不同干燥方式对姜黄中姜黄素和姜黄油的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230104

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以新鲜姜黄根茎为原料,采用高效液相色谱法、水蒸气蒸馏法及气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)等方法研究了晒干、阴干、30 ℃热风烘干、60 ℃热风烘干和冷冻干燥5种干燥方式对姜黄素的相对含量和姜黄油组分组成的影响。结果表明,不同干燥方式下,姜黄素的相对含量和姜黄油的含量及组分的变化较大,但姜黄的色度变化较小,其中自然阴干方式下姜黄素和姜黄挥发油含量相对较高,分别为1.84%、6.15%。研究结果为姜黄的开发利用和产品加工提供一定的技术支持。

关键词: 姜黄, 干燥方式, 姜黄素, 姜黄油, 高效液相色谱法

Abstract:

The effects of drying in the sun, drying in the shade, air drying at 30 ℃, hot air drying at 60 ℃ and freeze-drying on the relative content of curcumin and the composition of turmeric oil were studied by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), steam distillation and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the relative content of curcumin and the content and composition of turmeric oil changed greatly under different drying methods, but the color of Curcuma longa L. changed little. The turmeric of curcumin and volatile oil of turmeric in natural drying method were relatively higher, 1.84% and 6.15%, respectively. The research results provided some technical support for the development and utilization of Curcuma longa L. and product processing.

Key words: Curcuma longa L., drying method, curcumin, Turmeric oil, high performance liquid chromatography

中图分类号:

S567

吴双, 袁茂廷, 夏修新, 刘国豪, 倪穗. 不同干燥方式对姜黄中姜黄素和姜黄油的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(2): 436-442.

Shuang WU, Maoting YUAN, Xiuxin XIA, Guohao LIU, Sui NI. Effects of different drying methods on curcumin and turmeric oil in Curcuma longa L.[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(2): 436-442.

图/表 7

参考文献 12

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名称	回归方程	R²
BDMC	y=87.59x-6.027	0.999 6
DMC	y=85.24x-4.784	0.999 6
CUR	y=71.22x-3.181	0.999 6

名称	回归方程	R²
BDMC	y=87.59x-6.027	0.999 6
DMC	y=85.24x-4.784	0.999 6
CUR	y=71.22x-3.181	0.999 6

