氮素水平对籼粳杂交稻产量和贮藏蛋白的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230669

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氮素对稻米蛋白质含量的影响研究颇广,但籼粳杂交稻强弱势粒蛋白组分的积累动态、蛋白质分布及其对氮素的响应鲜有报道。以两个籼粳杂交稻(甬优12和甬优17)为材料,设置4个氮肥水平,即N0(不施氮)、低氮(100 kg·hm^-2)、中氮(200 kg·hm^-2)和高氮(300 kg·hm^-2),比较了产量、粒型、强弱势粒干物质积累与贮藏蛋白的积累特征。结果显示,施氮显著提高两品种的产量以及蛋白质含量,但品种间对氮素响应存在差异。甬优12在低氮下就能获得较高产量,且其蛋白质积累对氮素响应也较稳定,能实现高产优质的平衡。低氮对粒型无显著影响,高氮显著降低长宽比,导致粒重轻微下降。醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白积累过程存在此起彼伏的现象,从而维持总蛋白的相对平衡。弱势粒蛋白质含量高于强势粒,但因其粒重小导致总积累量仍然低于强势粒。贮藏蛋白主要富集在籽粒外层胚乳中,甬优17对氮素响应较甬优12更敏感。研究结果可为籼粳杂交稻的高产优质栽培技术提供理论依据。

关键词: 籼粳杂交稻, 蛋白组分, 粒型, 强弱势粒, 氮素

Abstract:

The effect of nitrogen on rice protein contents has been widely studied, but the accumulation dynamics of protein components of superior and inferior grain in large-panicle rice and their responses to nitrogen are limited reported. In this study, two indica-japonica hybrid rice were used as materials, and four nitrogen rates, namely, N0 (no nitrogen application), low nitrogen (100 kg·hm^-2), medium nitrogen (200 kg·hm^-2), and high nitrogen (300 kg·hm^-2) were adopted to compare the characteristics of yield, grain types, grain weight and storage protein accumulation in superior and inferior grains. The results showed that nitrogen application significantly increased the yield, protein content for two cultivars, but there were differences in response to nitrogen. Yongyou12 obtained a high yield under low nitrogen, and its protein content was stable under different nitrogen treatments, which can get a balance of high yield and good quality. Low nitrogen had no significant effect on grain type, while high nitrogen reduced the ratio of length to width with a small extent, resulting in a slight decrease in grain weight. There was a compensatory effect between prolamin and glutelin accumulation, thus maintaining the relative balance of storage protein. Although the protein concentration of inferior grain was higher than that of superior grain, the total content was still significantly lower than that of superior grain due to its small grain weight. The storage protein is mainly located in the outer endosperm of grains, and Yongyou17 is more sensitive in response to nitrogen than Yongyou12. The obtained results can provide a theoretical basis for the high yield and good quality cultivation techniques of indica-japonica hybrid rice.

Key words: indica-japonica hybrid rice, protein components, grain type, superior and inferior grain, nitrogen

中图分类号:

S511

孙建龙, 张新城, 任韵, 王丰颖, 陆鸿英, 钱伟红, 马善林. 氮素水平对籼粳杂交稻产量和贮藏蛋白的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(4): 823-829.

SUN Jianlong, ZHANG Xincheng, REN Yun, WANG Fengying, LU Hongying, QIAN Weihong, MA Shanlin. Effects of nitrogen rate on yield and accumulation of storage protein in indica-japonica hybrid rice[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(4): 823-829.

图/表 5

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品种	处理	穗数/(万·hm^-2)	穗粒数	结实率/%	千粒重/g	产量/(t·hm^-2)
甬优12	N0	124.5 de	438.8 abcd	84.7 abcd	19.8 c	9.1 cd
	LN	152.3 bcd	486.8 a	82.3 bcd	19.6 c	12.0 ab
	MN	152.3 bcd	468.9 ab	79.3 d	19.5 c	11.1 abc
	HN	181.2 b	443.8 abc	81.7 cd	18.8 d	12.3 a
	平均	152.5	459.6	82.0	19.4	11.1
甬优17	N0	112.8 e	365.3 de	89.5 a	20.8 b	7.5 d
	LN	143.4 cde	373.7 cde	89.8 a	20.8 b	9.9 bc
	MN	157.8 bc	396.8 bcde	86.2 abc	21.2 a	11.4 ab
	HN	193.9 a	359.0 e	87.6 ab	20.8 b	12.7 a
	平均	152.0	373.7	88.3	20.9	10.4
方差分析	品种	0.01	26.62^**	27.05^**	284.07^**	2.15
	氮	16.40^**	1.07	2.42	7.31^**	12.60^**
	品种×氮	0.70	0.33	0.23	6.59^**	1.62

