深耕配施结构调理剂对新垦低丘红壤水分的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20221076

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨新垦低丘红壤旱地蓄水能力的提升途径,在浙中地区选择3种不同质地(砂壤土、黏壤土和黏土)的新耕红壤旱地,开展了深耕配施结构调理剂对土壤水分状况影响的试验。试验设对照(浅耕)、施结构调理剂(浅耕+结构调理剂)和深耕配施结构理剂3个处理,动态观察了不同深度土层含水量和0~50 cm土体蓄水量的变化。结果表明,深耕配施结构调理剂显著降低了土壤容重,提高了土壤水稳定性团聚体的数量和保水性;施用结构改良剂后砂壤土、黏壤土和黏土田间持水量分别比对照增加1.58%、1.94%和4.35%;深耕+结构调理剂后砂壤土、黏壤土和黏土田间持水量分别比对照增加1.35%、2.28%和2.68%。深耕配施结构调理剂雨季土壤蓄水量明显提高,干旱季20~50 cm土层水分明显高于对照,砂壤土、黏壤土和黏土贮水量分别比对照高2.06%~12.16%、1.73%~12.41%和5.53%~23.62%,深耕效果在黏土中最为明显,在砂壤土中效果相对较弱。

关键词: 红壤, 蓄水能力, 结构调理剂, 耕层, 物理性状, 容重

Abstract:

In order to explore the way to improve the water storage capacity of newly cultivated low hilly red soil dry land, three kinds of newly cultivated red soil dry land with different textures (sandy loam, clay loam and clay soil) were selected in central Zhejiang, and the effects of deep tillage combined with structural conditioner on soil water status were carried out. The experiment consisted of three treatments: control (shallow tillage), structural conditioner (shallow tillage+structural conditioner) and deep tillage combined with structural conditioner. The changes of water content and water storage capacity of 0-50 cm soil layer at different depths were dynamically observed. The results showed that deep ploughing combined with structural conditioner significantly reduced the bulk density of soil, and increased the number of soil water stability aggregates and water retention. The field water capacity of sand loam, clay loam and clay soil increased by 1.58%, 1.94% and 4.35%, respectively, compared with that of the control. The field water capacity of sand loam, clay loam and clay soil increased by 1.35%, 2.28% and 2.68%, respectively, compared with the control after deep tillage and structural conditioner. The soil water storage in the 20-50 cm soil layer in the dry season was significantly higher than that in the control. The water storage in sandy loam, clay loam and clay soil was 2.06%-12.16%, 1.73%-12.41% and 5.53%-23.62% higher than that in the control, respectively. The effect of deep tillage was most obvious in clay, and is relatively weak in sandy loam soil.

Key words: red soil, water storage capacity, structural conditioner, plough layer, physical character, bulk density

中图分类号:

S141
S156

池永清, 章明奎. 深耕配施结构调理剂对新垦低丘红壤水分的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(1): 230-234.

CHI Yongqing, ZHANG Mingkui. Dynamic effects of deep ploughing combined with application of structural conditioner on moisture content of newly cultivated low hilly red soil[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(1): 230-234.

图/表 4

参考文献 13

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质地	土壤名称	成土母质	黏粒含量/ (g·kg^-1)	砂粒含量/ (g·kg^-1)	砾石含量/ (g·kg^-1)	有机碳含量/ (g·kg^-1)	阳离子交换量/ (cmol·kg^-1)	pH值
砂壤土	红砂土	红砂岩	86	755	113	3.65	6.65	5.23
黏壤土	黄红泥土	泥页岩	265	368	22	6.68	8.89	5.28
黏土	黄筋泥	Q₂红土	403	355	15	5.24	10.87	5.02

质地	土壤名称	成土母质	黏粒含量/ (g·kg^-1)	砂粒含量/ (g·kg^-1)	砾石含量/ (g·kg^-1)	有机碳含量/ (g·kg^-1)	阳离子交换量/ (cmol·kg^-1)	pH值
砂壤土	红砂土	红砂岩	86	755	113	3.65	6.65	5.23
黏壤土	黄红泥土	泥页岩	265	368	22	6.68	8.89	5.28
黏土	黄筋泥	Q₂红土	403	355	15	5.24	10.87	5.02

试验土壤	处理	容重/(g·cm^-3)			>0.25 mm水稳定性团聚体/%			饱和导水率/(mm·d^-1)
试验土壤	处理	0~<20 cm	20~<35 cm	35~50 cm	0~<20 cm	20~<35 cm	35~50 cm	0~<20 cm	20~<35 cm	35~50 cm
砂壤土	对照	1.36 a	1.41 a	1.44 a	10.65 b	8.86 b	6.59 a	38.52 b	35.68 b	33.68 b
	结构调理剂	1.29 b	1.39 ab	1.45 a	43.25 a	10.24 a	7.25 a	42.68 a	37.95 ab	32.25 b
	深耕+结构调理剂	1.28 b	1.36 b	1.34 b	41.25 a	9.64 ab	6.59 a	41.42 a	39.87 a	38.42 a
黏壤土	对照	1.32 a	1.39 a	1.43 a	25.42 b	19.43 a	18.25 a	31.25 b	28.66 b	24.52 b
	结构调理剂	1.23 b	1.37 a	1.41 a	56.23 a	18.45 a	17.24 a	39.25 a	29.37 b	23.48 b
	深耕+结构调理剂	1.24 b	1.31 b	1.32 b	57.21 a	18.97 a	16.25 a	38.74 a	34.55 a	32.18 a
黏土	对照	1.35 a	1.42 a	1.47 a	49.85 b	46.58 a	43.52 a	23.41 b	17.52 c	12.42 b
	结构调理剂	1.32 b	1.39 ab	1.48 a	68.52 a	45.20 a	44.87 a	33.25 a	20.54 b	11.89 b
	深耕+结构调理剂	1.31 b	1.35 b	1.36 b	65.42 a	48.25 a	43.29 a	34.12 a	31.45 a	27.88 a

