千峡湖水库浮游动物种群变化特征及其关键驱动因子研究

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250245

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究千峡湖水库浮游动物的生物群落及变化规律,于2022—2023年在千峡湖水库开展浮游动物周年季度调查监测,并使用冗余分析(RDA)探讨浮游动物群落结构与环境因子的关系。结果显示,千峡湖水库共采集浮游动物121种,包括原生动物22种、轮虫52种、枝角类27种和桡足类20种。优势种共有26种且季节变化明显,主要为象鼻溞属、无节幼体和瘤棘砂壳虫等。千峡湖水库浮游动物的年均密度和生物量分别为35.54 ind·L^-1和0.70 mg·L^-1,不同季节浮游动物的密度和生物量时空变化明显,时间变化呈现夏季>冬季>秋季>春季的趋势,空间变化呈现库中高于大坝和上游的趋势。除冬季外,10.0 m内水体浮游动物的生物量垂直变化呈现10.0 m>5.0 m>0.5 m的趋势。RDA显示,影响春季、夏季和秋季浮游动物群落结构的水体物理因子为水温,冬季为透明度和pH值;水体的化学因子,氨态氮、硝态氮、总磷和叶绿素含量是主要的影响因素。本研究通过解析千峡湖水库浮游动物的变化规律,为水库绿色渔业的可持续发展提供数据支撑。

关键词: 浮游动物, 种群结构, 环境因子, 驱动因素

Abstract:

To study the biological community and variation patterns of zooplankton in Qianxiahu Reservoir, an annual quarterly investigation and monitoring of zooplankton was carried out in Qianxiahu Reservoir from 2022 to 2023, and RDA was used to explore the relationship between the community structure of zooplankton and environmental factors. The results showed that a total of 121 species of zooplankton were collected in Qianxiahu Reservoir, including 22 species of protozoa, 52 species of rotifers, 27 species of cladocerans and 20 species of copepods. There were 26 dominant species with obvious seasonal variations, mainly Bosmina, nauplius and Difflugia tuberspinifera. The average annual density and biomass of zooplankton in Qianxiahu Reservoir were 35.54 ind·L^-1 and 0.70 mg·L^-1, respectively. The temporal and spatial variations of the density and biomass of zooplankton in different seasons were significant. The temporal variation showed a trend of summer>winter>autumn>spring, and the spatial variation showed a trend of the middle of the reservoir being higher than that of the dam and the upstream. Except for winter, the vertical variation of the biomass of zooplankton in the water within 10.0 m showed a trend of 10.0 m>5.0 m>0.5 m. RDA showed that the physical factors of water that had the strongest influence on the community structure of zooplankton in spring, summer and autumn were water temperature, and in winter were transparency and pH value; the chemical factors of water, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus and chlorophyll contents were the main influencing factors. This study provides data support for the sustainable development of green fisheries in Qianxiahu Reservoir by analyzing the variation patterns of zooplankton in Qianxiahu Reservoir.

Key words: zooplankton, community structure, environmental factors, driving factors

中图分类号:

S965.9

郭爱环, 练青平, 张爱菊, 陈伟, 陈欢, 盛鹏程, 原居林, 陈光美. 千峡湖水库浮游动物种群变化特征及其关键驱动因子研究[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(10): 2478-2486.

GUO Aihuan, LIAN Qingping, ZHANG Aiju, CHEN Wei, CHEN Huan, SHENG Pengcheng, YUAN Julin, CHEN Guangmei. Study on the variation characteristics and key driving factors of zooplankton community in Qianxiahu Reservoir[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(10): 2478-2486.

