Carbon footprint analysis of Cornus officinalis production based on annual statistical data of Hangzhou

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250239

Abstract

Abstract:

As the impact of global climate change on ecosystems becomes increasingly significant，carbon footprint has emerged as an important indicator for measuring the environmental impact of agricultural production. Taking the production of Cornus officinalis in Hangzhou as a case study，this paper systematically evaluates the carbon emissions generated during the cultivation process and their temporal variation characteristics. Using life cycle assessment and carbon emission inventory methods，combined with statistical data of Hangzhou and cost-benefit data of agricultural products，this study quantifies various greenhouse gas emission sources from planting to primary processing stages. The results showed that from 2006 to 2023，the total carbon footprint of Cornus officinalis production in Hangzhou exhibited a fluctuating downward trend，the carbon footprint per unit yield first decreased and then increased，while carbon efficiency steadily improved. By analyzing the composition of the carbon footprint in each stage，it was found that fertilizer use，field management，and mechanized operations have significant impacts on carbon emissions. The study also proposes specific countermeasures such as optimizing fertilization structures，promoting green production technologies，and enhancing resource use efficiency，aiming to provide a scientific reference for promoting the green development of the Chinese herbal medicine industry and achieving carbon neutrality goals.

Key words: carbon footprint, Chinese herbal medicine, Cornus officinalis, carbon neutrality, sustainable agriculture

CLC Number:

S759.82

MARÍA DE LOS ANGELES MIBUY Mba Mikue, XING Shijie, GUO Ming. Carbon footprint analysis of Cornus officinalis production based on annual statistical data of Hangzhou[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(8): 2007-2014.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1 Research system boundary of carbon footprint of Cornus officinalis production in Hangzhou

Fig.2 Planting area of Cornus officinalis in Hangzhou from 2006 to 2023

Table 1 Distribution of Cornus officinalis planting areas in Hangzhou

种植区	区域特征	种植面积/hm²	产量占比/%
西部丘陵区	地势较高，排水良好	500	40
中部平原区	土壤肥沃，气候温暖	450	35
东南低山区	湿度较高，适宜山茱萸药用成分积累	250	25

Table 2 Annual chemical fertilizer input of Cornus officinalis planting in Hangzhou from 2006 to 2020

年份	氮肥	磷肥	钾肥	复合肥	总计
2006	1.58	0.36	0.64	0.99	3.57
2007	1.34	0.19	0.70	1.19	3.42
2008	1.42	0.17	0.32	1.05	2.96
2009	1.55	0.15	0.39	1.08	3.17
2010	1.51	0.14	0.38	1.31	3.34
2011	1.47	0.13	0.42	1.39	3.41
2012	1.54	0.17	0.42	1.35	3.48
2013	1.46	0.14	0.55	1.26	3.41
2014	1.25	0.08	0.51	1.38	3.22
2015	1.22	0.04	0.58	1.58	3.42
2016	1.18	0.05	0.52	1.58	3.33
2017	1.16	0.05	0.43	1.55	3.19
2018	0.99	0.04	0.35	1.62	3.00
2019	0.99	0.04	0.33	1.66	3.02
2020	0.91	0.02	0.24	1.59	2.76

Fig.3 Total carbon footprint of Cornus officinalis production in Hangzhou from 2006 to 2023

Fig.4 Carbon footprint per unit area of Cornus officinalis production in Hangzhou from 2006 to 2023

Fig.5 Carbon footprint per unit yield of Cornus officinalis production in Hangzhou from 2006 to 2023

Fig.6 Carbon efficiency of Cornus officinalis production in Hangzhou from 2006 to 2023

Fig.7 Proportion of each component of carbon footprint per unit area of Cornus officinalis production in Hangzhou from 2006 to 2023

References 22

[1]	慈志敏，马鸿雁，李正，等. 中药绿色制造碳足迹核算的关键问题与对策［J］. 中草药，2026，57（3）：789-798.
[2]	王锦涛. 中药材全产业链碳足迹分析及数字化协同机制研究［J］. 经济研究导刊，2025（21）：61-68.
[3]	孙小龙. 珍稀中药材仿野生栽培技术与生态适应性研究［J］. 农村经济与科技，2025，36（18）：35-38.
[4]	张睿，昝立峰，辛军彩，等. 新质生产力推动中药材产业高质量发展实现路径［J］. 安徽农业科学，2025，53（14）：229-232.
[5]	慈志敏，余强，马鸿雁，等. 基于生命周期评价的中药产品碳标签构建模式探讨［J］. 中药与临床，2025，16（3）：68-72.
[6]	王锋，李井山. 基于林下中药材种植技术与产业发展优势的思考［J］. 新农民，2025（2）：114-116.
[7]	刘思奇，吴得华，王红阳，等. 中药材生态种植主要模式类型特征及发展建议［J］. 中国现代中药，2025，27（1）：1-13.
[8]	叶小风，范祥祯，应智琦，等. 山茱萸的资源分布及开发应用现状［J］. 农技服务，2021，38（3）：84-87.
[9]	徐婧. 地理标志保护下西峡山茱萸药农绿色生产行为研究［D］. 石河子：石河子大学，2024.
[10]	王锋，钱栓提，姚瑞祺. 山茱萸绿色生产技术规程［J］. 陕西农业科学，2017，63（4）：99-101.
[11]	Poore J， Nemecek T. Reducing food's environmental impacts through producers and consumers［J］. Science，2018，360（6392）：987-992.
[12]	Crippa M， Solazzo E， Guizzardi D，et al. Food systems are responsible for a third of global anthropogenic GHG emissions［J］. Nature Food，2021，2（3）：198-209.
[13]	Tubiello F N， Karl K， Flammini A，et al. Pre- and post-production processes increasingly dominate greenhouse gas emissions from agri-food systems［J］. Earth System Science Data，2022，14（4）：1795-1809.
[14]	Menegat S， Ledo A， Tirado R. Greenhouse gas emissions from global production and use of nitrogen synthetic fertilisers in agriculture［J］. Scientific Reports，2022，12：14490.
[15]	Wang C， Amon B， Schulz K，et al. Factors that influence nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils as well as their representation in simulation models：a review［J］. Agronomy，2021，11（4）：770.
[16]	Mathivanan G P， Eysholdt M， Zinnbauer M，et al. New N₂O emission factors for crop residues and fertiliser inputs to agricultural soils in Germany［J］. Agriculture，Ecosystems & Environment，2021，322：107640.
[17]	Cech R， Leisch F， Zaller J G. Pesticide use and associated greenhouse gas emissions in sugar beet，apples，and viticulture in Austria from 2000 to 2019［J］. Agriculture，2022，12（6）：879.
[18]	Qin J X， Duan W L， Zou S，et al. Global energy use and carbon emissions from irrigated agriculture［J］. Nature Communications，2024，15：3084.
[19]	Driscoll A W， Conant R T， Marston L T，et al. Greenhouse gas emissions from US irrigation pumping and implications for climate-smart irrigation policy［J］. Nature Communications，2024，15：675.
[20]	Shangguan D Y， Yang L B， Wang J，et al. Case study on carbon emission of a traditional Chinese medicine pharmaceutical enterprise toward carbon neutrality［J］. Journal of Cleaner Production，2024，450：141600.
[21]	Weidema B P， Bauer C， Hischier R，et al. Overview and methodology：data quality guideline for the ecoinvent database version 3：ecoinvent report 1（v3）［R］. St. Gallen：The ecoinvent Centre / Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories，2013
[22]	Greenhouse gases：carbon footprint of products：requirements and guidelines for quantification ［S］.