Zheyingfen 1 is a high-quality，parthenocarpy cherry tomato variety selected by Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences and widely cultivated in Zhejiang Province. The low seed production yield and mechanical mixing during the seed production process of Zheyingfen 1 have hindered the further promotion and application of this variety. Therefore，researching efficient seed production and purity identification technology for this variety，reducing seed production costs，and improving seed purity，is of great significance for further expanding the nationwide influence of independently selected tomato varieties of Zhejiang Province. This study systematically investigated the effects of different pruning methods（single plant double stem，double plant single stem，double plant double stem）and different fertilization treatments（T1， application of balanced water-soluble fertilizer； T2， partial replacement of balanced water-soluble fertilizer with high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer on the basis of T1 treatment； T3， additional application of calcium fertilizer on the basis of T2 treatment）on the seed production yield and related agronomic traits of Zheyingfen 1. Meanwhile，based on single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） data from resequencing，SNP molecular markers based on kompetitive allele specific PCR （KASP） were developed to establish a high-throughput and low-cost rapid identification technology for seed purity of Zheyingfen 1. The results showed that the seed yield of the single plant double stem combined with T3 fertilization treatment was significantly （p<0.05） higher than that of other treatments，with a seed yield of 11.76 kg per 667 m². In addition，the three KASP-SNP molecular markers developed in this study can accurately identify the genetic purity of the hybrid Zheyingfen 1.

To screen for high-quality flavor-type tomato varieties that align with consumer preferences，this study utilized 11 flavor-type tomato varieties as experimental materials. Key indicators，including fruit appearance traits and nutritional quality，were systematically measured，and a comprehensive evaluation was conducted by combining sensory assessments. The results revealed that there were significant （p<0.05） variations in appearance traits among different varieties，including individual fruit weight，pulp thickness，and hardness. In terms of nutritional quality，Hangza 614 exhibited the highest soluble solids content （8.83%），while Hangza 612 showed the highest sugar-to-acid ratio （10.92）. The sensory evaluation scores highlighted Hangza 614（8.4 points）and Hangza 604（8.3 points）as outstanding performers，with their fruits featuring soft，glutinous flesh and rich flavor profiles. Correlation analysis revealed that sensory scores exhibited positive correlations with the number of ventricles and the sugar-to-acid ratio at p<0.01 and p<0.05 level， respectively， with the correlation coefficient of 0.810 and 0.675， respectively，while showing a highly significantly （p<0.01）negative correlation with pulp thickness（correlation coefficient of -0.889）. In summary，Hangza 614 and Hangza 604 demonstrated excellent overall taste，characterized by a higher number of ventricles，a superior sugar-to-acid ratio，and thinner pulp，making them suitable for promotion and application in eastern Zhejiang.

This study investigated the effects of bio-organic fertilizer application rate on yield and nutritional quality in greenhouse tomatoes. Results demonstrated that applying bio-organic fertilizer at different rates improved plant height，yield，nutritional quality，and overall economic benefits. The highest commercial yield and economic benefits were achieved at a fertilizer application rate of 9 t·hm^-2，yielding 124.53 t·hm^-2 and 419 700 yuan·hm^-2，respectively. When the fertilizer rate was increased to 12 t·hm^-2，the plants exhibited optimal growth and nutritional quality.

In this study，we developed diploid Luffa through distant hybridization induction technology，providing a theoretical basis for the cultivation and genetic improvement of excellent Luffa varieties. Luffa hybrid variety TL 01（2n = 26） was utilized as the female parent，five different male parents of Cucurbitaceae were hybridized. The obtained hybrid offspring were subjected to ploidy identification and selfing to obtain the first generation. Simple sequence repeats （SSR） markers were used to identify whether they were diploids. The results showed that a total of 12 plump seeds were harvested from the five hybrid combinations. However，only watermelon pollen-induced harvested seeds were successfully regenerated from two plants，labeled T-1 and T-2. 63 seeds were harvested from the selfing of T-1 plants. Using SSR markers to identify the first generation of selfing，it was found that six pairs of SSR markers had consistent band patterns among the first generation of selfing，indicating that the regenerated plant was diploid. The fertility of diploid Luffa has been restored and can be propagated using seeds.

In this study，we used Chunsi 2 and Zhesi 301 as experimental materials to investigate the effects of different phosphate fertilizer treatments on the growth，yield，and quality of sponge gourd （Luffa cylindrica）. The results showed that different phosphate fertilizer treatments had little effect on the main agronomic traits and yield of sponge gourd. Calcium superphosphate treatment could significantly（p<0.05） reduce the first female flower node of Zhesi 301. Under different phosphate fertilizer treatments，there were no significant differences in root，stem，and leaf biomass of the two varieties. The total phosphorus content in root and leaf of Chunsi 2 was the highest under monoammonium phosphate treatment，while the total phosphorus content in leaf of Zhesi 301 was highest under calcium superphosphate treatment. Besides，calcium superphosphate treatment significantly increased the crude protein content of Chunsi 2. In conclusion，the effects of different phosphate fertilizers on vegetative growth，yield，and fruit quality of sponge gourd varied. Considering all indicators，calcium superphosphate is recommended for sponge gourd cultivation.

To investigate the effects of potassium fertilizer on pepper growth，using Hangjiao Zaoxiu as the material，this study examined the effect of different potassium application rates during the top-dressing period on the agronomic traits，yield，and nutrient contents of peppers，and conducted a correlation analysis between potassium application rates and pepper nutrient content. The results showed that compared with potassium application rate （based on K₂O， the same as below） of 120 kg·hm^-2（CK），potassium application rate of 180 kg·hm^-2 significantly（p<0.05）increased the nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassium content of pepper leaves by 3.39，0.17，and 0.49 mg·g^-1，respectively. The nitrogen and phosphorus content of pepper fruits significantly increased by 1.68 and 0.18 mg·g^-1，respectively. The phosphorus content of pepper stems significantly increased by 0.25 mg·g^-1，and the phosphorus content of pepper roots significantly increased by 0.20 mg·g^-1. Furthermore，potassium application rate of 240 kg·hm^-2 resulted in a significant increase of 1.67 mm in transverse diameter of pepper fruits compared with CK. However，it also led to a significant decrease of 1.33 in fruit shape index along with a significant reduction of amino acid content by 9.17 μmol·g^-1 compared with CK. Moreover，compared with potassium application rate of 180 kg·hm^-2，it inhibited the absorption and accumulation of nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassium by pepper leaves，possibly due to excessive application of potassium fertilizer.

