不同季节营养液定量管理对无土栽培迷你型萝卜生长和养分含量的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230813

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究3个不同生长季低于最适营养液浓度的定量栽培对迷你型萝卜生长和养分含量的影响。试验设定3个处理:硝态氮浓度为500(T1)、400(T2)和300(T3)mg·株^-1,分别为最适浓度的60%、50%和40%,在春、秋和冬3个生长季测定水培迷你型萝卜地上部和地下部生长、各部位养分和硝酸盐含量等。结果显示,春季各处理均达到商品质量,地下部鲜重最高为T1处理达到54.5 g,但秋、冬季地下部生长较春季缓慢,叶长显著增加。3个季节各处理地上部和地下部N、K、Ca等营养元素含量变化不大,但硝酸盐含量呈不规律变化,今后还有待进一步研究。综合考虑,适合无土栽培周年生产迷你型萝卜的最适硝态氮浓度为400 mg·株^-1。

关键词: 定量管理, 硝酸盐, 迷你型萝卜

Abstract:

In this article, the effects of quantitative nutrient management below the optimal nutrient solution concentration on the growth and nutrient contents of mini radish in three different growing seasons were studied. Three treatments were set in the experiment: 500(T1), 400(T2) and 300 (T3) mg nitrate nitrogen per plant, which were 60%, 50% and 40% of the optimum concentration, respectively. The above-ground and underground growth, nutrient contents and nitrate contents in different parts of mini radish with soilless culture were measured in spring, autumn and winter. The results showed that all treatments reached the commercial weight in spring, and the highest weight of underground part reached 54.5 g (T1 treatment), but the growth of underground part in autumn and winter were slower than that in spring, and the leaf length increased significantly. In the three growing seasons, the nutrient contents of N, K and Ca in the above-ground and underground were little changed, but the nitrate contents changed irregularly, which needs further study in the future. In overall consideration, the optimum concentration of nitrate nitrogen was 400 mg per plant, which was suitable for the annual production of mini radish with soilless culture.

Key words: quantitative nutrient management, nitrate, mini radish

中图分类号:

S631.1

李慧霞, 刘伟, 周刚, 袁鹤, 张笑妹, 李虹, 袁圣良, 杨瑞. 不同季节营养液定量管理对无土栽培迷你型萝卜生长和养分含量的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(5): 1159-1164.

LI Huixia, LIU Wei, ZHOU Gang, YUAN He, ZHANG Xiaomei, LI Hong, YUAN Shengliang, YANG Rui. Effects of quantitative nutrient management on the growth and nutrient contents of mini radish with soilless culture in different growing seasons[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(5): 1159-1164.

图/表 6

表1 Nutrient composition used in different treatments 单位:g

Table 1

处理	KNO₃	MgSO₄·7H₂O	KH₂PO₄	Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O
T1	8.7	5.3	5.4	5.1
T2	6.9	4.2	4.3	4.1
T3	5.2	3.2	3.3	3.0

表2 不同营养液定量管理对迷你型萝卜不同生长季生长特性的影响

Table 2 Effects of different quantitative nutrient management on the growth characteristics of mini radish in different growing seasons

处理	叶长/cm				叶片数				胚轴直径/cm
处理	春季	秋季		冬季	春季	秋季		冬季	春季	秋季		冬季
T1	13.2 a B	19.3 ab A		18.9 a A	7.1 a A	7.3 ab A		7.4 a A	2.2 a B	2.9 a A		2.3 a B
T2	12.5 ab B	20.8 a A		19.1 a A	7.0 a B	7.9 a A		7.9 a A	2.1 a B	3.0 a A		2.3 a B
T3	11.1 b B	17.6 b A		17.7 b A	6.9 a AB	6.7 b B		7.7 a A	2.0 a A	2.1 b A		2.2 a A
处理	地上部鲜重/g						地下部鲜重/g
处理	春季		秋季		冬季		春季		秋季		冬季
T1	12.8 a A		11.9 ab A		11.8 a A		54.5 a A		38.9 a B		32.5 a B
T2	13.1 a A		13.0 a A		10.3 ab B		53.7 a A		37.3 a B		33.8 a B
T3	8.8 b A		8.5 b A		8.9 b A		45.6 b A		27.7 b B		31.4 a B

表3 不同营养液定量管理对春季迷你型萝卜无机离子含量的影响

Table 3 Effect of quantitative management of different nutrient solutions on the inorganic ion content of mini radish in spring

生长部位	处理	N含量/ (mg·g^-1)	P含量/ (mg·g^-1)	K含量/ (mg·g^-1)	Ca含量/ (mg·g^-1)	Mg含量/ (mg·g^-1)	$NO 3 -$ 含量/ (mg·kg^-1)
地上部	T1	56 a	4 a	44 a	51 a	9 a	1 745 a
	T2	51 b	4 a	35 b	47 a	8 a	1 560 a
	T3	49 b	3 a	36 b	46 a	8 a	980 b
地下部	T1	27 a	1 a	82 a	2 a	2 a	1 230 a
	T2	25 ab	1 a	76 b	2 a	2 a	773 b
	T3	23 b	1 a	75 b	2 a	2 a	1 020 a

