南瓜砧木种衣剂的筛选与评价

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250551

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究系统评价了12种不同类型种衣剂对南瓜砧木种子萌发和幼苗生长等方面的影响,以期筛选出对南瓜砧木种子萌发和幼苗生长具有综合促进效果的种衣剂。结果表明,不同种衣剂对南瓜砧木种子萌发和幼苗生长等方面的影响均存在较大差异。其中,瓜类种子专用悬浮种衣剂(FSC)表现最佳,处理后种子的出苗率达97.22%,百株鲜重达477.20 g,均(p<0.05)高于对照。同时,瓜类种子专用FSC的杀菌效果也最佳,培养4 d后种子表面的杀菌效果达100.00%。其次为4%咯菌·嘧菌酯微囊悬浮剂(CF),处理后种子的出苗率为91.67%,百株鲜重达476.23 g。此外,每1 g含1 000亿芽孢的枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂(WP)和40%克菌·戊唑醇悬浮剂(SC)能够显著促进种子胚根的伸长,其中40%克菌·戊唑醇SC处理后形成了“矮壮”株型,适合机械化嫁接作业。值得注意的是,70%噁霉灵WP处理会显著抑制种子萌发和幼苗生长,生产上应避免使用。综合安全性、种子萌发情况、幼苗生长情况和杀菌效果,瓜类种子专用FSC和4%咯菌·嘧菌酯CF具有最佳应用前景,可同步实现提高出苗率、壮苗培育和真菌防控的目的,为南瓜砧木种子的标准化处理提供技术支撑。

关键词: 南瓜砧木, 种子包衣, 杀菌效果

Abstract:

To screen for seed coating agents with comprehensive promoting effects on seed germination and seedling growth of pumpkin rootstocks, this study systematically evaluated 12 different types of seed treatments. The results showed that different seed coating agents had obvious differences in seed germination and seedling growth of pumpkin rootstocks. Among them, specialized cucurbit seed FSC performed the best. After treatment, the germination rate of the seeds reached 97.22%, and the fresh weight per 100 seedlings reached 477.20 g, which was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the control. At the same time, the fungicidal effect of specialized cucurbit seed FSC was also the best. After 4 days of cultivation, the fungicidal effect on the seed surface reached 100.00%. The second was 4% fludioxonil·azoxystrobin CF. After treatment, the germination rate of the seeds was 91.67%, and the fresh weight per 100 seedlings reached 476.23 g. Besides, Bacillus subtilis WP(100 billion spores per gram) and 40% carbendazim·tebuconazole SC significantly promoted radicle elongation, with the latter forming a “dwarf and sturdy” plant type, which was suitable for mechanized grafting. However, 70% hymexazol WP significantly inhibited seed germination and seedling growth and should be avoided in production. Considering safety, seed germination, seedling growth and fungicidal effect, the specialized cucurbit seed FSC and 4% fludioxonil·azoxystrobin CF showed the best application prospects, simultaneously achieving high emergence rate, robust seedling cultivation, and fungal disease control, providing technical support for standardized treatment of pumpkin rootstock seeds.

Key words: pumpkin rootstock, seed coating, fungicidal effect

中图分类号:

S482.2

严蕾艳, 古斌权, 邢乃林, 王迎儿, 黄芸萍, 王毓洪. 南瓜砧木种衣剂的筛选与评价[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(12): 3008-3012.

YAN Leiyan, GU Binquan, XING Nailin, WANG Yinger, HUANG Yunping, WANG Yuhong. Screening and evaluation of coating agents for pumpkin rootstock seeds[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(12): 3008-3012.

图/表 5

参考文献 10

[1]	王迎儿, 严蕾艳, 邢乃林, 等. 瓠瓜嫁接砧木新品种思壮12的选育[J]. 中国瓜菜, 2023, 36(7): 140-143.
[2]	邢乃林, 王迎儿, 严蕾艳, 等. 用作西瓜砧木的南瓜新品种思壮7号[J]. 园艺学报, 2021, 48(S2): 2851-2852.
[3]	施先锋. 南瓜砧木嫁接提高西瓜耐冷性的生理机制及蛋白质组学研究[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2019.
[4]	赵云霞, 崔静英, 谢华, 等. 不同甜瓜砧木品种对薄皮甜瓜生长及品质的影响[J]. 北方园艺, 2018(11): 67-71.
[5]	王光锋, 何圣米, 邹宜静, 等. 不同南瓜砧木嫁接对西瓜生长、产量及品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2020, 61(8): 1548-1550.
[6]	王文恒. 种子包衣剂对小麦种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响[J]. 特种经济动植物, 2024, 27(9): 32-34.
[7]	孙华, 边强, 郭宁, 等. 不同药剂对玉米茎腐病的防效评价[J]. 玉米科学, 2024, 32(9): 108-114.
[8]	梁玉婷, 任兴平, 李惠霞, 等. 生防芽孢杆菌种子处理剂WS20的研制及对甘蓝枯萎病的防治效果[J]. 农药学学报, 2024, 26(3): 482-491.
[9]	刘依宁, 袁东华, 仕影, 等. 一种复配型生物种衣剂防治黄瓜苗期病害的研究[J]. 生物灾害科学, 2024, 47(2): 262-268.
[10]	范瑛阁, 李莎, 赵静, 等. 枯草芽孢杆菌H1和H2对黄瓜的促生作用[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2015, 43(7): 158-161.