This study systematically evaluated the graft compatibility between watermelon variety Jingjia 301 and bottle gourd rootstocks（Jingxinzhenzhuang and Jingxinzhendi），pumpkin rootstocks（Jingxinzhen 3 and Sizhuang 7），and wild watermelon rootstock （Yezhuang 1）. The experiment was conducted in a continuous-cropping watermelon greenhouse in Yuhang District，Hangzhou City，Zhejiang Province，with comprehensive comparisons of the performance of different rootstocks. The results showed that the wild watermelon rootstock Yezhuang 1 exhibited the highest grafting survival rate（93.33%）and the lowest malformed fruit rate（24.73%），with a superior central sugar content（13.4%）compared with the controlled seedlings，but weaker resistance to leaf spot disease. Although pumpkin rootstocks could promote an increase in internode number，their grafting survival rate and disease resistance were relatively poor. Bottle gourd rootstocks performed outstandingly in terms of single fruit weight and resistance to wilt disease. In summary，the wild watermelon rootstock Yezhuang 1 demonstrated significant advantages in ensuring grafting survival rate and optimizing fruit quality，making it a suitable and excellent rootstock for Jingjia 301. However，the type of rootstock should also be selected in a targeted manner based on the local climate and disease conditions.

This study primarily focused on the watermelon variety Jingjia 301，and conducted regional trials in steel-framed plastic greenhouses in Yuhang District，Hangzhou City， Zhejiang Province. A systematic comparison was made between Jingjia 301 and mainstream varieties Meidu and Zaojia 8424 in terms of plant growth，fruit development period，fruit setting rate，stress resistance，yield composition，and fruit quality. The trial adopted a randomized block design and was conducted from February to June 2025，with unified water and fertilizer management and double-cord pruning. The results demonstrated that Jingjia 301 achieved significantly （p<0.05） higher yields than the control varieties，reaching 5 433.3 kg per 667 m2 with a single fruit weight of 6.78 kg. In terms of fruit quality，Jingjia 301 exhibited higher central sugar content（12.93%）and edge sugar content（9.57%），with uniform sugar distribution and balanced flavor. The peel thickness of Jingjia 301 was 1.17 cm，intermediate between the two control varieties，balancing storage and transportability with edibility. Additionally，Jingjia 301 demonstrated suitable maturity period，high fruit setting rate，and strong stress resistance. In summary，Jingjia 301 achieved a synergistic effect of high yield，superior quality，and strong stress resistance，making it suitable for promotion in similar ecological regions. This study employed a multi-index system evaluation to validate the application potential of Jingjia 301 in modern watermelon production，providing theoretical support for variety selection and cultivation optimization.

Jiawang 2 is a new hybrid F₁ net-patterned muskmelon cultivar developed by crossing the inbred line 14T-1 as the female parent and the inbred line 610-1 as the male parent. This variety is medium-early maturing，with a total growth period of approximately 121 days in early spring protected cultivation，a fruit development period of about 45 days，and an average single fruit weight of around 1.68 kg. The fruit is round in shape with a uniform appearance，featuring dark green peel covered with dense reticulation. The peel is thin and exhibits strong crack resistance. The flesh is green，with a thickness of approximately 4.3 cm and a small seed cavity. The texture is fine，tender，and soft，with a rich flavor and a refreshing aroma. The central soluble solid content is about 17.5%. The average yield is 2 797.3 kg per 667 m2 in production trials. This variety shows intermediate resistance to powdery mildew and downy mildew，and resistance to gummy stem blight. It is suitable for multi-season protected cultivation in various regions. Jiawang 2 was registered as a non-staple crop variety by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in March 2025.

In order to enrich the variety types of melons in the central Zhejiang region and meet local market demand，this study conducted a trial planting of seven melon varieties，namely Yongtian No.5，Xinmei 115，Xinyumei，Qinghua Mibao，Meifeng，Dayulu，and Shenzhouyihao F₁ in Pujiang County. The results showed that there were varying degrees of differences in the growth characteristics，growth performance，and main fruit traits（including fruit shape，flesh color，and flavor）among the seven melon varieties. Overall，they showed strong adaptability，easy fruiting，and good marketability. Among them，oriental melon Qinghua Mibao had superior fruit quality and high yield，and is recommended for popularization and application in this region along with supporting cultivation techniques. Besides，muskmelon variety Xinyumei had certain advantages in terms of growth，disease resistance，taste，and yield，and can be further tested in local area.

To investigate the effects of different fruit-setting nodes on the growth，quality，yield，and commercial rate of the new muskmelon cultivar Tiandu Yinmi in southern Xinjiang，a plot experiment was conducted using the single-vine pruning system. The results indicated that fruit-setting node positions significantly （p<0.05） influenced all evaluated parameters. Within the range of nodes 1 to 10，the yield varied from 1 840.92 to 2 849.55 kg per 667 m2，and the profit ranged from 1 934.98 to 5 875.47 yuan per 667 m2. Fruit setting at nodes 6 to 10 demonstrated optimal performance in terms of plant vigor，fruit quality，yield，and commercial quality. Among these，node 8 exhibited the best overall performance，with a vine length of 248.60 cm at maturity，an average single fruit weight of 2.79 kg，and a first-grade fruit rate of 63%. In contrast，fruit setting at nodes 1 to 4 resulted in inferior outcomes，with nodes 1 and 2 performing the poorest. Therefore，it is recommended that in commercial production of the new cultivar Tiandu Yinmi，fruit setting should be conducted between nodes 6 and 10，with node 8 being the most ideal position to achieve high quality and yield.