序号	保留时间 t_R/min	成分	相对含量/%
序号	保留时间 t_R/min	成分	30 ℃烘干	阴干	晒干	冷干	60 ℃烘干
1	9.727	β-蒎烯	—	0.010	0.011	0.077	—
2	11.929	D-柠檬烯	—	0.012	0.016	0.035	0.002
3	12.065	桉油精	0.140	0.320	0.300	0.760	0.080
4	18.896	4-萜烯醇	0.013	0.013	0.015	0.036	0.010
5	19.424	L-.α.-松油醇	0.072	0.055	0.067	0.180	0.039
6	25.958	β-二烯烃	0.180	0.033	0.049	0.280	0.027
7	26.331	(+)-7-表-倍半萜烯	0.200	0.210	0.150	0.150	0.240
8	26.729	石竹烯	1.940	1.530	1.270	0.280	1.230
9	27.148	顺式-α.-佛手柑槲	0.092	0.082	0.061	0.085	0.100
10	27.690	顺式-β-法呢烯	0.570	0.580	0.440	0.470	0.610
11	28.309	姜黄烯	0.130	—	0.052	—	—
12	28.395	芳姜黄烯	4.660	4.440	5.680	7.370	7.410
13	28.763	姜烯	18.710	17.480	12.750	7.090	16.090
14	29.062	β-双硼烯	3.510	3.280	2.820	2.890	3.910
15	29.468	β.-倍半水芹烯	12.550	11.670	9.640	8.760	12.140
16	29.645	(E)-Γ-双萜	0.360	0.350	0.260	0.160	0.350
17	30.166	7-表-顺式-倍半桧烯-水合物	0.190	0.420	0.540	0.360	0.450
18	30.305	大根香叶烯	0.460	0.160	0.140	0.770	0.130
19	30.382	反式苦橙油醇	0.120	0.060	0.110	0.075	0.062
20	30.794	2-甲基-6-对甲苯基庚-2-烯-4-醇	0.750	0.530	1.190	0.550	0.750
21	30.939	石竹烯氧化物	0.080	0.090	0.150	0.062	0.110
22	31.047	反式倍半香桧烯水合物	0.370	1.050	1.320	1.160	1.020
23	31.143	(Z)-. Γ.-大西洋酮	0.160	0.180	0.260	0.084	0.200
24	31.371	1-苯基-1-戊酮	—	0.360	—	—	—
25	31.476	香橙烯	0.270	—	0.270	—	—
26	31.608	姜醇	1.460	2.340	3.020	2.760	2.580
27	31.889	(+)-. α.-香榧醇	0.130	0.630	—	—	0.590
28	31.919	沉香螺萜醇	0.690	—	—	0.270	0.370
29	32.220	(Z)-α-大西洋酮	0.270	—	0.020	—	—
30	32.418	β-雪松醇	0.440	0.330	0.490	0.310	0.380
31	32.509	β-桉叶醇	0.150	0.084	0.130	0.110	—
32	32.678	2,10-双硼二烯-1,4-二醇	0.310	0.063	—	0.350	0.940
33	32.851	芳姜黄酮	12.010	12.170	17.440	12.990	15.070
34	32.966	姜黄酮	21.960	23.390	16.900	13.060	16.150
35	33.487	1R,2R,4S,6S,7S,8S-8-异丙基-1-甲基-3-亚甲基三环[4.4.0.02,7]癸烷-4-醇	—	0.420	0.70	—	0.690
36	33.568	吉马酮	2.920	0.640	0.60	7.950	0.390
37	33.654	β-姜黄酮	9.040	10.540	11.250	7.300	9.020
38	33.920	姜黄酚	0.250	0.360	0.560	0.520	0.510
39	34.299	姜黄醇	0.320	—	—	0.480	—
40	34.638	6r,7r-没药酮	2.480	3.120	4.230	4.270	3.780
41	35.306	(E)-大西洋酮	0.370	0.60	0.840	0.520	0.610
42	35.821	石竹-4(14),8(15)-二烯-5β-醇	—	—	0.290	0.460	0.270
43	35.995	2,10-双硼二烯-1,4-二醇	0.250	0.210	1.360	4.950	0.860
44	36.383	乌维丁	—	—	0.064	0.480	0.067
45	36.664	莪术双环烯酮	0.240	0.220	0.210	0.770	0.470
46	37.414	6-(5-羟基-4-亚甲基环己基-2-烯-1-yI)-2-甲基庚-2-烯-4-酮	0.025	0.053	0.120	0.350	0.077
47	39.004	6-甲酰基-5-羟基-10-羟甲基-3-亚甲基-2-氧代-2H,3H,3aH,4H,5H,8H,9H,11aH-环十二烷-4-甲基丁酸酯	0.380	0.190	2.230	6.030	0.410
48	39.971	紫草甘醇B	—	0.110	0.270	0.510	0.200
合计			99.222	98.385	98.285	96.047	98.394