表3 不同营养液定量管理对春季迷你型萝卜无机离子含量的影响

Table 3 Effect of quantitative management of different nutrient solutions on the inorganic ion content of mini radish in spring

生长部位	处理	N含量/ (mg·g^-1)	P含量/ (mg·g^-1)	K含量/ (mg·g^-1)	Ca含量/ (mg·g^-1)	Mg含量/ (mg·g^-1)	$NO 3 -$ 含量/ (mg·kg^-1)
地上部	T1	56 a	4 a	44 a	51 a	9 a	1 745 a
	T2	51 b	4 a	35 b	47 a	8 a	1 560 a
	T3	49 b	3 a	36 b	46 a	8 a	980 b
地下部	T1	27 a	1 a	82 a	2 a	2 a	1 230 a
	T2	25 ab	1 a	76 b	2 a	2 a	773 b
	T3	23 b	1 a	75 b	2 a	2 a	1 020 a

表4 不同营养液定量管理对秋季迷你型萝卜无机离子含量的影响

Table 4 Effect of quantitative management of different nutrient solutions on the inorganic ion content of mini radish in autumn

生长部位	处理	N含量/ (mg·g^-1)	P含量/ (mg·g^-1)	K含量/ (mg·g^-1)	Ca含量/ (mg·g^-1)	Mg含量/ (mg·g^-1)	$NO 3 -$ 含量/ (mg·kg^-1)
地上部	T1	53 a	6 a	41 a	40 b	8 a	1 425 a
	T2	54 a	7 a	42 a	49 a	6 a	3 67 b
	T3	53 a	8 a	37 b	44 ab	7 a	1 308 a
地下部	T1	25 a	6 a	75 b	4 a	2 a	1 550 a
	T2	25 a	6 a	76 b	4 a	2 a	467 c
	T3	24 a	5 a	82 a	6 a	2 a	1 092 b

表4 不同营养液定量管理对秋季迷你型萝卜无机离子含量的影响

Table 4 Effect of quantitative management of different nutrient solutions on the inorganic ion content of mini radish in autumn

生长部位	处理	N含量/ (mg·g^-1)	P含量/ (mg·g^-1)	K含量/ (mg·g^-1)	Ca含量/ (mg·g^-1)	Mg含量/ (mg·g^-1)	$NO 3 -$ 含量/ (mg·kg^-1)
地上部	T1	53 a	6 a	41 a	40 b	8 a	1 425 a
	T2	54 a	7 a	42 a	49 a	6 a	3 67 b
	T3	53 a	8 a	37 b	44 ab	7 a	1 308 a
地下部	T1	25 a	6 a	75 b	4 a	2 a	1 550 a
	T2	25 a	6 a	76 b	4 a	2 a	467 c
	T3	24 a	5 a	82 a	6 a	2 a	1 092 b

表5 不同营养液定量管理对冬季迷你型萝卜无机离子含量的影响

Table 5 Effect of quantitative management of different nutrient solutions on the inorganic ion content of mini radish in winter

生长部位	处理	N含量/ (mg·g^-1)	P含量/ (mg·g^-1)	K含量/ (mg·g^-1)	Ca含量/ (mg·g^-1)	Mg含量/ (mg·g^-1)	$NO 3 -$ 含量/ (mg·kg^-1)
地上部	T1	46 b	3 a	38 b	50 a	9 a	400 c
	T2	48 ab	3 a	41 b	47 a	8 a	780 b
	T3	51 a	3 a	49 a	46 a	8 a	1 260 a
地下部	T1	18 a	2 a	72 a	2 a	2 a	450 a
	T2	18 a	2 a	75 a	2 a	2 a	480 a
	T3	16 a	3 a	76 a	2 a	2 a	453 a

表5 不同营养液定量管理对冬季迷你型萝卜无机离子含量的影响

Table 5 Effect of quantitative management of different nutrient solutions on the inorganic ion content of mini radish in winter

生长部位	处理	N含量/ (mg·g^-1)	P含量/ (mg·g^-1)	K含量/ (mg·g^-1)	Ca含量/ (mg·g^-1)	Mg含量/ (mg·g^-1)	$NO 3 -$ 含量/ (mg·kg^-1)
地上部	T1	46 b	3 a	38 b	50 a	9 a	400 c
	T2	48 ab	3 a	41 b	47 a	8 a	780 b
	T3	51 a	3 a	49 a	46 a	8 a	1 260 a
地下部	T1	18 a	2 a	72 a	2 a	2 a	450 a
	T2	18 a	2 a	75 a	2 a	2 a	480 a
	T3	16 a	3 a	76 a	2 a	2 a	453 a

图1 3个季节不同处理营养液中硝态氮浓度变化

Fig.1 Changes in nitrate concentration in nutrient solution under different treatments in three seasons

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