This study explored the diversity differences and conducted a comprehensive evaluation among 98 melon germplasm resources.Variation analysis，correlation analysis，principal component analysis，and cluster analysis were performed based on 10 seedling traits. The results showed that the coefficients of variation for the 10 seedling traits ranged from 3.83% to 55.78%，with diversity indices ranging from 1.75 to 2.04. There were extremely significant（p<0.01）positive correlations among cotyledon longitudinal diameter，cotyledon transverse diameter，and hypocotyl length. Principal component analysis summarized the 10 seedling traits into 3 principal components. Cluster analysis divided the 98 germplasm accessions into four distinct groups. The above findings can provide a theoretical basis for future screening and innovation of melon germplasm resources.

To conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the quality characteristics of the geographical indication product Haining pear and its associated soil quality，this study collected 28 Haining pear samples and 14 soil samples from 11 production entities. The entropy-weighted TOPSIS method was employed to quantitatively evaluate pear quality and soil physicochemical indicators. Through correlation analysis，difference analysis，and entropy-weighted TOPSIS analysis，the weight coefficients of the pear quality indicators，namely the soluble solid content，titratable acid content，and hardness，were determined to be 0.331 2，0.293 8，and 0.375 0，respectively. For the soil indicators，the weight coefficients of the three main evaluation indicators，namely the available potassium content，pH value，and total phosphorus content，were 0.188 8，0.162 7，and 0.160 2，respectively. These findings provide a scientific basis for improving the quality of Haining pears and optimizing the selection of production bases.

Zhenong 16 is a new spring vegetable soybean variety bred through sexual hybridization using Zhenong 8 as the female parent and JP55 as the male parent. This article provided a detailed introduction to the breeding process of Zhenong 16，its regional trial performance，characteristic traits，and key seed propagation techniques，aiming to offer references for large-scale application and promotion of Zhenong 16. Results showed that in the regional trial of fresh spring soybeans in Zhejiang Province from 2020 to 2021，the average growth period of Zhenong 16 was 81.6 days. The plant height of Zhenong 16 was 30.3 cm，main stem node was 7.7，and effective number of branches was 3.2. There were 28.4 effective pods per plant，with a standard pod rate of 70.6%. The number of seeds per pod was 2.0. Fresh hundred pods weigh was 311.1 g，and fresh hundred seeds weight was 73.8 g；The seeds were circular in shape，the seed coat was light green，and the cotyledons were yellow. Besides，Zhenong 16 had high resistance to mosaic virus disease SC15 and SC18 strains，and were susceptible to anthracnose. The average fresh pod yield per 667 m² was 827.0 kg in the regional test of fresh spring soybeans of Zhejiang Province in 2020 and 2021，and the average fresh pod yield per 667 m² was 824.4 kg in the production test of fresh spring soybeans of Zhejiang Province. This variety is suitable for spring planting in Zhejiang and surrounding areas with similar climate.

This article used Shuijing and Shenhong mature Chinese bayberry trees as test materials，and set up different laser spectra （660 nm red light and 450 nm blue light） with red to blue light quality ratios of 9∶0，9∶3，and 0∶9 for supplementary lighting. The fruit quality and nutrient composition indicators of the two varieties under different treatments are determined with no supplementary lighting as the control. The results showed that red light treatment significantly （p<0.05） increased the contents of soluble solids，total anthocyanins，and amino acids in the fruits of two varieties，and significantly reduced the content of malic acid in Shenhong Chinese bayberry fruit during the color transition period. The red blue mixed light treatment （9∶3） significantly increased the total flavonoid and total phenolic content of Shenhong Chinese bayberry fruit，but had no significant effect on Shuijing Chinese bayberry fruit. In summary，laser supplementary lighting can effectively improve fruit quality of Chinese bayberry and is a technology worth researching and promoting to improve the quality of Chinese bayberry. However，different light qualities have variety dependence，and in actual production，it is necessary to adjust the light quality ratio reasonably and accurately for supplementary lighting.

This study conducted a comprehensive assessment of nine traditional citrus varieties from Taizhou by measuring seven appearance quality indicators and four intrinsic quality indicators，employing principal component analysis（PCA）. The results revealed significant（p<0.05）differences in fruit quality among the varieties. Bendiguangju exhibited the highest single fruit weight，while Ruju had the lowest. Dongjiang Bendizao was morphologically similar to Bendizao but contained fewer seeds. Xinben 1 demonstrated the highest solid-acid ratio and the best flavor，whereas Bendiguangju demonstrated the worst flavor. Manju contained the highest vitamin C content. Principal component analysis indicated that fruit longitudinal diameter，fruit transverse diameter，single fruit weight，and fruit shape index were the main indicators for distinguishing different varieties. The cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components reached 95.645%. Cluster analysis further confirmed that Bendiguangju，Ruju，and Manju exhibited the most distinct quality characteristics. This study provides a scientific basis for the utilization and varietal breeding of local citrus germplasm from Taizhou.