图/表 9

参考文献 31

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采样点	纬度	经度
1#	28°00'27.78″N	119°38'37.82″E
2#	28°03'32.60″N	119°43'54.32″E
3#	28°01'43.67″N	119°47'35.67″E
4#	28°02'46.89″N	119°52'21.14″E
5#	28°04'53.85″N	119°56'33.51″E
6#	27°59'46.08″N	119°56'59.87″E
7#	28°02'20.93″N	120°00'39.39″E
8#	28°01'05.36″N	120°01'24.70″E
9#	28°04'24.58″N	120°01'23.70″E
10#	28°03'50.30″N	120°02'53.41″E
11#	28°06'20.77″N	120°01'54.52″E
12#	28°07'38.73″N	119°59'52.25″E

采样点	纬度	经度
1#	28°00'27.78″N	119°38'37.82″E
2#	28°03'32.60″N	119°43'54.32″E
3#	28°01'43.67″N	119°47'35.67″E
4#	28°02'46.89″N	119°52'21.14″E
5#	28°04'53.85″N	119°56'33.51″E
6#	27°59'46.08″N	119°56'59.87″E
7#	28°02'20.93″N	120°00'39.39″E
8#	28°01'05.36″N	120°01'24.70″E
9#	28°04'24.58″N	120°01'23.70″E
10#	28°03'50.30″N	120°02'53.41″E
11#	28°06'20.77″N	120°01'54.52″E
12#	28°07'38.73″N	119°59'52.25″E

采样点	WT/ ℃	DO/ (mg·L^-1)	pH值	SD/ m	TP含量/ (mg·L^-1)	TN含量/ (mg·L^-1)	$\text{NH} ^{+}_{4}$-N含量/ (mg·L^-1)	$\text{NO} ^{-}_{3}$-N含量/ (mg·L^-1)	Chla含量/ (μg·L^-1)
1#	19.60±4.43	9.54±0.95	8.52±0.09	3.30±0.30	0.02±0.01	0.55±0.07	0.11±0.03	0.26±0.06	5.50±1.46
2#	22.75±6.27	9.25±0.75	8.42±0.49	3.10±0.10	0.03±0.02	0.56±0.13	0.20±0.10	0.20±0.07	4.49±1.39
3#	23.10±6.43	9.92±1.43	8.52±0.82	3.20±0.00	0.03±0.03	0.57±0.23	0.12±0.02	0.20±0.09	6.36±2.51
4#	23.15±6.00	10.01±1.40	8.52±0.94	3.25±0.15	0.02±0.01	0.58±0.14	0.12±0.04	0.16±0.11	6.15±2.50
5#	23.00±5.91	9.77±0.97	8.50±0.82	3.45±0.05	0.02±0	0.37±0.18	0.08±0.03	0.14±0.10	7.04±2.69
6#	24.10±6.50	9.27±1.05	8.49±0.83	3.50±0.40	0.01±0	0.49±0.13	0.09±0.02	0.13±0.11	5.48±3.42
7#	23.53±5.72	9.43±0.93	8.46±1.03	3.30±0.30	0.01±0	0.40±0.13	0.09±0.01	0.13±0.12	6.11±4.36
8#	23.73±5.91	9.81±1.29	8.76±0.95	3.25±0.15	0.01±0	0.45±0.11	0.08±0.03	0.12±0.11	5.92±3.59
9#	23.85±6.75	9.53±1.53	8.56±0.56	3.75±0.45	0.01±0	0.47±0.08	0.08±0.03	0.12±0.10	4.48±4.31
10#	24.20±6.57	9.15±1.11	8.70±0.90	4.15±0.65	0.01±0	0.42±0.10	0.07±0.02	0.11±0.09	2.43±1.35
11#	23.25±6.13	9.28±0.95	8.75±0.85	4.60±0.60	0.01±0.01	0.37±0.17	0.07±0.02	0.12±0.09	4.54±3.50
12#	23.13±6.03	9.25±0.90	8.71±0.92	4.30±0.40	0.01±0	0.48±0.06	0.09±0.03	0.12±0.08	4.20±2.89

