Abstract:

Soil nutrients are the main evaluation indicators of soil fertility, which have an important impact on the growth and development of loquats and the quality of their fruits. In order to accurately understand the nutrient status of the planting soil in the main loquat orchards in Lanxi City, this study used 29 soil samples from loquat orchards with different geographical distributions in Lanxi City and corresponding leaf samples from the orchards as test materials to determine indicators such as pH value, organic matter, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, available boron, exchangeable calcium, and exchangeable magnesium contents. The results showed that only 37.92% of loquat orchards in Lanxi were found to have moderate to abundant organic matter levels; 79.31% of the soil in the loquat orchards was slightly acidic. Hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus in the soil of each orchard were at a rich level, and only one orchard showed a lack of available potassium content; 58.62% of soil exchangeable calcium was at a moderate suitable value or above, but 79.32% of soil samples had exchangeable magnesium at an extremely deficient level; The content of trace elements boron and zinc in the soil was basically at a moderate to rich level. According to the results of leaf mineral element detection, it was found that the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium elements in all 22 orchard samples did not meet the standard values, and 72.73% of the samples lacked calcium and 81.82% lacked boron. The comprehensive soil and leaf nutrient analysis standards were used to diagnose the nutritional status of loquat orchards in Lanxi City. The results showed that the overall soil fertility of the loquat orchards in Lanxi City was low, and the distribution of soil nutrients in each park was uneven and varied greatly. Moreover, the soil pH value is slightly acidic, leading to the unabsorption of nutrients in the soil by the loquat tree, which was the main factor causing poor resistance, yield, and fruit quality decline of the loquat tree in Lanxi City. Therefore, in terms of production, each loquat orchard in Lanxi City should apply formula fertilization based on the nutritional diagnosis of soil and leaves. By increasing the application of organic fertilizer and suitable application of quicklime to improve soil acidity, reducing the application of compound fertilizer, increasing the application of medium amount elemental fertilizer, and other methods could improve and enhance the soil fertility of the orchard, enhance tree resistance, and achieve increased yield and quality of Lanxi loquat.

Key words: loquat orchard, soil nutrients, distribution characteristics, fertility evaluation, nutrition diagnosis