This article explored the effects of different dosages of bamboo charcoal organic fertilizer on the growth，development，yield，and quality of Chinese cabbage，aiming to provide a theoretical basis for rational fertilization of heat-resistant seedling ball dual-use Chinese cabbage. In this experiment，the Chinese cabbage variety Zaoshu 8 was used as the test material，and six treatments of 0 t·hm^-2（CK），1.5 t·hm^-2（T1），3.0 t·hm^-2（T2），4.5 t·hm^-2（T3），6.0 t·hm^-2（T4）and 7.5 t·hm^-2（T5）were set up. The growth index，yield and quality of Chinese cabbage treated with bamboo charcoal organic fertilizer were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the application of bamboo charcoal organic fertilizer had a good effect on the growth index，yield and quality of Chinese cabbage，and the comprehensive effect of T2 treatment was the best. Compared with CK，the number of leaves of T2 treatment in the heading period significantly（p<0.05）increased by 20.83%，the single fresh weight of T2 treatment in seedling period，rosette period and heading period significantly increased by 277.89%，100.88% and 74.48% respectively，and the single dry weight of T2 treatment in seedling period，rosette period and heading period significantly increased by 186.34%，107.08% and 88.16% respectively. The yield of T2 treatment was 73.62 t·hm^-2，71.77% significantly higher than that of CK，and the net income was 47 822.50 yuan·hm^-2. The contents of vitamin C，soluble protein and soluble sugar of T2 treatment significantly increased by 74.21%，12.50% and 0.03 percentage points，respectively. Therefore，the recommended optimum fertilization rate was 3.0 t·hm^-2（T2）.

To clarify the differences in phenotypic and quality traits among diverse non-heading Chinese cabbage varieties，this study conducted a comparative experiment using 15 non-heading Chinese cabbage varieties，19 agronomic traits and 6 quality traits were determined. Through correlation analysis，principal component analysis（PCA），cluster analysis，a comprehensive evaluation of non-heading Chinese cabbage was conducted to screen high-quality non-heading Chinese cabbage. The results showed that among the 15 varieties，distinct differences were observed in qualitative traits such as plant type，leaf shape，and leaf color. The coefficient of variation for quantitative traits such as petiole length，single plant weight，leaf to petiole ratio，plant height，as well as four quality traits including glucose content，fructose content，crude protein content，and ascorbic acid content，were all greater than 30.00%. Three varieties（Q1，Q2，Q7）were identified as high-sugar varieties，Q5 exhibited superior single plant weight，and Q15 was characterized by high ascorbic acid content. Correlation analysis showed that there were certain correlations between agronomic traits，agronomic traits and quality traits，and different quality traits of non-heading Chinese cabbage. Principal component analysis further identified representative key indicators：petiole thickness，leaf to petiole ratio，fructose content，crude fiber content，and ascorbic acid content. Cluster analysis ultimately classified the 15 varieties into five distinct groups. These findings provide valuable insights for the selection and utilization of high-quality non-heading Chinese cabbage varieties in breeding and production.

To screen fast-growing Chinese cabbage varieties with excellent traits and strong bolting resistance，this study used 12 bolting-resistant fast-growing Chinese cabbage varieties as materials. Four sowing dates were set in spring to investigate and evaluate the growth indicators and bolting performance of these fast-growing Chinese cabbage varieties under different sowing dates. The results showed that both variety and sowing date significantly affected the bolting characteristics of Chinese cabbage. Among them，Dongchun Xiulv and Yuechun exhibited low bolting rates，short bolting height at harvest under different sowing dates，demonstrating excellent bolting resistance. Based on a comprehensive evaluation of all indicators，Dongchun Xiulv and Yuechun were selected as the recommended bolting-resistant fast-growing Chinese cabbage varieties.

Heiguan is a new F₁ hybrid of green stem vegetable derived from self-incompatible lines 160-3-3-6 and 254. This variety has a semi-erect，compact plant type with a swollen base，broad petioles，and good upright growth habit. It grows rapidly with a 30-40 d growth period. The leaves are tender green when planted in spring，and dark green when planted in autumn or winter. The leaf surface is smooth，the taste is soft，glutinous，sweet，and aromatic，and the commercial quality is excellent. Heiguan is resistant to downy mildew，viral diseases，anthracnose，and soft rot，with better field resistance than the control Degaoheixuanfeng. It is suitable for cultivation in Zhejiang，Jiangsu，Shanghai，Anhui，Henan，Hubei，and other ecologically similar regions.

To screen high-quality cabbage varieties suitable for cultivation in Zhejiang Province，this study systematically compared the agronomic traits，quality，and flavor of seven high-quality cabbage varieties. The results showed that there were differences in the growth period of the tested varieties，among which Zheyantianxin and Bolicui were early-maturing. Except for Bolicui，all other varieties were resistant to cracking. The single plant weight of Shuiguoganlan was the highest，the soluble sugar content of Zheyantianmei was the highest，and the soluble solid content and glucosinolate content of Jinqiu were the highest. In the taste evaluation，Zheyantianmei，Zheyantianxin，and Haoweilai had obvious sweetness，while the spiciness of Jinqiu was prominent. Correlation analysis showed that sweetness was positively correlated with soluble sugar content at p<0.01 level，while spiciness was positively correlated with glucosinolate content at p<0.001 level. Overall，Zheyantianxin and Zheyantianmei have excellent comprehensive quality and are suitable for promotion as early-maturing high-quality varieties. This study provides a reference for the selection and utilization of high-quality cabbage varieties in Zhejiang region.

In order to obtain new tetraploid asparagus germplasm，this study used diploid asparagus Jialu 1（2n = 20）as the experimental material，and treated the exposed white seeds of Jialu 1 with 0.2% colchicine（containing 2% DMSO）for 16，32 and 48 h，respectively，and identified the ploidy of the mutants by flow cytometry and morphological observation. The results showed that the tetraploid induction rates of the three treatments were greater than 10.00%. Among them，the induction effect of 0.2% colchicine treatment for 32 h was the best，with an induction rate of 15.67%. Compared with diploid plants，tetraploid asparagus plants exhibited morphological characteristics such as thicker stems，longer leaves，and shorter internodes. In terms of cytology，the stomata was enlarged，the stomatal density was reduced，the guard cells were enlarged，indicating that the tetraploid Jialu 1 asparagus plants had been successfully obtained，which could provide new germplasm for subsequent asparagus breeding.