序号	保留时间 t_R/min	成分	相对含量/%
序号	保留时间 t_R/min	成分	30 ℃烘干	阴干	晒干	冷干	60 ℃烘干
1	9.727	β-蒎烯	—	0.010	0.011	0.077	—
2	11.929	D-柠檬烯	—	0.012	0.016	0.035	0.002
3	12.065	桉油精	0.140	0.320	0.300	0.760	0.080
4	18.896	4-萜烯醇	0.013	0.013	0.015	0.036	0.010
5	19.424	L-.α.-松油醇	0.072	0.055	0.067	0.180	0.039
6	25.958	β-二烯烃	0.180	0.033	0.049	0.280	0.027
7	26.331	(+)-7-表-倍半萜烯	0.200	0.210	0.150	0.150	0.240
8	26.729	石竹烯	1.940	1.530	1.270	0.280	1.230
9	27.148	顺式-α.-佛手柑槲	0.092	0.082	0.061	0.085	0.100
10	27.690	顺式-β-法呢烯	0.570	0.580	0.440	0.470	0.610
11	28.309	姜黄烯	0.130	—	0.052	—	—
12	28.395	芳姜黄烯	4.660	4.440	5.680	7.370	7.410
13	28.763	姜烯	18.710	17.480	12.750	7.090	16.090
14	29.062	β-双硼烯	3.510	3.280	2.820	2.890	3.910
15	29.468	β.-倍半水芹烯	12.550	11.670	9.640	8.760	12.140
16	29.645	(E)-Γ-双萜	0.360	0.350	0.260	0.160	0.350
17	30.166	7-表-顺式-倍半桧烯-水合物	0.190	0.420	0.540	0.360	0.450
18	30.305	大根香叶烯	0.460	0.160	0.140	0.770	0.130
19	30.382	反式苦橙油醇	0.120	0.060	0.110	0.075	0.062
20	30.794	2-甲基-6-对甲苯基庚-2-烯-4-醇	0.750	0.530	1.190	0.550	0.750
21	30.939	石竹烯氧化物	0.080	0.090	0.150	0.062	0.110
22	31.047	反式倍半香桧烯水合物	0.370	1.050	1.320	1.160	1.020
23	31.143	(Z)-. Γ.-大西洋酮	0.160	0.180	0.260	0.084	0.200
24	31.371	1-苯基-1-戊酮	—	0.360	—	—	—
25	31.476	香橙烯	0.270	—	0.270	—	—
26	31.608	姜醇	1.460	2.340	3.020	2.760	2.580
27	31.889	(+)-. α.-香榧醇	0.130	0.630	—	—	0.590
28	31.919	沉香螺萜醇	0.690	—	—	0.270	0.370
29	32.220	(Z)-α-大西洋酮	0.270	—	0.020	—	—
30	32.418	β-雪松醇	0.440	0.330	0.490	0.310	0.380
31	32.509	β-桉叶醇	0.150	0.084	0.130	0.110	—
32	32.678	2,10-双硼二烯-1,4-二醇	0.310	0.063	—	0.350	0.940
33	32.851	芳姜黄酮	12.010	12.170	17.440	12.990	15.070
34	32.966	姜黄酮	21.960	23.390	16.900	13.060	16.150
35	33.487	1R,2R,4S,6S,7S,8S-8-异丙基-1-甲基-3-亚甲基三环[4.4.0.02,7]癸烷-4-醇	—	0.420	0.70	—	0.690
36	33.568	吉马酮	2.920	0.640	0.60	7.950	0.390
37	33.654	β-姜黄酮	9.040	10.540	11.250	7.300	9.020
38	33.920	姜黄酚	0.250	0.360	0.560	0.520	0.510
39	34.299	姜黄醇	0.320	—	—	0.480	—
40	34.638	6r,7r-没药酮	2.480	3.120	4.230	4.270	3.780
41	35.306	(E)-大西洋酮	0.370	0.60	0.840	0.520	0.610
42	35.821	石竹-4(14),8(15)-二烯-5β-醇	—	—	0.290	0.460	0.270
43	35.995	2,10-双硼二烯-1,4-二醇	0.250	0.210	1.360	4.950	0.860
44	36.383	乌维丁	—	—	0.064	0.480	0.067
45	36.664	莪术双环烯酮	0.240	0.220	0.210	0.770	0.470
46	37.414	6-(5-羟基-4-亚甲基环己基-2-烯-1-yI)-2-甲基庚-2-烯-4-酮	0.025	0.053	0.120	0.350	0.077
47	39.004	6-甲酰基-5-羟基-10-羟甲基-3-亚甲基-2-氧代-2H,3H,3aH,4H,5H,8H,9H,11aH-环十二烷-4-甲基丁酸酯	0.380	0.190	2.230	6.030	0.410
48	39.971	紫草甘醇B	—	0.110	0.270	0.510	0.200
合计			99.222	98.385	98.285	96.047	98.394

组别	L^*	a^*	b^*	总姜黄素含量/%
冷冻干燥	79.870	1.763	52.223	1.503
自然阴干	72.713	8.503	45.033	1.841
30 ℃烘干	73.427	7.823	35.910	1.784
60 ℃烘干	66.980	9.347	48.323	1.492
晒干	69.787	8.490	47.947	1.487