The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed advancing rural revitalization through a regional cluster approach. As a pioneering region in exploring and practicing rural regional cluster development, Zhejiang has achieved remarkable results by adhering to the concepts, methods, and mechanisms embodied in the “Green Rural Revival Program”. By reviewing the overall practice of rural regional cluster development in Zhejiang, this paper analyzes the effective starting point of comprehensive land improvement across the province and the strong driving force for the development of its mountainous and island counties. It offers insights and suggestions for further advancing regional cluster development, including applying the concepts, methods, and mechanisms of the “Green Rural Revival Program”, optimizing the top-level design of regional cluster development, and actively promoting the new “trinity” model of attracting young talent back to rural areas, enhancing rural operations, and achieving rural prosperity and farmer enrichment.

Seed industry enterprises are the mainstay of the seed industry. Supporting the development of leading enterprises is an important part of the seed industry revitalization action. This paper outlined the development status of crop seed industry enterprises in Zhejiang Province, covering aspects such as business operations, research and development capabilities and major support policies for seed industry enterprises. We summarized the advantages and main problems in the development of crop seed industry enterprises in Zhejiang Province, and proposed policy recommendations to support these enterprises, including enhancing their breeding research and market promotion capabilities, cultivating them through category, and facilitating their oversea expansion to provide important references for further promoting seed industry revitalization.

To investigate the effects of photovoltaic array shading in agrivoltaic system on wheat yield, grain quality, and processing quality, a field experiment was conducted using the wheat cultivar Huaimai-33. Five treatments were applied: single-row adjacent panels (T1), single-row panels with east-west intervals (T2), double-row panels with east-west intervals and north-south adjacency (T3), double-row panels with intervals in both east-west and north-south directions (T4), and a control without photovoltaic panels (CK). The results showed that compared with CK, wheat yields under the four shading treatments were significantly (p<0.05) decreased by 35.34%, 30.08%, 19.05%, and 28.57% for T1 to T4, respectively, with the T3 treatment maintaining over 80% of the CK yield. In terms of quality, the T3 treatment performed optimally. Integrated assessment of agricultural and power generation benefits confirmed T3 as the optimal scenario. In summary, the T3 layout supports green, efficient, and stable wheat production in agrivoltaic systems, effectively balancing agricultural and photovoltaic power generation benefits, and provides a theoretical basis for the planning and design of wheat production in photovoltaic bases in Jiangsu Province.

In order to investigate the effects of exogenous choline chloride on the growth and physiological characteristics of wheat seedlings under drought stress, Huaimai 35 and Zhengmai 9023 were selected as materials. The pot experiment method was adopted, and a 15% PEG-6000 solution was regularly irrigated to simulate a drought environment. 400 mg·L^-1 choline chloride was sprayed on the leaves to treat the wheat seedlings. The alleviating effects of choline chloride on the growth and physiological characteristics of wheat seedlings under drought stress were analyzed. The results showed that under drought stress, the growth and development of wheat seedlings were inhibited. There were significant decreases in the number of tillers, leaves, roots, the longest root length and water content, and the root-shoot ratio significantly increased. Meanwhile, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), as well as the contents of proline and malondialdehyde (MDA), were significantly increased. After treatment with 400 mg·L^-1 choline chloride, the activities of SOD, POD, and catalase (CAT) in wheat seedlings under drought stress were significantly increased, the scavenging ability of reactive oxygen species was greatly enhanced. Meanwhile, the content of MDA was significantly reduced, the content of proline was significantly increased, and the osmotic regulation ability of plants was strengthened. In terms of external morphology, it was manifested as a significant increase in the number of tillers, leaves, the longest root length, water content and a significant decrease in root-shoot ratio. The above results indicated that choline chloride can effectively alleviate the adverse effects of drought stress on the growth of wheat seedlings.

With the rapid development of modern agriculture, the demand for high-quality rice production and consumption has been increasingly growing, becoming an urgent requirement for the current rice industry development. This study employed principal component analysis (PCA) to comprehensively evaluate 12 quality indicators of 31 japonica rice varieties from Shangyu region of Zhejiang Province, and utilized cluster analysis for systematic classification. The results showed that there were significant differences in various quality indicators among different japonica rice varieties in Shangyu, with varying degrees of correlation observed between indicators. Among them, the coefficients of variation for chalkiness degree and chalky grain rate were the highest across all quality indicators, and amylose content showed a highly significant positive correlation with chalky grain rate. The four principal components extracted by PCA reflected appearance quality, processing quality, nutritional quality, and eating/cooking quality, respectively, providing an effective basis for comprehensively evaluating the quality of different rice varieties. Comprehensive analysis revealed that Nangeng 46, Xiushui 1717, and Jia 67 performed excellently in multiple quality indicators, ranking in the top three overall. Furthermore, cluster analysis divided the 31 varieties into three groups and the 12 indicators into three groups, with significant correlations observed between variety clustering and quality indicator clustering. This study establishes a reliable technical foundation for rice quality assessment, systematic evaluation, and scientific classification.

Since July 2021, Puyang City has been affected by multiple rounds of heavy rainfall and other factors, resulting in a general delay of about 15 days in wheat sowing. Late-sowing wheat accounts for a large proportion of the area. Through investigation and analysis of tillering, population, yield, and input-output ratio of late-sowing wheat in Wusizhuang Village, Fanxian County, Puyang City, this study explores remedial measures suitable for promoting weak seedling wheat growth in Puyang City, and identifies economically reasonable nitrogen fertilizer application rates to balance agricultural input costs and actual output. Therefore, a late sowing wheat input-output ratio experiment was conducted in Puyang City. The experimental results showed that late sowing had a significant impact on the number of spikes, number of grains per spike, 1 000 grain weight, and yield of wheat. In practical production, late sowing should be avoided as much as possible. In case of human uncontrollable factors causing late sowing, 187.5-247.5 kg·hm^-2 urea and 75 kg·hm^-2 diammonium phosphate can be applied during the greening period, and 307.5 kg·hm^-2 urea can be applied during the jointing period to increase the number of spikes, number of grains per spike, and 1 000 grain weight of late-sowing weak wheat seedling, thereby improving wheat yield and increasing income.

