浙江省农村生活垃圾分类处理的创新实践与发展方向

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250475

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为系统评估浙江省农村生活垃圾分类处理与资源化利用成效，梳理实践经验并研判未来发展方向，本文在总结浙江省农村生活垃圾分类处理政策演进和制度体系的基础上，采用实地调研、统计分析与案例分析相结合的方法，对全省1 078个农村生活垃圾资源化处理站点的建设规模、运行负荷、处理模式及减量效果进行了系统研究。研究结果表明，浙江省已基本建成覆盖全域的农村生活垃圾分类处理体系，行政村覆盖率实现基本全覆盖，资源化利用率保持在99%以上，形成了以机器快速处理、阳光堆肥和厌氧发酵为主的多元化处理模式，农村生活垃圾减量化、资源化成效显著。但同时仍存在源头分类精准度不高、部分站点负荷率偏低、运维经费保障不足、处理技术成熟度和产出物利用体系有待完善等问题。基于研究结论，本文提出从强化组织保障、优化站点布局、完善技术路径和推进数字化监管等方面持续提升农村生活垃圾分类处理体系运行质效，为实现长效治理提供实践参考。

关键词: 农村生活垃圾, 分类处理, 创新实践

Abstract:

To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of classified disposal and resource utilization of rural domestic waste in Zhejiang Province，summarize practical experience and identify future development directions，this paper reviews the policy evolution and institutional framework of rural waste classification in Zhejiang. Based on field investigation，statistical analysis and case studies，a comprehensive study was conducted on 1 078 rural domestic waste resource utilization stations，focusing on construction scale，operational load，treatment modes and waste reduction performance. The results show that Zhejiang has basically established a province-wide classified disposal system for rural domestic waste，achieving nearly full coverage of administrative villages and maintaining a resource utilization rate of over 99%. A diversified treatment system dominated by rapid mechanical treatment，sunshine composting and anaerobic fermentation has been formed，with significant effects on waste reduction and resource recovery. However，problems such as insufficient accuracy of source separation，low operational load of some facilities，inadequate operation and maintenance funding，and imperfect treatment technologies and output utilization mechanisms still exist. Based on these findings，this paper proposes policy recommendations including strengthening organizational support，optimizing facility layout，improving technological pathways and promoting digital supervision，so as to enhance the long-term effectiveness of rural domestic waste classification systems.

Key words: rural domestic waste, classified disposal, innovative practice

中图分类号:

X799.3

胡惠珍, 王永尚, 杨丰源, 张马煜楠, 潘鹏, 王安邦, 林桢, 徐静蕾, 王嘉伟. 浙江省农村生活垃圾分类处理的创新实践与发展方向[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2026, 67(4): 1049-1055.

HU Huizhen, WANG Yongshang, YANG Fengyuan, ZHANG-MA Yunan, PAN Peng, WANG Anbang, LIN Zhen, XU Jinglei, WANG Jiawei. Innovative practices and development directions in the classification and treatment of rural domestic waste in Zhejiang Province[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(4): 1049-1055.

图/表 9

图1 2020—2022年浙江省行政村生活垃圾处理覆盖率

Fig.1 Coverage rate of domestic waste treatment in administrative villages of Zhejiang Province from 2020 to 2022

图2 各处理模式占比

Fig.2 The proportion of each processing mode

图3 机器快速处理模式工艺流程

Fig.3 Technological process for the machine's rapid treatment mode

图4 阳光堆肥模式工艺流程

Fig.4 Technological process of the sunshine compost mode

图5 磁性热解模式工艺流程

Fig.5 Technological process of the magnetism pyrolysis mode

图6 厌氧发酵模式工艺流程

Fig.6 Technological process of the anaerobic fermentation mode

图7 无害化卫生填埋模式工艺流程

Fig.7 Technological process of the harmless sanitary landfill mode

图8 焚烧发电模式工艺流程

Fig.8 Technological process of the incineration power generation mode

图9 黑水虻高效生物转化处理模式工艺流程

Fig.9 Technological process of the efficient biotransformation treatment mode of black soldier fly

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