处理	种衣剂	100 kg用量
CK	—	—
T1	3%苯醚甲环唑FSC	600 mL
T2	70%噁霉灵WP	700 g
T3	2.5%咯菌腈FSC	200 mL
T4	4%咯菌·嘧菌酯CF	150 g
T5	6.25%精甲·咯菌腈FSC	400 g
T6	11%精甲·咯·嘧菌FSC	440 mL
T7	1 000亿芽孢·g^-1枯草芽孢杆菌WP	100 g
T8	40%克菌·戊唑醇SC	40 mL
T9	6%戊唑醇FS	200 mL
T10	25%噻虫·咯·霜灵FSC	1 200 mL
T11	3%噻霉酮ME	100 g
T12	瓜类种子专用FSC	2 000 mL

处理	种衣剂	100 kg用量
CK	—	—
T1	3%苯醚甲环唑FSC	600 mL
T2	70%噁霉灵WP	700 g
T3	2.5%咯菌腈FSC	200 mL
T4	4%咯菌·嘧菌酯CF	150 g
T5	6.25%精甲·咯菌腈FSC	400 g
T6	11%精甲·咯·嘧菌FSC	440 mL
T7	1 000亿芽孢·g^-1枯草芽孢杆菌WP	100 g
T8	40%克菌·戊唑醇SC	40 mL
T9	6%戊唑醇FS	200 mL
T10	25%噻虫·咯·霜灵FSC	1 200 mL
T11	3%噻霉酮ME	100 g
T12	瓜类种子专用FSC	2 000 mL

处理	发芽率/%	胚根长度/mm	出苗率/%
CK	98.89±1.92 a	10.73±1.32 c	79.66±3.43 c
T1	96.67±3.34 ab	13.33±1.67 abc	89.35±2.12 b
T2	83.33±5.77 c	3.40±0.73 d	89.35±2.12 b
T3	94.44±5.09 ab	10.82±1.81 c	72.22±2.41 d
T4	97.78±1.92 ab	11.77±1.23 bc	91.67±4.17 ab
T5	96.67±3.34 ab	12.56±1.53 abc	89.35±2.12 b
T6	95.56±1.93 ab	13.47±0.77 abc	89.35±2.12 b
T7	93.33±3.34 ab	15.33±1.48 a	91.67±4.17 ab
T8	98.89±1.92 a	14.28±2.22 ab	89.35±2.12 b
T9	95.56±1.93 ab	10.99±0.59 c	91.67±4.17 ab
T10	95.56±5.09 ab	10.64±1.46 c	95.83±4.17 a
T11	95.56±1.93 ab	13.24±2.55 abc	91.67±4.17 ab
T12	92.22±1.92 b	4.99±1.08 d	97.22±2.41 a

处理	发芽率/%	胚根长度/mm	出苗率/%
CK	98.89±1.92 a	10.73±1.32 c	79.66±3.43 c
T1	96.67±3.34 ab	13.33±1.67 abc	89.35±2.12 b
T2	83.33±5.77 c	3.40±0.73 d	89.35±2.12 b
T3	94.44±5.09 ab	10.82±1.81 c	72.22±2.41 d
T4	97.78±1.92 ab	11.77±1.23 bc	91.67±4.17 ab
T5	96.67±3.34 ab	12.56±1.53 abc	89.35±2.12 b
T6	95.56±1.93 ab	13.47±0.77 abc	89.35±2.12 b
T7	93.33±3.34 ab	15.33±1.48 a	91.67±4.17 ab
T8	98.89±1.92 a	14.28±2.22 ab	89.35±2.12 b
T9	95.56±1.93 ab	10.99±0.59 c	91.67±4.17 ab
T10	95.56±5.09 ab	10.64±1.46 c	95.83±4.17 a
T11	95.56±1.93 ab	13.24±2.55 abc	91.67±4.17 ab
T12	92.22±1.92 b	4.99±1.08 d	97.22±2.41 a

处理	株高/cm	根长/cm	茎粗/mm	百株鲜重/g
CK	5.46±0.83 b	14.38±3.74 ab	3.52±0.30 b	407.20±8.52 d
T1	6.08±0.10 ab	14.82±0.36 ab	3.35±0.11 b	380.63±5.98 e
T2	6.26±0.59 ab	13.02±4.11 b	3.39±0.20 b	296.33±6.51 h
T3	5.54±1.76 b	16.86±4.34 ab	3.73±0.16 ab	427.83±6.93 b
T4	7.38±1.74 a	19.26±3.23 a	3.69±0.31 ab	476.23±7.77 a
T5	6.30±1.13 ab	15.14±6.01 ab	3.54±0.15 b	360.77±10.30 f
T6	7.04±0.74 ab	18.66±3.50 a	3.57±0.21 b	416.80±5.06 bcd
T7	7.33±0.10 a	18.88±0.26 a	3.58±0.39 b	411.03±5.06 cd
T8	4.08±0.83 c	19.48±4.72 a	3.45±0.35 b	422.63±7.09 bc
T9	3.26±0.68 c	19.54±5.57 a	4.02±0.40 a	375.60±10.15 e
T10	6.88±0.83 ab	15.24±3.03 ab	3.49±0.24 b	334.60±5.51 g
T11	6.08±0.04 ab	18.72±0.46 a	3.42±0.36 b	381.33±7.09 e
T12	6.50±1.98 ab	19.24±3.70 a	3.65±0.27 ab	477.20±8.52 a