Sowing time and seedling age are the significant factors influencing early rice yield. This study utilized the early indica rice variety Yongxian 980 as the experimental material to investigate the impact of seedling age on the yield of Yongxian 980. A total of four seedling age(20, 25, 30, and 35 days) treatments were implemented. The results showed that there were significant differences in plant height and leaf age of seedlings at different ages, but no significant differences were observed throughout the overall growth period. In terms of yield traits, although the 35-day-old treatment increased the number of tillers, it also reduced the number of effective panicles. Moreover, the panicle formation rate, total grain number per spike and yield were all lower than those of other treatments. The 20-day-old treatment had a relatively small impact on the main agronomic traits of rice. However, due to the short seedlings, they were prone to frost damage and waterlogging after planting. Overall, the transplanting seedling age of Yongxian 980 was preferably 25 to 30 days. This study provides a theoretical basis for the selection of sowing time and the promotion and application of Yongxian 980 in Jinhua City.

Zheqiu 6, a new autumn soybean cultivar, was developed by Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, using conventional hybridization breeding methods. It was approved by the Zhejiang Provincial Committee for the Approval of Major Crop Varieties in 2023, with the approval number Zheshendou 2023005. This cultivar is characterized by high yield, strong resistance, and superior quality. Zheqiu 6 features elliptical seeds with yellow seed coats and brown hilums, and exhibits a determinate growth habit. Its average growth period is 100.7 d, with a plant height of 93.8 cm, 17.6 main stem nodes, 2.6 effective branches per plant, 51.6 effective pods per plant, 1.9 seeds per pod, and a 100-seed weight of 27.0 g. The grain contains 42.3% protein and 20.7% oil. For disease resistance, artificial inoculation tests showed that Zheqiu 6 was highly resistant to both SC15 and SC18 strains of soybean mosaic virus in 2021, and resistant to both strains in 2022; for anthracnose, it showed resistance in 2021 and moderate resistance in 2022. Regarding yield performance, Zheqiu 6 achieved an average yield of 191.2 kg per 667 m² in the 2021-2022 Zhejiang Provincial Regional Trials for autumn soybean, and 177.5 kg per 667 m² in the 2022 Zhejiang Provincial Production Trials for autumn soybean.

Lilium lancifolium Thunb. is a special type of lily used in the Yuntai Mountains of Lianyungang. Due to thefts by nearby residents and gnawing by cattle and sheep, the species are on the verge of extinction. In order to establish a rapid breeding technology system, this study used scales of Lilium lancifolium Thunb. as explants. It was found that the disinfection treatment of treating scales with 75% ethanol for 30 seconds and 2% NaClO for 10 minutes was more appropriate. The appropriate culture medium for induction of adventitious buds was MS+45 g·L^-1 sucrose +0.1 mg·L^-1NAA + 1.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA. The appropriate culture medium for rooting of adventitious buds was MS+0.3 mg·L^-1NAA.

This experiment investigated the effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield of Zizania latifolia Turcz. and its rhizosphere environment. The results showed that the application of Yuanqi microbial agent (YQ2 treatment) achieved the best effect, with a yield of 935.63 kg per 667 m², representing 24.2% higher than that of conventional fertilization (NPK treatment). The application of various microbial fertilizers had varying effects on nutrient uptake in Zizania latifolia Turcz., soil physical and chemical properties, and total nitrogen concentration in field surface water. Nutrient contents in Zizania latifolia Turcz. followed the pattern of “the highest in fleshy stem, followed by stems and leaves, and the lowest in the roots.” Although fertilization had a certain effect on nutrient uptake, there was no obvious regularity. As the growth period of Zizania latifolia Turcz. was delayed, soil pH value and organic matter content increased, while available phosphorus, available potassium, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen contents in the soil decreased. Fertilization rapidly increased the total nitrogen concentration of field surface water, while application of Senjing compound microbial agent (SJ treatment) had the highest efficiency in reducing it.

In recent years, facility cultivation of pitaya has developed rapidly in Zhejiang Province. However, protected cultivation in the winter and spring seasons in Zhejiang Province is still affected by unfavorable factors such as low temperature and weak light, which often leads to low photosynthetic rate and seriously affects the commercialization of pitaya and the economic benefits of farmers. In this study, the pitaya cultivar Hongshuijing was used as the research material, and three different concentration treatments of a novel photosynthesis promoter (TiO₂) were set up along with a control group. When the fruits ripened, the external physical properties and quality properties of pitaya were determined. The results showed that dilution of 1 500 times treatment exhibited the best effect in improving the appearance and physical properties (single fruit weight, fruit longitudinal diameter, and fruit transverse diameter) of pitaya. Both the dilution of 1 500 times and 1 000 times treatments had good effects on improving the quality properties (vitamin C content, soluble sugar content, soluble solid-acid ratio, soluble solid content) of pitaya fruits. In general, TiO₂ had significant effects on the quality of pitaya, among which the dilution of 1 500 times treatment showed the best effect. The results of this study will provide new theoretical and practical references for pitaya cultivation in Zhejiang Province.