Seed coating technology can effectively prevent and control seedling diseases and pests and promote high crop yield. This study used Zheluo No. 6 radish seeds as materials to evaluate the coating effect，seed germination characteristics and control effects on underground pests of six coating agents（chlorantraniliprole，difenoconazole·fludioxonil·thiamethoxam，imidacloprid，thiamethoxam，fludioxonil and Yingketai）. The results showed that fludioxonil and Yingketai had the best coating effect，and the radish seed germination rate was less affected. Chlorantraniliprole，imidacloprid and fludioxonil had the least inhibition effect on germination potential. Difenoconazole·fludioxonil·thiamethoxam，fludioxonil，thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole had more than 95% control effect on underground pests of radish. Overall，fludioxonil had the best comprehensive performance and was an ideal choice for radish seed coating.

To screen suitable fertilization rates for rice cultivation in mercury-contaminated soil，this study established nitrogen gradients ［N content：0（N₀），100 kg·hm^-2（N₁），200 kg·hm^-2（N₂），300 kg·hm^-2（N₃）］，phosphorus gradients ［P₂O₅ content：0（P₀），30 kg·hm^-2（P₁），60 kg·hm^-2（P₂），90 kg·hm^-2（P₃）］，and potassium gradients ［K?O content：0（K₀），75 kg·hm^-2（K₁），150 kg·hm^-2（K₂），225 kg·hm^-2（K₃）］ based on recommended application rates. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassium gradient fertilization on mercury uptake and accumulation in rice. The results showed that under nitrogen gradients，both the mercury content and accumulation amount in grains and straw initially increased and then decreased with increasing nitrogen application rate，reaching a maximum under the N₁ treatment. Compared with no phosphorus fertilizer，the P₁ and P₃ treatments significantly （p<0.05）increased mercury content in the straw，while no significant difference was observed between the P₂ and P₀ treatments. Under potassium gradients，the K₃ treatment resulted in the lowest accumulation amount of mercury in grains，straws，and aboveground parts. Therefore，it is recommended to adopt a nitrogen application rate of 300 kg·hm^-2，a phosphorus application rate of 60 kg·hm^-2，and a potassium application rate of 225 kg·hm^-2 for rice cultivation in mercury-contaminated soil. Furthermore，the interaction effects of nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassium fertilizers warrant further investigation.

To establish the regeneration system of indica rice Minghui 86，the mature seeds of Minghui 86 were used as materials，and five different mass concentrations of hormone culture media were designed for callus induction and proliferation. The callus induction rate of indica rice Minghui 86 in combination C ［1.0 mg·L^-1 6-benzyladenine （6-BA）+2.5 mg·L^-1 2，4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2，4-D）］ was the highest，reaching 92.3%，indicating that combination C was the best for callus induction of Minghui 86. On this basis，the callus of indica rice Minghui 86 was selected and six mass concentrations of glyphosate（0，100，200，300，400 and 500 mg·L^-1）were set up to screen the glyphosate resistance of callus. When the mass concentration of glyphosate was in the range of 300-400 mg·L^-1，the screening effect was best. Three more concentrations（300，350 and 400 mg·L^-1）were set，and the critical concentration was 300 mg·L^-1. The optimal hormone combination for callus induction and proliferation of indica rice Minghui 86 was found，which provided technical support for the development of glyphosate-resistant rice.

To clarify the comprehensive regulatory effects of planting density，combined with chemical and organic fertilizer application on maize yield in Karst regions，and to explore a green and high-yield approach for partial chemical fertilizer substitution by organic fertilizer，a field experiment was conducted in Mashan County，Guangxi，in 2025 using a five-factor quadratic orthogonal rotation design. The experimental factors included planting density（X?），chemical nutrients application rates（N：X?，P?O?：X?，K?O：X?）and organic fertilizer application rate（X?）.A regression model between maize yield and each factor was established. The main effects，single-factor effects and two-factor interaction effects were analyzed via the model，and the high-yield optimization scheme was obtained through optimization，followed by verification experiment and field demonstration. The results showed that the coefficient of determination （R2） of the established yield regression model was 0.890 4，indicating a good fit. The order of influence of each factor on yield was X₂>X₁>X₄>X₃>X₅. All single-factor effects presented parabolic changes，and the interaction effects between planting density and K₂O application rate，as well as between P₂O₅ application rate and K₂O application rate，were significant （p<0.05）. The optimized high-yield scheme for a yield exceeding 7 500 kg·hm^-2 was determined as follows：a planting density of 5.23×10⁴-5.35×10⁴ hm^-2，combined with the application of 242.6-258.0 kg·hm^-2 of N，85.5-105.8 kg·hm^-2 of P₂O₅，189.9-226.3 kg·hm^-2 of K₂O，and organic fertilizer（composted dry pig manure）at a rate of 3 848.6-4 776.4 kg·hm^-2. This model could reduce chemical fertilizer application by 6%-11%. The yields of the verification experiment and field demonstration reached 7 621.5 kg·hm^-2 and 7 543.6 kg·hm^-2， respectively，proving the feasibility of the scheme. This study identified the key regulatory factors and optimal configuration scheme for maize density-fertilizer coupling，achieving the synergistic goal of high yield and chemical fertilizer reduction. It provides reliable technical support for the large-scale green and high-yield cultivation of maize in Mashan County.

A field comparison experiment involving 30 rapeseed varieties was conducted at the Hangzhou Raw Seed Growing Farm from 2024 to 2025. Through systematic observation and comprehensive evaluation of indicators such as phenological period，agronomic traits，yield components，and stress resistance，varieties with high yield and strong stress resistance suitable for the ecological conditions of the Hangzhou region were screened out. The results showed that the growth period of the tested varieties ranged from 221 to 240 days，with most maturing in mid-May，which facilitates crop rotation. Significant differences were observed in economic traits；among them，the variety Zheyouza 808 achieved the highest yield of 247.24 kg per 667 m2，while varieties Yueyou 1203 and Yueyou 1510 also demonstrated excellent performance. All varieties exhibited good cold tolerance，with low incidences of sclerotinia rot，viral disease，and clubroot. Zhenongyou 8 and Zheyouza 59 showed superior lodging resistance. In summary，varieties such as Zheyouza 808，Yueyou 1203，and Yueyou 1510 performed outstandingly in terms of yield，stress resistance，and adaptability，making them suitable for promotion in Hangzhou and similar ecological regions. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for rapeseed variety selection and high-yield，high-efficiency cultivation practices in the Hangzhou area.