品种	处理	穗数/(万·hm^-2)	穗粒数	结实率/%	千粒重/g	产量/(t·hm^-2)
甬优12	N0	124.5 de	438.8 abcd	84.7 abcd	19.8 c	9.1 cd
	LN	152.3 bcd	486.8 a	82.3 bcd	19.6 c	12.0 ab
	MN	152.3 bcd	468.9 ab	79.3 d	19.5 c	11.1 abc
	HN	181.2 b	443.8 abc	81.7 cd	18.8 d	12.3 a
	平均	152.5	459.6	82.0	19.4	11.1
甬优17	N0	112.8 e	365.3 de	89.5 a	20.8 b	7.5 d
	LN	143.4 cde	373.7 cde	89.8 a	20.8 b	9.9 bc
	MN	157.8 bc	396.8 bcde	86.2 abc	21.2 a	11.4 ab
	HN	193.9 a	359.0 e	87.6 ab	20.8 b	12.7 a
	平均	152.0	373.7	88.3	20.9	10.4
方差分析	品种	0.01	26.62^**	27.05^**	284.07^**	2.15
	氮	16.40^**	1.07	2.42	7.31^**	12.60^**
	品种×氮	0.70	0.33	0.23	6.59^**	1.62

品种	处理	精米			稻谷
品种	处理	粒长/mm	粒宽/mm	长宽比	粒长/mm	粒宽/mm	长宽比
甬优12	N0	5.53 de	2.19 b	2.53 e	7.81 d	3.19 b	2.45 c
	LN	5.54 d	2.21 ab	2.51 ef	7.80 d	3.20 b	2.44 c
	MN	5.50 e	2.22 a	2.48 g	7.89 c	3.22 a	2.45 c
	HN	5.50 e	2.21 ab	2.48 g	7.81 d	3.24 a	2.41 d
	平均	5.52	2.21	2.50	7.82	3.21	2.44
甬优17	N0	6.07 a	2.11 c	2.87 b	8.52 a	3.15 c	2.70 a
	LN	5.89 c	2.11 c	2.80 d	8.52 a	3.20 b	2.66 b
	MN	6.03 b	2.06 d	2.93 a	8.43 b	3.17 c	2.66 b
	HN	5.93 c	2.09 c	2.84 c	8.40 b	3.16 c	2.66 b
	平均	5.98	2.09	2.86	8.47	3.17	2.67
方差分析	品种	3 162.50^**	489.90^**	4 791.30^**	3 444.90^**	96.30^**	7 240.30^**
	氮	25.60^**	2.10	24.23^**	6.30^**	10.00^**	36.80^**
	品种×氮	28.80^**	12.90^**	45.80^**	16.70^**	18.00^**	13.30^**

品种	处理	精米			稻谷
品种	处理	粒长/mm	粒宽/mm	长宽比	粒长/mm	粒宽/mm	长宽比
甬优12	N0	5.53 de	2.19 b	2.53 e	7.81 d	3.19 b	2.45 c
	LN	5.54 d	2.21 ab	2.51 ef	7.80 d	3.20 b	2.44 c
	MN	5.50 e	2.22 a	2.48 g	7.89 c	3.22 a	2.45 c
	HN	5.50 e	2.21 ab	2.48 g	7.81 d	3.24 a	2.41 d
	平均	5.52	2.21	2.50	7.82	3.21	2.44
甬优17	N0	6.07 a	2.11 c	2.87 b	8.52 a	3.15 c	2.70 a
	LN	5.89 c	2.11 c	2.80 d	8.52 a	3.20 b	2.66 b
	MN	6.03 b	2.06 d	2.93 a	8.43 b	3.17 c	2.66 b
	HN	5.93 c	2.09 c	2.84 c	8.40 b	3.16 c	2.66 b
	平均	5.98	2.09	2.86	8.47	3.17	2.67
方差分析	品种	3 162.50^**	489.90^**	4 791.30^**	3 444.90^**	96.30^**	7 240.30^**
	氮	25.60^**	2.10	24.23^**	6.30^**	10.00^**	36.80^**
	品种×氮	28.80^**	12.90^**	45.80^**	16.70^**	18.00^**	13.30^**