Citrus tetraploid resources can provide new germplasm for triploid hybrid parents and stock genetic improvement. In this study, a simple method was established to accurately explore citrus tetraploid, which involves densely sowing diploid citrus seeds in a vermiculite substrate to germinate and form seedlings. After the seedlings have fully developed their fibrous roots, the plants with significantly short and thick fibrous roots are observed with the naked eye as tetraploid citrus. By using this method, we screened 8, 6, 8, 7, 4 and 1 putative tetraploids respectively from 616, 354, 476, 536, 648 and 289 seedlings of Citrus aurantium cv. Goutoucheng, Citrus aurantium cv. Changshanhuyou, Citrus paradisi Macf., Citrus sinensis×Poncirus trifoliata, Poncirus trifoliata Raf., Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Succosa. All the tetraploids were confirmed by flow cytometry, and the screening accuracy rate of morphological characteristics reached 100%. The tetraploid population detection rates of the above six varieties were 1.30%, 1.69%, 1.68%, 1.30%, 0.62% and 0.35%, respectively. This method has a high detection rate and is easy to operate, which achieves 100% screening accuracy and completes the work of tetraploid breeding without the condition of ploidy identification instrument.

This article elaborated on the production management technology, nutrient cycling relationship, and role in improving the ecological environment of the “bayberry-tea-chicken-bee” in the ancient bayberry-tea tree composite cultivation system in Xianju. The aim is to promote the compound planting and breeding system model, achieve dual control of fertilizer and medicine, and enhance ecological efficiency, and provide reference for other main production areas for bayberry to improve the quality and income of compound planting and breeding.

In the warm, humid, and rainy growing season of pear trees in southern China, especially during the continuous overcast and rainy days of the plum rain season, pear orchards experience prolonged waterlogging. This leads to persistently high soil moisture levels, reduced soil porosity, and insufficient oxygen content, resulting in anaerobic stress for the pear tree roots, impaired respiration, decreased mineral nutrient absorption capacity, and inadequate above-ground nourishment. As a result, leaf yellowing occurs along with growth inhibition, ultimately reducing fruit yield and quality. To analyze the effect of waterlogging on the nutrient uptake of pear trees, mineral element content was measured and comparatively analyzed in the leaves of pear trees from waterlogged orchards, including both tolerant and sensitive types, as well as from non-waterlogged orchards. Additionally, the mineral element content in the root zone soil of waterlogged and non-waterlogged pear orchards was also measured and compared. The results showed that under waterlogging stress, the nitrogen and manganese contents in the leaves of waterlogging sensitive pear trees were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of waterlogging tolerant pear trees and non-waterlogged pear trees, but the potassium and boron contents were significantly increased. There was no corresponding relationship between the difference in mineral element content of pear leaves and the difference in mineral element content of root zone soil between pear orchards affected by waterlogging and those without waterlogging. Spraying mancozeb can significantly increase the manganese content in the pear leaves affected by waterlogging.

To study the fruit thinning effect of chemical fruit thinning agents on early maturing common peaches, Baifeng peaches were used as materials. Different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), naphthylacetic acid (NAA), and ethephon were applied at the initial stage of fruit setting, and indicators such as fruit retention rate and fruit quality were measured. The results showed that the application of 0.1-0.3 g·L^-1 6-BA and 0.01-0.03 g·L^-1 NAA could effectively reduce the fruit retention rate of Baifeng peaches, without affecting single fruit weight, fruit shape index, fruit firmness, and soluble solidscontent. After treatment with 6-BA, the fruit drop rate was rapid and in large quantities, while after treatment with NAA, the fruit drop rate was relatively moderate. 0.02 g·L^-1 NAA had the best effect at the initial stage of fruit setting. Ethephon at a low concentration (0.3 g·L^-1) led to significant fruit drop, while higher concentrations (0.4 and 0.5 g·L^-1) resulted in complete fruit drop, indicating an extreme phenomena. The screening of suitable chemical fruit thinning agents and concentrations provides a reference for fruit thinning treatment of early maturing peach varieties.

Based on the introduction and cultivation experiments of Tainong 1 and Qinmi 9 passion fruit varieties in Yongkang City, Zhejiang Province, this paper conducted analyses on the growth characteristics, fruit yield, and nutritional components of the two passion fruit varieties to assess their potential for cultivation in the local area. The results of many years of introduction experiments showed that when planted in open-air fields, it was advisable to use the cuttings of Tainong 1, and when planted in greenhouse facilities, it was advisable to use the cuttings of Tainong 1 and Qinmi 9, which can achieve high yields. While the seedlings of Tainong 1 and Qinmi 9 had lower yields in open-air fields and greenhouse facilities. Overall, the two passion fruit varieties performed well in Yongkang City, Zhejiang Province, and their fruit quality showed no significant difference from the original place(Yulin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region), bringing good economic and nutritional benefits. This research provided a scientific basis for the further promotion of Tainong 1 and Qinmi 9 passion fruit varieties in Yongkang City and its surrounding areas.

Brassinolide compounds are excellent plant growth regulators characterized by promoting fruit crop growth and development, enhancing fruit quality, and being environmentally friendly. They have broad application prospects in the cultivation and production of fruit crops. As their application becomes more widespread, it is necessary to conduct safety assessments. However, due to their low residues in fruit crops and the complexity of fruit matrices, quantitative analysis poses significant challenges. Therefore, selecting reasonable and efficient detection techniques is of great significance. This article provided an overview of the application and detection techniques of brassinolide plant growth regulators in fruit crops, aiming to serve as a reference for future study.