To investigate the effects of the sequential cropping model of dual-purpose oil and ornamental oilseed rape，sesame，and oil sunflower on crop yield，quality，and landscape timing，a field experiment was conducted from 2020 to 2021 at Zhang Xiagen Farm in Langxia Sub-district，Yuyao City，focusing on evaluating the performance of the "winter oilseed rape-summer sesame-autumn oil sunflower" cropping sequence in terms of light and temperature resource utilization，landscape continuity，and comprehensive benefits. The results indicated that this sequential cropping system successfully achieved effective continuous cultivation of oilseed rape（from October to May of the following year），sesame（from May to August），and oil sunflower（from August to November）. Among different oilseed rape varieties，Jinchenghua had the highest yield（1 950.98 kg·hm^-2）. The sesame variety WPE16 showed outstanding yield（1 137.50 kg·hm^-2），while the oil sunflower variety JY562 achieved a single-head yield of 41.49 g. The flowering periods of the three crops sequentially overlapped，creating a continuous landscape sequence of "spring blooms-summer spikes-autumn sunflowers"，which is suitable for integrated agro-tourism operations.

In order to screen new sweet potato varieties （lines） with high yield，good quality，and strong disease resistance suitable for the ecological conditions in Wenzhou，this study conducted a field comparative trial using Zheshu 13 as the control and evaluated six sweet potato varieties （lines），agronomic traits，resistance to basal rot，yield components，and quality indicators were measured. The results showed that the incidence rate of basal rot of all tested varieties （lines） was extremely significantly （p<0.01）lower than that of the control，with yield increases ranging from 10.52% to 30.96%. Among them，CP158 performed most prominently，with a 667 m2 yield of 3 125.67 kg，a yield increase of 30.96% compared with the control，the lowest incidence rate of basal rot （1.85%），and the highest total taste score （78.5 points），indicating optimal comprehensive traits. CH60 and Xiguahong ranked second and third in terms of yield，respectively. Fushu 604，Jishu 26 and CJ3056 showed moderate yields with high dry matter and starch rates，making them more suitable for starch processing. Correlation analysis revealed a highly significant negative correlation between yield and incidence rate of basal rot. In conclusion，CP158 and CH60 are suitable for promotion and cultivation as fresh-eating sweet potato varieties in Wenzhou，while the other varieties can be utilized differentially based on their variety characteristics.

Short-stemmed cherry is a specialty cherry species produced in Zhuji City，Zhejiang Province，which is rich in anthocyanin components. However，when cherry fruit was processed into juice products，its anthocyanins（primarily cyanidin-3-O-glucoside）were prone to degradation. Both λ-carrageenan and xanthan gum are considered as safe food additives. This study explored the stabilizing effects of λ-carrageenan and xanthan gum on the anthocyanins in short-stemmed cherry juice. It was found that both λ-carrageenan and xanthan gum could enhance the stability of anthocyanins in cherry juice，with λ-carrageenan demonstrating a more favorable effect. Molecular docking simulation results indicated that λ-carrageenan exhibited a stronger affinity towards cyanidin-3-O-glucoside，contributing to its more ideal stabilization effect. Therefore，it is practically feasible to employ λ-carrageenan as a food additive to stabilize the anthocyanin in cherry juice.

In this experiment，Hangzhou white Chrysanthemum with different flowering periods and inflorescence opening forms were used as research materials，and the contents of flavonoids，phenolic compounds and polysaccharides in Hangzhou white Chrysanthemum were evaluated. The dynamic changes of the chemical constituents and their correlation with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were discussed. The content of flavonoids and phenolic compounds，as well as their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities，were all higher in the bud stage than in other stages. The total phenolic content of unopened tubular flowers of Hangzhou white Chrysanthemum was 21.23 mg·g^-1，the total flavonoids content was 15.27 mg·g^-1，the scavenging abilities of DPPH and ABTS were 65.48 and 80.63 mg·g^-1，and the NO inhibition rate was 68.76%. Under the same flowering period，the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of Hangzhou white Chrysanthemum mostly showed the state of unopened> partially opened> fully opened；the polysaccharide content of Hangzhou white Chrysanthemum in bud stage was the lowest，and the polysaccharide content of Hangzhou white Chrysanthemum in late flowering stage was the highest，reaching 133.83 mg·g^-1. The samples were divided into three groups by cluster analysis and principal component analysis（PCA）：unopened samples at the bud stage and early flowering stage，together with partially opened samples at the bud stage，were classified into Group I. Partially opened and fully opened samples at the early flowering stage，together with unopened samples at the full flowering stage， were classified into Group Ⅱ. Partially opened and fully opened samples at the full flowering stage，as well as partially opened and fully opened samples at the late flowering stage，were classified into Group Ⅲ.Among them，luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide， luteoloside，isochlorogenic acid C，isochlorogenic acid A，and quercitrin were identified as the major differential compounds among Hangzhou white Chrysanthemum samples with different flowering stages and inflorescence opening forms. Correlation analysis results showed that phenolic and flavonoid compounds were closely correlated with the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Hangzhou white Chrysanthemum. Specifically， luteoloside and luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronic acid glycoside exhibited the strongest correlation with antioxidant activity，while cryptochlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid C demonstrated the highest correlation with anti-inflammatory activity. In conclusion，the contents of flavonoids，polyphenols and polysaccharides in Hangzhou white Chrysanthemum were affected by the flowering period and inflorescence form，and the contents of flavonoids and phenolic compounds were closely related to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