采样点	WT/ ℃	DO/ (mg·L^-1)	pH值	SD/ m	TP含量/ (mg·L^-1)	TN含量/ (mg·L^-1)	$\text{NH} ^{+}_{4}$-N含量/ (mg·L^-1)	$\text{NO} ^{-}_{3}$-N含量/ (mg·L^-1)	Chla含量/ (μg·L^-1)
1#	19.60±4.43	9.54±0.95	8.52±0.09	3.30±0.30	0.02±0.01	0.55±0.07	0.11±0.03	0.26±0.06	5.50±1.46
2#	22.75±6.27	9.25±0.75	8.42±0.49	3.10±0.10	0.03±0.02	0.56±0.13	0.20±0.10	0.20±0.07	4.49±1.39
3#	23.10±6.43	9.92±1.43	8.52±0.82	3.20±0.00	0.03±0.03	0.57±0.23	0.12±0.02	0.20±0.09	6.36±2.51
4#	23.15±6.00	10.01±1.40	8.52±0.94	3.25±0.15	0.02±0.01	0.58±0.14	0.12±0.04	0.16±0.11	6.15±2.50
5#	23.00±5.91	9.77±0.97	8.50±0.82	3.45±0.05	0.02±0	0.37±0.18	0.08±0.03	0.14±0.10	7.04±2.69
6#	24.10±6.50	9.27±1.05	8.49±0.83	3.50±0.40	0.01±0	0.49±0.13	0.09±0.02	0.13±0.11	5.48±3.42
7#	23.53±5.72	9.43±0.93	8.46±1.03	3.30±0.30	0.01±0	0.40±0.13	0.09±0.01	0.13±0.12	6.11±4.36
8#	23.73±5.91	9.81±1.29	8.76±0.95	3.25±0.15	0.01±0	0.45±0.11	0.08±0.03	0.12±0.11	5.92±3.59
9#	23.85±6.75	9.53±1.53	8.56±0.56	3.75±0.45	0.01±0	0.47±0.08	0.08±0.03	0.12±0.10	4.48±4.31
10#	24.20±6.57	9.15±1.11	8.70±0.90	4.15±0.65	0.01±0	0.42±0.10	0.07±0.02	0.11±0.09	2.43±1.35
11#	23.25±6.13	9.28±0.95	8.75±0.85	4.60±0.60	0.01±0.01	0.37±0.17	0.07±0.02	0.12±0.09	4.54±3.50
12#	23.13±6.03	9.25±0.90	8.71±0.92	4.30±0.40	0.01±0	0.48±0.06	0.09±0.03	0.12±0.08	4.20±2.89

优势种	拉丁名	优势度(Y≥0.02)
优势种	拉丁名	春季	夏季	秋季	冬季
截头皱甲轮虫	Ploesma truncatum	—	—	0.05	—
盘状鞍甲轮虫	Lepadella patella	—	—	0.02	—
裂足臂尾轮虫	Brachionus diversicornis	—	0.04	—	—
晶囊轮属	Asplanchna	0.03	—	—	0.05
前节晶囊轮虫	Asplanchna priodonta	—	—	—	0.10
盖氏晶囊轮虫	Asplanchna girode de	—	—	—	0.20
针簇多肢轮虫	Polyarthra trigla	0.02	—	—	—
独角聚花轮虫	Conochilus unicornis	—	—	—	0.06
裸腹溞属	Moina	—	0.03	—	—
长肢秀体溞	Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum	0.02	0.02	—	—
小栉溞	Daphnia cristata	0.04	—	—	—
象鼻溞属	Bosmina	0.43	0.07	—	—
长额象鼻溞	Bosmina ongirostris	—	—	0.02	—
简弧象鼻溞	Bosmina coregoni	—	—	0.03	—
脆弱象鼻溞	Bosmina fatalis	—	—	0.02	—
汤匙华哲水蚤	Sinocalanus dorrii	0.02	—	—	—
剑水蚤目	Cyclopidae	0.02	0.02	—	—
温剑水蚤属	Thermocyclops	0.02	—	—	0.02
短尾温剑水蚤	Thermocyclops brevifurcatus	0.05	0.14	—	—
近邻剑水蚤	Cyclops vicinus	—	—	0.03	0.09
锯缘真剑水蚤	Eucylop sserrulatus	—	—	0.02	0.05
广布中剑水蚤	Mesocyclops leuckarti	—	—	—	0.14
无节幼体	nauplius	0.06	0.15	0.31	0.19
瓶累枝虫	Epistylis urceolata	0.03	—	—	—
瘤棘砂壳虫	Difflugia tuberspinifera	0.22	0.22	0.08	—
球形砂壳虫	Difflugia globulosa	—	—	0.05	—