Plant growth and development is a complex process orchestrated by a multitude of endogenous and exogenous factors. As key components of plant metabolism, low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) play an indispensable role in regulating plant growth and development, responding to environmental stresses, and promoting nutrient absorption. In recent years, the rapid development of molecular biology, physio-ecology, and metabolomics has led to a deepening understanding of the functional mechanisms of LMWOAs. Studies have shown that these organic acids directly or indirectly affect the growth performance of plants by affecting the root structure, nutrient uptake, and response to both abiotic and biotic stresses. This review summarizes the current research progress on the effects of LMWOAs on plant growth and development and discusses their potential application prospects.

In order to analyze genetic and variation characteristics of leaf quantitative traits in Chrysanthemum morifolium, Jinba×Fucashi cross combination and F₁ offspring population were selected, 19 quantitative traits (eg. leaf length, leaf width) and 12 structural parameters of leaf were measured and statistically analyzed. The results showed that the leaf morphology was widely separated in the F₁ offspring population, with diverse changes in variation coefficient in 19 quantitative traits and 12 structural parameters of leaf. The variation coefficient of length of upper left lobe was the highest (37.72%), the variation coefficient of location of the widest part of the leaf/leaf length was the lowest (10.79%). The variation coefficient for the lobe length in the four orientations (upper left, lower left, upper right, and lower right) was greater than the variation coefficient for the corresponding lobe width and the leaf vein length, while the variation coefficient of lobe length/lobe width in four orientations (upper left, lower left, upper right, lower right) was greater than the variation coefficient of the corresponding lobe length/leaf vein length. The average values of leaf length/leaf width, apical lobe length/leaf length, apical lobe length/apical lobe width, and lobe length/lobe width in lower right in the F₁ offspring population showed a certain decreasing trend compared with the median of the parents. There was an extremely significant positive correlation between leaf length and the location of the widest part of the leaf (correlation coefficient was 0.815), and an extremely significant negative correlation between leaf length and petiole length/leaf length (correlation coefficient was -0.532). The results provided a theoretical basis for analysis of leaf genetic traits and breeding of new varieties of Chrysanthemum morifolium.

To study the influencing factors of Pinus parviflora cutting, the branch of minitype P. parviflora Aurea was used as material. The effects of cutting types, propagation substrates, varieties and mass concentrations of growth regulators, and application methods of growth regulators on root development were investigated. The result indicated that the best method to promote rooting in cuttings of P. parviflora Aurea was to use semi-woody cuttings treated with 200 mg·L^-1 indole-3-butyric acid(IBA), or to dip the cuttings in 1 500 mg·L^-1 IBA and took cuttings in the substrate mixture of peat soil, yellow soil, and perlite in a mass ratio of 2∶1∶2.

As an extremely important pest species in the citrus industry of Lishui City, Bactrocera dorsalis has been raging all year round, seriously affecting the quality of citrus fruits and causing a significant reduction in orchard yields. In order to explore green prevention and control methods for Bactrocera dorsalis in Lishui City and obtain a synergistic, efficient, and economically effective green prevention and control method for Bactrocera dorsalis, this demonstration experiment evaluated two green prevention and control methods(Tephritidae adhesive board and Tephritidae food attractant) for Bactrocera dorsalis in the citrus orchard in Lishui City. The results showed that applying the Tephritidae adhesive board in the initial occurrence period of Bactrocera dorsalis can effectively reduce the number of male Bactrocera dorsalis and indirectly affect the mating of male and female adult Bactrocera dorsalis. And the application of Tephritidae food attractant in the peak spawning period of Bactrocera dorsalis can effectively control the population number of Bactrocera dorsalis, especially the female Bactrocera dorsalis, reducing the damage caused by egg-laying. This demonstration experiment has a prevention and control effect on Bactrocera dorsalis of up to 86.61%, providing a scientific reference for the promotion and application of green prevention and control technologies for Bactrocera dorsalis in Lishui City.

Apple leaf diseases can seriously affect the production capacity and quality of apples. Accurate identification of diseases is of great significance for effective prevention and control and reducing losses. The lesions of apple leaf diseases vary in size and are distributed in complex and diverse positions on the leaves. Moreover, they are disturbed by the complex background in the natural environment, which leads to problems such as difficulty in identifying leaf diseases and low accuracy. Based on this, this paper proposed an apple leaf disease recognition model (Efficient-BEANet) that improved EfficientNetV2 based on the attention mechanism. Firstly, this study proposed a high-speed dual-channel normalization (BCET) method and established the connection between batch normalization (BN) and layer normalization (LN) methods, enabling the model to integrate feature information of multiple scales and thereby improve the problem of difficult identification of small lesions. Meanwhile, this model was combined with the enhanced linear transformation to accelerate the convergence speed of the model. In addition, by designing a multi-scale shared attention mechanism (ESCA), the correlation between the features of the two dimensions of space and channel was established. Through automatic learning of the features of diseases, the representation of important features was enhanced, and the areas where disease spots appear were given special attention. Finally, by extracting multi-level shared channel features, greater weights were adaptively assigned to important features, and information unrelated to the disease was suppressed, with the aim of effectively improving the problems of false detection and missed detection caused by the irregular spatial distribution of disease spots and the interference of complex backgrounds. The experimental results showed that the accuracy of the improved model on the validation set reached 93.32%, which was increased by 3.49 percentage points compared with the original model, and can be used for the effective identification of apple leaf diseases.

