棘胸蛙蝌蚪在变态阶段对饲料蛋白质的特殊需求

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250526

浙江农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 66 ›› Issue (10): 2462-2467.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250526

棘胸蛙蝌蚪在变态阶段对饲料蛋白质的特殊需求

胡佳婷¹^,³(), 刘玉霞²^,³, 张煜³, 颉志刚³^,^*(), 郑荣泉¹^,⁴

1.浙江师范大学生命科学学院,浙江金华 321004
2.大连海洋大学水产与生命学院,辽宁大连 116023
3.浙江省农业科学院水生生物研究所,浙江杭州 310021
4.浙江省野生动物生物技术与保护利用重点实验室,浙江金华 321004

收稿日期:2025-07-18 出版日期:2025-10-11 发布日期:2025-10-21
通讯作者: 颉志刚(1978—),男,河北张家口人,研究员,博士,研究方向为动物生理生态,E-mail:xiezg@zaas.ac.cn。
作者简介:胡佳婷(2002—),女,陕西汉中人,硕士,研究方向为动物生理生态,E-mail:2803549972@qq.com。
基金资助:
浙江省“三农九方”农业科技协作计划项目(2024SNJF062)

Special demand of protein in feed for Quasipaa spinosa tadpoles during the metamorphosis stage

HU Jiating¹^,³(), LIU Yuxia²^,³, ZHANG Yu³, XIE Zhigang³^,^*(), ZHENG Rongquan¹^,⁴

1. College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang
2. College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning
3. Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang
4. Key Laboratory of Wildlife Biotechnology and Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang

Received:2025-07-18 Online:2025-10-11 Published:2025-10-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨棘胸蛙蝌蚪在变态阶段是否对饲料蛋白质存在特殊需求,本研究评估了饥饿和5种不同蛋白质水平(18%~42%)饲料对临近变态阶段的蝌蚪(G33期)的生长、变态率、胴体蛋白质含量及肝脏甲状腺激素受体β基因(TRβ)表达的影响。结果显示,蝌蚪在第17~26天逐渐进入集中变态阶段(G41~42期)。饥饿组各项指标均为最低;高蛋白(36%和42%)饲料能够促进蝌蚪的生长,并提高胴体蛋白质含量以及肝脏TRβ基因的表达量,但会延缓变态进程;然而,含有高玉米粉含量且无鱼粉的低蛋白(18%)饲料不仅加速了生长,还对变态有促进作用。研究提示,棘胸蛙蝌蚪在临近变态阶段可能需要更多的碳水化合物以满足其变态发育的能量需求,而对蛋白质的需求则相应下降。

关键词: 棘胸蛙, 蝌蚪, 饲料蛋白质, 甲状腺激素受体β, 变态

Abstract:

To investigate whether Quasipaa spinosa tadpoles have special demand for protein in feed during the metamorphosis stage, this study evaluated the effects of starvation and five feed with different protein levels (18%-42%) on the growth, metamorphosis rate, protein content of carcass, and gene expression of hepatic thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ) of tadpoles approaching the metamorphosis stage (stage G33). The results showed that tadpoles gradually entered the concentrated metamorphosis stage (stages G41-42) from day 17 to day 26. All indicators in the starvation group were the lowest. Feed with higher protein levels (36% and 42%) promoted the growth of tadpoles, increased the protein content of carcass, and enhanced the gene expression of hepatic TRβ, but delayed metamorphosis. However, feed with low protein level (18%) containing high corn meal content and no fish meal not only accelerated growth but also promoted metamorphosis. Therefore, it is suggested that Quasipaa spinosa tadpoles approaching the metamorphosis stage may require a higher carbohydrate supply to meet the energy demand for their metamorphic development, with a corresponding reduction in protein demand.

Key words: Quasipaa spinosa, tadpole, protein in feed, thyroid hormone receptor β, metamorphosis

中图分类号:

S963

胡佳婷, 刘玉霞, 张煜, 颉志刚, 郑荣泉. 棘胸蛙蝌蚪在变态阶段对饲料蛋白质的特殊需求[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(10): 2462-2467.

HU Jiating, LIU Yuxia, ZHANG Yu, XIE Zhigang, ZHENG Rongquan. Special demand of protein in feed for Quasipaa spinosa tadpoles during the metamorphosis stage[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(10): 2462-2467.

图/表 5

表1 实验饲料组成及营养水平(风干基础)

Table 1 Experimental feed composition and nutritional levels (air-dried basis)

原料	不同蛋白质水平饲料的组成
原料	18%	24%	30%	36%	42%
鱼粉/g	0	10	21	31	42
豆粕/g	20	20	20	20	20
玉米粉/g	52	42	31	21	10
小麦粉/g	10	10	10	10	10
麸皮/g	15	15	15	15	15
酵母粉/g	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8
海藻粉/g	1	1	1	1	1
预混料/g	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
粗蛋白/%	18.30	23.89	30.04	35.62	41.76
粗脂肪/%	3.54	4.99	4.69	5.23	5.85
总能/(kJ·g^-1)	16.71	17.01	17.34	17.39	17.97

表2 实时荧光定量PCR引物

Table 2 Primers used in real-time quantitative PCR

基因	引物序列(5'-3')	长度/bp
TRβ	F: AACAAGGAACCAGTGCCAAGA	80
	R: GCTGTCGTCCAAAACCAAATCA
β-actin	F: GAGCAGGACTGGGTGTTCTTCA	95
	R: GCATTGTAACCAACTGGGACGA

图1 棘胸蛙变态期蝌蚪在饥饿和摄食不同蛋白质水平饲料条件下的生长表现和累积变态率

Fig.1 Growth performance and cumulative metamorphosis rate of Quasipaa spinosa tadpoles under conditions of starvation and feeding with different protein levels during metamorphosis

图2 饥饿和摄食不同蛋白质水平饲料对棘胸蛙变态期蝌蚪胴体蛋白质含量的影响同组柱上无相同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05),图3同。

Fig.2 Effects of starvation and feeding with different protein levels on protein content of carcass of Quasipaa spinosa tadpoles during metamorphosis

图3 饥饿和摄食不同蛋白质水平饲料对棘胸蛙变态期蝌蚪肝脏TRβ基因表达的影响

Fig.3 Effects of starvation and feeding with different protein levels on gene expression of hepatic TRβ of Quasipaa spinosa tadpoles during metamorphosis

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棘胸蛙蝌蚪在变态阶段对饲料蛋白质的特殊需求

Special demand of protein in feed for Quasipaa spinosa tadpoles during the metamorphosis stage

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