30 Hippeastrum cultivars were introduced as experimental materials and cultivated outdoors in Hangzhou with no protective measures during winter. Regular observations were conducted to screen cultivars suitable for open-field cultivation in this region. Using bulbs as explants，the effects of different ratios of plant hormone on adventitious bud induction and subculture proliferation of Hippeastrum were investigated. The results showed that Nanhai Puella，Double Dragon，Blossom Peacock，Alfresco，Amadeus and Dancing Queen six cultivars exhibited strong cold tolerance and were suitable for open-field cultivation in Hangzhou. The optimal medium for adventitious bud induction of Hippeastrum Alfresco was MS + 1.0 mg·L^-1 NAA + 2.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA + 3% sucrose + 5 g·L^-1 agar，while the optimal medium for subculture proliferation of Hippeastrum Alfresco was MS + 0.5 mg·L^-1 NAA+ 4.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA + 3% sucrose + 5 g·L^-1 agar. For Hippeastrum Double Dragon，the optimal medium for adventitious bud induction was MS + 2.0 mg·L^-1 NAA+ 2.5 mg·L^-1 6-BA + 3% sucrose + 5 g·L^-1 agar，and the optimal medium for subculture proliferation was MS + 0.5 mg·L^-1NAA+2.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA + 3% sucrose + 5 g·L^-1 agar.

Hippeastrum vittatum has high ornamental and economic value. This study systematically summarizes the research progress on the introduction and domestication，cross breeding，and tissue culture of Hippeastrum vittatum in China：（1）Hippeastrum vittatum has high ornamental value，strong adaptability，and is suitable for cultivation in most regions of China；（2）cross breeding is the main method for cultivating new varieties of Hippeastrum vittatum，and distant hybridization is expected to create novel hybrid offspring；（3）a wide variety of explants are available for rapid propagation via tissue culture，allowing selection based on specific objectives，with bulb scales attached to the bulb disc being the most widely used explant material. Currently，the development of the Hippeastrum vittatum industry in China still faces several limitations，primarily including：（1）a shortage of new varieties with independent intellectual property rights，and an over-reliance on a limited range of breeding methods；（2）incomplete and unsystematic tissue culture techniques，which result in low propagation efficiency；（3）a high dependence on imported bulbs. Therefore，breakthroughs in new varieties breeding and large-scale propagation techniques represent the main direction for future research and industrial development of Hippeastrum vittatum.

Microbial agents can effectively inhibit the propagation of pathogenic microorganisms，reduce crop diseases，improve crop yield and quality. However，their effects may vary among different varieties of the same crop. Therefore，the fermentation broth of Bacillus velezensis BR11 was used as a microbial agent in this study to investigate its effects on the growth and Fusarium wilt incidence of five small watermelon varieties，namely Jingcai 1，Jingcai 4，Jingmei 1K，Jingmei 2K，and Jingmei 3K. The results showed that the microbial agent significantly （p<0.05） promoted the main vine length and stem diameter growth of small watermelons at the seedling stage，vine-growing and flowering stage，fruit setting stage，and harvesting stage，with promoting effects observed across all five watermelon varieties. After application of the microbial agent，the chlorophyll content of each small watermelon varietie was significantly increased compared with the CK. The microbial agent exhibited significant biocontrol efficacy against Fusarium wilt in the five small watermelon varieties，with disease control rates of 38.78%?61.12%，respectively. The application of microbial agent significantly increased the single fruit weight，central sugar content，marginal sugar content，and yield per 667 m² for each small watermelon variety，with yield increase rates of 13.72%?26.15%. In conclusion，the tested microbial agent exhibits significant effects on growth promotion，disease control，yield increase，and quality improvement across small watermelon varieties.

This study investigated the control efficacy of Amblyseius cucumeris and chemical acaricides with different release frequencies and dosages against Tetranychus urticae Koch in pear orchards. The results demonstrated that Amblyseius cucumeris exhibited lower immediate control efficacy compared with chemical acaricides but demonstrated superior persistence. The 30-day control efficacy after two releases of Amblyseius cucumeris was superior to that of single releases of Amblyseius cucumeris and chemical acaricides. Under single-release conditions，the treatment with 2.250 million heads per hectare showed significantly （p<0.05） higher control efficacy at 15 and 30 days post-release compared to 1.125 million heads per hectare. When released twice，the combination of the first 2.250 million heads per hectare and the second 1.125 million heads per hectare showed no significant difference in control efficacy compared to both releases of 1.125 million heads per hectare. The experimental results indicated that staged release of Amblyseius cucumeriss combined with appropriate dosages demonstrated good efficacy in long-term control against Tetranychus urticae Koch in pear orchards，outperforming conventional chemical acaricides and showing promising application prospects.

This study investigated the effects of different fluridine application rates in greenhouse facilities on soil microbial environment and Chinese cabbage growth. Results demonstrated that fluridine exhibited antibacterial effects on soil microorganisms，particularly pronounced against actinomycetes and fungi，with a clear negative correlation between total soil microbial biomass and fluridine application rates. Fluridine application reduced the activity of soil urease，protease，and dehydrogenase，while enhancing phosphatase activity. Notably，a fluridine rate of 6.0 L·hm^-2 showed the most effective control of Chinese cabbage root swelling disease，followed by 3.0 and 4.5 L·hm^-2. As application rate of fluridine increased，Chinese cabbage yield exhibited a "initial increase followed by decline" trend，with the highest yield achieved at 1.5 L·hm^-2 treatment，showing a 22.2% increase compared with the control. In summary，the optimal fluridine application rate for greenhouse vegetables production is 1.5-3.0 L·hm^-2.