This study aimed to investigate the driving mechanisms of meteorological factors on the population dynamics of major early rice pests (Chilo suppressalis, rice planthoppers, and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) in the Zengcheng area, to provide a theoretical basis for regional precision pest control. During the early rice growing season (March-July) of 2024-2025, smart pest forecasters and microclimate monitoring stations were deployed in Zhucun Sub-district, Zengcheng District, Guangzhou City, to systematically monitor pest population numbers and ten meteorological factors, enabling an in-depth analysis of their relationships. The results revealed significant interannual divergence in the population dynamics of all three pests. Chilo suppressalis exhibited a substantially higher outbreak intensity in 2025, with its first peak occurring 7 days earlier, a 2.79-fold increase in abundance, and the highest peak surging 11.06-fold with a duration prolonged by 5 days compared with 2024. Rice planthoppers displayed a “peak inversion” pattern: the early peak abundance in 2025 decreased by 70.63%, the outbreak was delayed until the wax-ripening stage, and the peak value increased by 17.35 times compared with 2024. Cnaphalocrocis medinalis showed an overall population decrease of 69.83% in 2025, and its first population peak shifted 12 days earlier to the late tillering stage. The outbreaks of all three pests were regulated by specific meteorological cascade effects. Specifically, the “low-baseline, high-outbreak” interannual pattern of Chilo suppressalis was primarily driven by the synergistic effects of extreme temperature events and precipitation variability; the “annual peak inversion” of rice planthoppers was controlled by the synergistic interaction between precipitation patterns and wind speed thresholds; and the “marked interannual differences” in Cnaphalocrocis medinalis populations were mainly driven by extreme temperature thresholds and synergistic interactions among high temperature, rainfall, and wind. Based on these findings, we recommend that precision pest control practices for early rice in Zengcheng prioritize monitoring the trends of meteorological factors highly correlated with specific pests and conduct comprehensive analyses of the dynamic evolution of key synergistic meteorological factors, thereby optimizing the timing strategies for precision pest control in the Zengcheng rice area.

Pest infestation in open fields has long been a critical factor constraining the high-quality development of China's vegetable industry. Timely and effective pest early warning is of great significance for ensuring vegetable production safety. This study established a yellow sticky trap dataset featuring 5 common vegetable pests, including Bemisia tabaci, Bactrocera tau, Hymenia recurvalis, Phyllotreta striolata, and Cicadellidae by collecting field data using a “field+darkbox” imaging approach. Based on this dataset, YOLO-series models were trained and compared for pest detection performance. The results showed that YOLOv11s performed the best, achieving a mean average precision (mAP50) of 0.973. The trained model was deployed as a WeChat Mini Program called “PhenoAI”, providing the public with pest identification services and offering a more practical technical solution for field pest control.

Histone H3K4 methylation (H3K4me) is one of the core mechanisms of epigenetic regulation. It dynamically modifies chromatin structure and is widely involved in the interaction between fungi and plants. This paper reviewed the molecular mechanisms of H3K4 methylation, including the dynamic equilibrium network mediated by KMT2 family transmethylase and JmjC/LSD demethylases. It also focused on the effects of H3K4 methylation on fungal growth and development, secondary metabolites production, pathogenicity, and environmental adaptability through fungal gene expression regulation. Future research needs to further elucidate the functions of H3K4 methylation in plant symbiotic fungi and explore its synergistic regulatory networks with other epigenetic modifications, which will provide a theoretical basis for the development of epigenetic-targeted disease control strategies and the exploitation of fungal secondary metabolites.

Spreading is the first key process in the processing of Longjing tea, and is the cornerstone of the good flavor quality formation of Longjing tea. In this study, Longjing tea was processed using four different spreading methods: “traditional room temperature” spreading (CK), “room temperature+refrigeration+room temperature” variable temperature spreading(V1), “room temperature+refrigeration+freezing+room temperature” variable temperature spreading (V2), and “room temperature+freezing+room temperature” variable temperature spreading (V3). Through comparative analysis of sensory quality and flavor chemical contents, as well as the correlation between sensory evaluation scores and flavor chemical contents, the effect of variable temperature spreading treatment on the flavor quality of Longjing tea was explored. The results showed that the sensory evaluation scores of Longjing tea processed by V1, V2, and V3 were higher than those of CK. The V1, V2, and V3 had better qualities than CK in terms of flatness and uniformity in appearance, brightness in soup, aroma persistence, and mellow taste. Moreover, the sensory quality of Longjing tea processed by V3 was relatively the best. The contents of tea polyphenols, water extracts, catechins in V1, V2, and V3 was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in CK, while those in V3 was significantly higher than those in V1 and V2, which was consistent with the trend of changes in sensory evaluation scores. The contents of free amino acids in V2 and V3 was significantly higher than that in CK and V1. The caffeine content of V1, V2, and V3 was significantly higher than that of CK, while there was no significant difference in caffeine content among V1, V2, and V3. Compared with CK, V1, V2, and V3 had higher contents of EGCG, EGC, and GCG, while V1, V2, and V3 had lower contents of ECG, CG. Compared with CK and V1, V2 and V3 had higher contents of EC, C, and GC. The GC,EGCG,C,EC,free amino acids, tea polyphenols, and water extracts were the main flavor quality contributing substances of Longjing tea. Freezing had a greater effect on the flavor quality of Longjing tea after spreading than refrigeration. The variable temperature spreading process has significantly improved the flavor and quality of Longjing tea, providing technical support and theoretical basis for the formation and regulation of Longjing tea quality research.