试验土壤	处理	容重/(g·cm^-3)			>0.25 mm水稳定性团聚体/%			饱和导水率/(mm·d^-1)
试验土壤	处理	0~<20 cm	20~<35 cm	35~50 cm	0~<20 cm	20~<35 cm	35~50 cm	0~<20 cm	20~<35 cm	35~50 cm
砂壤土	对照	1.36 a	1.41 a	1.44 a	10.65 b	8.86 b	6.59 a	38.52 b	35.68 b	33.68 b
	结构调理剂	1.29 b	1.39 ab	1.45 a	43.25 a	10.24 a	7.25 a	42.68 a	37.95 ab	32.25 b
	深耕+结构调理剂	1.28 b	1.36 b	1.34 b	41.25 a	9.64 ab	6.59 a	41.42 a	39.87 a	38.42 a
黏壤土	对照	1.32 a	1.39 a	1.43 a	25.42 b	19.43 a	18.25 a	31.25 b	28.66 b	24.52 b
	结构调理剂	1.23 b	1.37 a	1.41 a	56.23 a	18.45 a	17.24 a	39.25 a	29.37 b	23.48 b
	深耕+结构调理剂	1.24 b	1.31 b	1.32 b	57.21 a	18.97 a	16.25 a	38.74 a	34.55 a	32.18 a
黏土	对照	1.35 a	1.42 a	1.47 a	49.85 b	46.58 a	43.52 a	23.41 b	17.52 c	12.42 b
	结构调理剂	1.32 b	1.39 ab	1.48 a	68.52 a	45.20 a	44.87 a	33.25 a	20.54 b	11.89 b
	深耕+结构调理剂	1.31 b	1.35 b	1.36 b	65.42 a	48.25 a	43.29 a	34.12 a	31.45 a	27.88 a

时间/ 月	处理	砂壤土			黏壤土			黏土
时间/ 月	处理	0~<20 cm	20~<35 cm	35~50 cm	0~<20 cm	20~<35 cm	35~50 cm	0~<20 cm	20~<35 cm	35~50 cm
1	对照	10.41 a	11.87 b	9.56 b	16.58 a	18.25 b	15.23 b	19.42 b	20.25 b	15.25 b
	结构调理剂	12.41 a	12.85 ab	8.97 b	16.29 a	19.42 b	15.18 b	20.54 ab	20.65 b	16.28 ab
	深耕+结构调理剂	11.45 a	13.25 a	11.42 a	15.98 a	21.45 a	17.52 a	21.02 a	22.42 a	17.58 a
3	对照	12.79 b	12.87 b	10.68 b	18.25 b	19.87 c	14.98 b	21.54 a	21.45 b	16.21 b
	结构调理剂	14.52 a	13.04 b	11.87 ab	18.37 b	21.33 b	15.87 b	22.75 a	22.97 b	17.03 b
	深耕+结构调理剂	13.68 a	15.47 a	12.32 a	19.23 a	23.02 a	18.23 a	22.42 a	24.25 a	19.66 a
5	对照	14.56 a	16.58 b	13.35 b	20.18 a	22.56 c	16.38 b	24.25 b	22.85 c	15.68 c
	结构调理剂	14.14 a	17.68 ab	13.95 ab	21.09 a	24.98 b	17.45 b	26.14 ab	25.21 b	17.98 b
	深耕+结构调理剂	14.79 a	18.66 a	14.78 a	20.21 a	27.48 a	22.97 a	27.28 a	29.43 a	23.65 a
7	对照	12.45 b	15.88 b	13.41 b	21.56 a	23.68 c	17.98 b	26.34 b	24.18 c	16.39 c
	结构调理剂	12.23 b	18.02 a	13.52 b	20.68 a	26.87 b	18.23 b	28.05 ab	27.42 b	19.28 b
	深耕+结构调理剂	13.12 a	19.43 a	15.28 a	20.95 a	29.54 a	23.68 a	29.14 a	33.65 a	25.38 a
9	对照	11.33 a	13.87 c	12.65 b	18.54 a	21.45 c	16.98 b	22.15 c	23.14 c	17.24 b
	结构调理剂	11.03 a	15.02 b	11.52 b	19.54 a	24.01 b	17.03 b	24.24 b	25.71 b	18.65 b
	深耕+结构调理剂	10.76 a	17.76 a	13.14 a	18.89 a	26.74 a	22.05 a	26.43 a	30.97 a	24.13 a
11	对照	11.08 a	12.98 b	10.59 b	17.82 b	19.78 c	16.33 b	20.69 b	21.45 c	17.85 b
	结构调理剂	10.66 a	13.52 b	11.05 b	18.42 ab	22.61 b	17.28 b	21.73 ab	24.24 b	18.21 b
	深耕+结构调理剂	10.89 a	15.69 a	13.32 a	19.54 a	25.21 a	20.51 a	22.66 a	28.32 a	22.56 a