To study the control effect of biological pesticides on Spodoptera frugiperda on fresh maize in autumn in Zhejiang Province，using Zhenuoyu 18 and Hongtiannuo 18 as test materials，field experiments were carried out using four commercially available biological pesticides，namely Bt G033A，Mamestra brassicae nucleo polyhedrosis virus（MbNPV），Metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421，Beauveria bassiana，and one biological pesticide under development，Metarhizium anisopliae-Bacillus. The experiments included the application of biological pesticides alone，the combined application of biological pesticides，and the combined application of biological pesticides and chemical pesticides. The results showed that among the biological pesticides applied alone，MbNPV had the best control effect on 7 days after application（72.51%-81.90%），while the control effects of Bt G033A，Metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421，Beauveria bassiana，and Metarhizium anisopliae-Bacillus were relatively poor. When two biological pesticides were combined at half dose，Bt G033A showed a synergistic effect on MbNPV. When each of the five biological pesticides was combined with a half dose of broflanilide，all demonstrated good control efficacy，and the combined application reduced the amount of chemical pesticide by 50%. This study provides technical support for the control of Spodoptera frugiperda on fresh maize using biological pesticides and reduced chemical pesticide application.

To promote the experimental demonstration，popularization，and application of new varieties，new technologies，new cultivation models，and new products in the vegetable industry，and to accelerate the green transformation and upgrading of the vegetable industry，in conjunction with the relevant tasks of the Zhejiang New Melon and Vegetable Varieties Conference，a total of 27 fully biodegradable mulch film products with different thickness specifications and colors from 9 manufacturers were introduced. A demonstration experiment on spring cabbage covered with biodegradable mulch films was conducted. The results showed that the mulching effects of different biodegradable mulch films were generally consistent with those of ordinary PE mulch films，with no adverse effects on the growth and yield of cabbage，and the differences were not significant，indicating that they could meet the requirements of cabbage cultivation under film mulching. Compared with no mulching cultivation，film mulching could advance the growth period and increase the yield of cabbage.

To investigate the effects of biomass ash application on the physicochemical properties of tobacco-planting soil and the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco，a field experiment was conducted with five application levels of biomass ash：1 500（T1），3 000（T2），4 500（T3），6 000（T4），and 7 500 kg·hm^-2（T5），with no biomass ash application as the control（CK）. The study systematically analyzed the effects of biomass ash on the agronomic traits，economic traits，leaf yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco，and the physicochemical properties of planting soil. The results showed that applying biomass ash improved the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco at the mature stage，increased leaf width and maximum leaf area，thereby enhancing tobacco yield and output value. The application of biomass ash optimized the conventional chemical components of flue-cured tobacco. It increased the total sugar，reducing sugar，and potassium contents，as well as the potassium-to-chlorine ratio in middle leaves，while decreasing the chlorine content. Among the treatments，T3 and T4 performed the best，with reducing sugar content increased by 7.32% and 7.43%，and potassium content increased by 13.73% and 15.03%，respectively. For upper leaves，the contents of reducing sugar and potassium，along with the potassium-to-chlorine ratio，were also improved，while nicotine and nitrogen contents decreased. The sugar-to-nicotine ratio in treatments with medium to high biomass ash application rates（T2-T5）was significantly（p<0.05）increased. The quality of the tobacco-planting soil was effectively enhanced with the application of biomass ash. Based on the complete dataset，principal component analysis was used to calculate the soil quality index at the mature stage，revealing that the T3 treatment had the best improvement effect and could serve as an effective measure for soil improvement and fertility enhancement. In conclusion，during the tobacco planting process，the application of 4 500?6 000 kg·hm^-2 biomass ash can effectively increase the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco，improve the planting soil，and play a positive role in enhancing tobacco leaf yield and quality.

Azolla in regional water bodies plays an important role in maintaining the function of wetland ecosystem，material and energy cycles，and enhancing the self-purification capacity of water，but its excessive growth will reduce the wetland biodiversity，water quality and landscape benefits，threatening the function and structural stability of small wetland ecosystem. This paper reviews the comprehensive roles of Azolla in regional water bodies from the perspectives of resource utilization，environmental remediation，and ecosystem maintenance. In view of the overgrowth phenomenon of Azolla in small water bodies in southern China，the impacts of its massive proliferation and diffusion on regional water quality and landscape are summarized. Based on the growth，reproduction and distribution patterns of Azolla in regional water bodies and the influencing factors，this paper proposes ecosystem reconstruction and integrated regulation methods to prevent the excessive reproduction of Azolla，aiming to provide references for the comprehensive utilization and ecological control of Azolla.

Lactic acid bacteria are one of the most commonly used beneficial microorganisms in production practice. They are not only employed in the fermentation of agricultural products to enhance flavor and extend shelf life，but also exhibit various biological activities such as regulating intestinal flora，enhancing immunity，and inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria. In recent years，with growing public awareness of health，research on alternatives to chemical antibacterial agents and antibiotics has become a hot topic. Among these，the antibacterial metabolites produced by lactic acid bacteria have attracted considerable attention due to their high safety and efficacy. This article reviews recent global research progress on the types，preparation processes，and applications of antibacterial metabolites produced by lactic acid bacteria，and discusses future development trends.

Sex differentiation in cucumbers directly impacts their yield and quality. The study on sex differentiation in cucumbers is of significant importance for germplasm conservation，variety improvement，and elite seed breeding. Plant hormones play a crucial role in regulating cucumber flower bud sex differentiation and expression. For example，gibberellin can promote male expression. Auxin，abscisic acid，ethylene，and cytokinin can enhance female expression. Concurrently，with the advancement of omics technologies，multi-omics integrated analysis has become a powerful tool for investigating complex plant mechanisms. Significant progress has been made in plant sex differentiation research through transcriptomics and metabolomics. This review primarily summarized the regulatory roles of exogenous hormones like ethylene，auxin，gibberellin，cytokinin，and abscisic acid in cucumber sex differentiation，and the applications of transcriptomics and metabolomics in plant sex differentiation studies，so as to provide theoretical references for the in-depth study of sex differentiation in cucumbers and to offer a basis for sex regulation and high-yield and high-quality cultivation of cucumbers.