In order to investigate the effects of tea addition methods on the quality of Longjing wheat tea beer, this study compared the effects of two tea addition methods, high-temperature tea extraction (Group B) and low-temperature tea extraction (Group C), on beer sugar content, pH value, alcohol content, various catechin content, caffeine content, and sensory quality using wheat beer without tea addition (Group A) as the control. The results indicated that adding tea had no effect on sugar content, pH value, and alcohol content during beer fermentation. The total catechin contents of Group B was the highest, reaching 229.8 mg·L^-1, which was 99.9- and 1.2- folds that of Group A and Group C, respectively. No caffeine was detected in Group A, while Group B had the highest caffeine content, reaching 19.5 mg·L^-1, which was 2.6-folds that of Group C. In terms of sensory quality, the group C samples scored the highest in aroma, taste, and tea flavor, with malt flavor second only to the group A samples. Therefore, adding tea can increase the type of catechins, increase the total catechin contents and caffeine content in beer, and low-temperature tea extraction is more conducive to improving the sensory quality of Longjing wheat tea beer. The results of this study provide reference for the preparation and quality improvement of tea beer products.

In order to establish a convenient and efficient tagging technique for Acrossocheilus fasciatus to support its breeding practice and evaluate the enhancement and releasing effects, this study employed visible implant elastomer (VIE) to conduct short-term comparative trials on the effects of different VIE colors and fish sizes. The impact of tagging on the short-term growth of juvenile fish was also assessed. The results showed that the 30-day survival rates of juveniles with total lengths of (4.43±0.13) cm and (6.32±0.15) cm both exceeded 95% (98.0% and 99.5%, respectively), and the tag retention rates in both groups were 100%. However, the red VIE tags were clearer and easier to recognize with the naked eye than the green tags. Under the same rearing conditions, the 30-day survival rate, tag retention rate, and specific growth rate (SGR) of the red VIE-tagged group [with a total length of (4.43±0.13) cm] were 96.50%, 100%, and (1.17±0.16)%·d^-1, respectively. No significant difference in SGR was observed between the tagging group and the control group (p>0.05). This study confirms that VIE tagging is an effective and applicable method for individual marking of A. fasciatus juveniles, with no adverse effects on their growth or survival.

In this study, the effects of microalgal powder substitution for live microalgae at a ratio of 0, 50% and 100% (denoted as the 100% live microalgae group, 50% microalgae powder group, and 100% microalgae powder group, respectively) on large-scale nursery of mudflat shellfish were investigated using planktonic larvae of Tegillarca granosa and Meretrix meretrix, and juveniles of Ruditapes philippinarum. The results showed that during the cultivation of Tegillarca granosa planktonic larvae, starting from day 12, the shell length in the 100% microalgae powder group was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that in the 50% microalgae powder group and the 100% live microalgae group, with no significant difference between the latter two groups. No significant differences in shell length were observed among the three groups during the rearing of Meretrix meretrix planktonic larvae. For Ruditapes philippinarum juveniles, the survival rate of both the 100% live microalgae group and the 50% microalgae powder group was significantly higher than that of the 100% microalgae powder group, with no significant difference between the former two groups. In conclusion, microalgae powder is a viable substitute for live microalgae in the artificial large-scale rearing of these three mudflat shellfish species, with the 50% substitution ratio demonstrating better applicability.

With the rapid development of ecological agriculture and the growing consumer demand for high-quality food, under-forest chicken farming, as a typical ecological circular agriculture model, plays a significant role in advancing rural revitalization and increasing farmers' incomes. Compared with traditional intensive farming systems, under-forest chicken farming demonstrates remarkable eco-friendly characteristics. It not only optimizes the utilization of forest resources and promotes a positive ecological cycle but also enhances the flavor and nutritional value of chicken meat and eggs. This paper summarizes the flavor and nutritional quality characteristics of under-forest chicken products, identifies the key factors affecting their quality, and proposes solutions to address the main challenges in industrial development. These findings aim to provide a robust theoretical foundation for the high-quality development of under-forest chicken farming.

Slope protection projects have attracted much attention in recent years. Ecological slope protection based on herbaceous plants such as Medicago sativa L. has gradually become the first choice for slope protection projects. Based on the collected direct shear test data of Medicago sativa L. roots, the correlation between root area ratio (RAR) and the increase of soil cohesion (Δc/c₀) and the increase of internal friction angle (Δφ/φ₀) was preliminarily discussed by correlation analysis method. The finite element software PLAXIS 3D was used to simulate the slope, and the variation law of slope safety factor and total displacement under different RAR was studied. The results showed that Medicago sativa L. can increase the cohesive force of the slope and thus effectively reinforce the slope and improve the stability of the slope, and there was an optimal root area ratio of 0.3%. At this time, the root system had the best reinforcement effect on the slope soil. This study can provide reference for ecological soil reinforcement of shallow slope.

This study took rhizosphere soil as the research object, and set up Brassica campestris var. parachinensis rotation and non-rotation treatments to analyze the changes in soil organic matter content, soil available phosphorus content, soil microbial biomass phosphorus (SMBP) content, soil acid phosphatase activity, and soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) content during the rotation cycle. Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between each indicator. The results showed that the organic matter content, available phosphorus content, SMBP content, and acid phosphatase activity in rhizosphere soil of the Brassica campestris var. parachinensis-maize rotation treatment were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the non-rotation treatment during the crop planting period, while the SMBC/SMBP ratio was lower than that of the non-rotation treatment, with a ratio below 30. Soil available phosphorus content was extremely significantly (p<0.01) positively correlated with SMBP content, soil acid phosphatase activity, SMBC content, and soil organic matter content with correlation coefficients of 0.869, 0.815, 0.611, and 0.441, respectively. However, it was significantly negatively correlated with SMBC/SMBP ratio and soil pH value, with correlation coefficients of -0.397 and -0.850, respectively. Rotation significantly activated soil phosphorus cycling, promoted crop utilization of phosphorus in the soil, achieved balanced-nutrient absorption, and balanced agricultural production and soil cultivation.

