butanol- and water extracts against L. sativae adults was 1108%, 3489%, 2299% and 0, and the antioviposition index (AOI ) was 0, 3091%, 645% and 0, respectively. Ethyl acetate extract had the highest bioactivity. At the concentration of 4000 μg·ml-1, the AFI and AOI of ethyl acetate extract were 7095% and 6949%, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract was then isolated by silica gel column chromatography, a nd three compounds, i.e., (19S, 23E)-5β,19-epoxy-19-methoxy-cucurbita-6,23-dien-3β and 25-diol (compound 1), (19R, 23E)-5β,19-epoxy-19-methoxy-cucurbita-6,23-dien-3β and 25-diol (compound 2), and 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23-dien-19-al-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound 3), were obtained. These three compounds at concentration of 100〖KG-*2〗-〖KG-*7〗400 μg·ml-1 all had inhibitory effects on the feeding and oviposition of L. sativae. At the concentration of 400 μg·ml-1, the AFI and AOI were 6689%, 5353% and 7802%, and 7632%, 5836% and 7836% for compound 1, 2 and 3, respectively.

美洲斑潜蝇是危害蔬菜、观赏植物的重大害虫之一.苦瓜叶乙醇提取物(浓度为2000～4000 μg·ml -1 )对美洲斑潜蝇成虫的取食和产卵都具有较强的抑制作用.用环己烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水依次对乙醇提取物进行萃取，并测试了4种萃取物对美洲斑潜蝇成虫取食和产卵的抑制作用.结果表明: 环己烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水萃取物在浓度为1000 μg·ml -1 时，处理后2 d对美洲斑潜蝇成虫的拒食率分别是11.08%、34.89%、22.99%和 0，产卵抑制率分别是0、30.91%、6.45%和 0.其中，乙酸乙酯萃取物的活性最强，当其浓度为4000 μg·ml -1 时，处理后2 d对美洲斑潜蝇成虫的拒食率和产卵忌避率分别为70.95％ 和69.49％.乙酸乙酯萃取物经硅胶柱层析分离得到(19 S ,23 E )-5β,19-环氧-19-甲氧葫芦素-6,23-二烯-3β, 25-二醇 (化合物1)、(19 R ,23 E )-5β,19-环氧-19-甲氧葫芦素-6,23-二烯-3β,25-二醇(化合物2) 和3β,7β,25-三羟基葫芦素-5,23-二烯-19-醛缩-3- O -β- D -吡喃葡糖苷（化合物3），3种化合物在供试的浓度（100～400 μg·ml -1 ）条件下对美洲斑潜蝇的取食和产卵行为都有明显的抑制作用.在400μg·ml -1 浓度时，化合物1、化合物2和化合物3对美洲斑潜蝇成虫的拒食率分别是66.89%、53.53%和78.02%，产卵抑制率分别是76.32%、58.36%和78.36%.

In order to select the best combination of sex pheromone lures and traps， effects of four kinds sex pheromone lures， four kinds traps and two heights on trapping efficiency of Grapholitha molesta（Busck） adults were conducted in pear orchards in Tonglu County， Zhejiang province in this paper. The results showed trapping effect of triangle\| and ship\|shape traps was extremely significantly higher than those of cage\| and water basin\|shape traps， in which no significant difference in trapping effect between triangle\| and ship\|shape traps， and between cage\| and water basin\|shape traps was found， respectively. But the order of relative trapping efficiency was triangle\|>ship\|>cage\|>water basin\|shape traps. There was no obvious difference in trapping effect among four kinds of sex pheromone lures， but the higher relative trapping efficiency was the product of Pherobio Technology Co. Ltd. No significant difference in trapping efficiency of lures placed at the height of 1 m and 2 m was also found. It was concluded that the strongest attracting efficiency to G. molesta was the combination of triangle\|shape trap and the sex pheromone lure from Beijing Pherobio Technology Co. Ltd. The conclusion will provide a scientific basis for effectively monitoring and controlling the population of the insect pest by rational utilization of the sex pheromone for G. molesta.