The quality of cultivated land is directly related to food security and the long-term stability of the country. It is necessary to clarify the spatial-temporal variation patterns and distribution characteristics of cultivated land quality and explore the key factors for improving cultivated land quality. This paper takes Tongxiang City as the research area. Based on the evaluation of the survey data on the change of cultivated land quality from 2017 to 2020, the spatial-temporal variation trend of local cultivated land quality is simulated through Bayesian maximum entropy, and the key driving factors for the improvement of cultivated land quality are analyzed from the perspective of spatial-temporal variation through geographically weighted regression. The results show that the quality of cultivated land in Tongxiang City has steadily improved in recent years. By 2020, the proportion of first-class fields had reached as high as 98.62%. The changes in soil nutrient status have a relatively strong overall explanatory power for the changes in cultivated land quality. Among them, the improvement of organic matter has the most significant effect on enhancing the quality of local cultivated land, and there is still room for further improvement in the eastern region. The improvement of available potassium has a significant impact on the quality of cultivated land in the southwest region where its content is relatively low, and its influence is even greater than that of organic matter. The pH value has been relatively stable in recent years, and the overall content of available phosphorus in the local area is at a relatively high level, both of which have a relatively small impact on the improvement of cultivated land quality, but it is necessary to be vigilant about the harm caused by excessive available phosphorus to crop production.

To investigate the effects of different one-year breeding densities and different stages of rice-crayfish rotation on soil physicochemical properties and soil bacterial diversity, nine fields of similar area were selected for rice-crayfish rotation. Three breeding densities were set, with three parallel fields for each density. Soil samples were collected before, during, and after the rice-crayfish rotation to determine soil physicochemical properties and bacterial diversity. The results showed that the breeding density of crayfish had no significant effect on soil pH value, bulk density, particle density, organic matter content, total nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content, total porosity, or soil bacterial diversity. During the rice-crayfish rotation period, there were no significant differences in soil organic matter content and total nitrogen content; however, significant differences were observed in pH value, bulk density, particle density, available phosphorus content, available potassium content, and total porosity. pH value and particle density showed no significant change in the early and middle stages, but in the late stage, pH value decreased significantly by 11.5%, and particle density significantly increased by 4.28%. Bulk density, available potassium content, and total porosity showed significant differences across the early, middle, and late stages. Bulk density firstly increased and then decreased, available potassium content showed a gradual decreasing trend, while total porosity firstly decreased and then increased. Available phosphorus content significantly decreased by 38.0% in the middle stage and then stabilized. During the rice-crayfish rotation, the species richness of soil bacteria significantly changed across the early, middle, and late stages, showing an increasing trend. There was no significant difference in soil bacterial species diversity between the early and middle stages; however, compared to the early and middle stages, bacterial diversity significantly increased in the late stage. This indicates that rice-crayfish rotation can increase the species richness and diversity of soil bacteria. During the rotation, the correlation between soil physicochemical indicators and bacterial diversity followed clear patterns: available phosphorus and available potassium contents mainly affected soil bacterial diversity in the early stage, showing a positive correlation; pH value and bulk density mainly affected soil bacterial diversity in the middle stage, showing a positive correlation; total porosity and particle density mainly affected soil bacterial diversity in the late stage, showing a negative correlation. The results can provide a reference for the development of the rice-crayfish rotation industry.

To improve the physicochemical properties of coastal saline-alkali soil and enhance the quality of arable land in Hebei Province, this study focused on the coastal saline-alkali soil in Tangshan City, Hebei Province. Through field experiments, the effects of compound fertilizer combined with different soil amendments on corn growth and saline-alkali soil improvement were investigated. The experiment included seven treatments: a control group (CK) and six treatments with varying amounts of soil amendments. Changes in corn agronomic traits, soil salinity, pH value, and soil nutrient content were analyzed. The results showed that the application of compound fertilizer combined with soil amendments effectively reduced soil salinity, regulated pH value, increased soil nutrient content, and promoted corn growth and yield. The effects of different soil amendments varied, with 600 kg·hm^-2 of conventional compound fertilizer combined with 375 kg·hm^-2 of Liangtianbao showing the best overall performance, making it suitable for promotion and application in coastal saline-alkali soils in Hebei Province. This study provides a scientific basis and practical reference for saline-alkali soil improvement and sustainable agricultural development.

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with different fertilizers on strawberry fruit quality and soil fertility in greenhouse in Jiashan City. The results showed that the application of urease-inhibiting slow-release fertilizer, biological fertilizer and organic fertilizer could greatly improve the yield and quality of strawberry under the condition of reducing nitrogen content by 20% with conventional base fertilizer, and the urease-inhibiting slow-release fertilizer performed the best, and the three new fertilizers can increase the soil nutrient contents, and the application of commercial organic fertilizer had the best effect. Totally, appropriate reduction of chemical fertilizer combined with urease-inhibiting slow-release fertilizer, biological fertilizer and commercial organic fertilizer could effectively maintain the supply of soil nutrients, promote the growth of strawberry, and improve fruit quality.

In order to clarify the effects of Bacillus subtilis agent on yield, disease resistance, and soil improvement in continuous ginger cropping, a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of microbial agent on microbial community structure in continuous cropping soil, ginger yield and disease resistance by setting blank control (no microbial agent, CK) and microbial agent treatment (Bacillus subtilis, TM). The results showed that compared with CK, microbial agent treatment significantly(p<0.05)reduced the disease rate of stem rot and root rot, the ginger yield was significantly increased by 13.84%, and soil available potassium content was increased by 19.60%. The microbial agent treatment significantly increased bacterial diversity and evenness in the rhizosphere soil of ginger, and significantly reduced fungal richness, significantly increased fungal evenness. Microbial agent treatment increased the relative abundance of dominant bacteria such as Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, and beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus and Sphingomonas in the rhizosphere soil of ginger, and reduced the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Ascomycota and Fusarium. In summary, continuous application of Bacillus subtilis microbial agents during the growth period of ginger can effectively improve the structure of rhizosphere soil microbial communities, increase soil available potassium content, increase ginger yield, and reduce the occurrence of soil borne diseases.

Since the 1950s, the area of acidic soils in southern China has significantly increased, leading to increasingly severe adverse effects on soil fertility, crop growth, yield and quality, food security, agricultural economy, and the ecological environment. In southern China, heavy and concentrated rainfall leads to severe land erosion and nutrient leaching, resulting in significant loss of alkaline soil components such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium. The combined effects of acid rain caused by industrial production and improper farming practices in agricultural activities further exacerbate soil acidification in southern China. This paper provided a detailed analysis of the characteristics of soil acidification in southern China across different historical periods, from the perspectives of temporal development and regional differences. It summarized the control and mitigation technologies for soil acidification, along with advancements in related research fields, and forecasted future research trends in soil acidification. The aim is to support in-depth exploration of the formation mechanisms of soil acidification, optimization of predictive models, and the promotion of effective soil acidification management methods, thereby effectively curbing and reversing the trend of soil acidification.

In the dual context of rural revitalization and cultural heritage protection, the protection and renewal of traditional villages have become the focus of current attention. This article takes architectural typology as the theoretical basis and focuses on the landscape style of the traditional village of Sanjiaqiao in Turpan City. Based on a deep interpretation of its natural and cultural environment, it explores and analyzes the environmental conditions that led to the formation of traditional villages. Using the method of architectural typology to extract, transform, and deduce the style types of traditional villages, a set of renewal strategies suitable for traditional villages is proposed, including the repair of village spatial forms, the translation of residential building forms, and the inheritance of traditional local materials to realize the landscape style protection of traditional villages in Turpan area, and theoretical exploration is carried out for their renewal, in order to provide reference for the protection and development of traditional village landscapes.

This paper took the 11 provinces and cities along the Yangtze River Economic Belt as the research subjects. First, it employed an ultra-efficient SBM-GML framework to evaluate the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of grain from 2011 to 2023. Finally, the spatial Durbin model was used to analyze the impact of agricultural infrastructure on GTFP of grain. The results indicated that there was a significant spatial correlation between agricultural infrastructure and GTFP of grain in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The improvement of agricultural infrastructure in the Yangtze River Economic Belt not only enhanced the GTFP of grain within the region but also had a spatial spillover effect, accelerating the improvement of GTFP of grain in surrounding areas. Increased fiscal support and higher urbanization levels were beneficial for enhancing the GTFP of grain in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, while the adjustment of the agricultural industry structure, and urban-rural income gap hindered the improvement of GTFP of grain in the region. Based on this, in order to further enhance the driving force of agricultural infrastructure on GTFP of grain in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, it was proposed to implement differentiated strategies, promote high-quality development of agricultural infrastructure, strengthen spatial spillover effects of agricultural infrastructure, increase the potential for green production of grain, improve the quality of agricultural finance, and orderly promote new urbanization.

Production outsourcing services is a fundamental approach and important mechanism for achieving organic integration between small farmers and modern agriculture. This article describes the relationship between production outsourcing services, farmer factor allocation, and agricultural production efficiency by establishing a theoretical model, and explains the impact mechanism of production outsourcing services on farmer factor input and agricultural production efficiency. We quantitatively evaluate the impact of production outsourcing services on farmers' factor inputs and agricultural production efficiency using data from the 2020-2021 China Land Economic Survey. Research has found that production outsourcing services significantly improve farmers' land productivity and agricultural total factor productivity, and the robustness test conclusion still holds true. Production outsourcing services significantly reduce agricultural labor time input by replacing labor with capital, thereby improving agricultural production efficiency. At the same time, production outsourcing services can improve agricultural production efficiency by increasing the intensity of fertilizer input. Further heterogeneity analysis revealed that production outsourcing services have a more significant impact on the efficiency of small farmers with a business scale of less than 0.67 hm². Compared with technology intensive outsourcing services, labor-saving outsourcing services can significantly improve the production efficiency of farmers. Therefore, we will eliminate obstacles to the development of agricultural production outsourcing services, promote the effective connection between the supply of production outsourcing services and the production needs of farmers, and provide policy references for accelerating the organic connection between small farmers and modern agriculture and improving farmers' production efficiency.

This study is based on the theory of spatial spillover effects and uses panel data from 11 provinces and municipalities in the Yangtze River economic belt from 2007 to 2023 to systematically investigate the intrinsic relationship and mechanisms between environmental regulation and agricultural green total factor productivity. The research employs the entropy method to measure the intensity of environmental regulation, utilizes the super-efficiency SBM-GML model to assess agricultural green total factor productivity, and applies a two-way fixed effects spatial Durbin model to analyze spatial spillover effects. The results indicate that environmental regulation in the Yangtze River economic belt not only has a significant positive promoting effect on agricultural green total factor productivity in the local region but also exhibits clear spatial spillover effects. Furthermore, its impact shows spatial heterogeneity and is significantly constrained by the level of regional economic development. Based on these findings, the Yangtze River economic belt should scientifically leverage the restraining and incentivizing effects of environmental regulation, foster new quality productive forces in agriculture by enhancing technological innovation, implement differentiated and dynamic environmental regulation policies tailored to local conditions, strengthen regional coordination, and promote cross-basin joint pollution prevention and control.