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Investigation of soil silicon content in safe utilization paddy fields in Zhejiang Province and effect of silicon application on increasing rice yield and decreasing cadmium Juanhua TAO, Qiwei SHI, Mingkui ZHANG 2024, 65 (2):  249-252.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230124 Abstract ( 222 )   HTML ( 254 )   PDF (1072KB) ( 342 )   The investigation showed that content of soil available silicon in the safe utilization type of polluted paddy fields in Zhejiang Province was between 28-166 mg·kg-1. Most of the paddy fields had medium or low available silicon, and the problem of soil silicon deficiency in the province was more prominent. Average content of soil available silicon decreased in the order of coastal plain>water network plain>valley plain, which increased with the increase of soil pH value and clay content. The results of nine silicon fertilizer experiments showed that application of basal silicon fertilizer had an obvious effect on increasing rice grain yield by 4.75%-13.71%, and reducing cadmium in brown rice by 6.92%-32.73%. Foliar spraying of silicon fertilizer had no obvious effect on rice yield, but could reduce the content of cadmium in brown rice by 5.19%-18.18%. The effect of silicon fertilizer on increasing rice yield and reducing cadmium in brown rice increased with the decrease of soil available silicon. The results showed that basic silicon fertilizer was a good measure to increase rice yield and reduce cadmium in brown rice on polluted paddy fields with low soil available silicon in Zhejiang Province. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the effect of nitrogen reduction and efficiency increase of deep fertilization on rice machine insertion Yan ZHANG, Xiaokai FAN, Ruiheng XU, Ying WANG, Cuilian LIU, Haibin XIN 2024, 65 (2):  253-257.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20221268 Abstract ( 166 )   HTML ( 35 )   PDF (1086KB) ( 352 )   In this study, we explored the effects of different fertilization rates and fertilization methods on the yield components, stem tillering dynamics and economic benefits of Nanjing 5055 by deep application of slow-release fertilizer on the machine cutting side of rice, so as to explore the fertilization methods suitable for local large growers. The results showed that, compared with the conventional fertilization method, the deep fertilization on the side could effectively improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, seed setting rate, grain number per spike and economic benefits, but reduced the panicle rate; under the same total nitrogen application rate and different deep fertilization rates on the side of slow-release fertilizer, the cost of one-time fertilization was the highest and the yield was the lowest, with the reduction of the amount of slow-release fertilizer, the cost was reduced, the deep application of 420 kg·hm-2 on the side of slow-release fertilizer, the topdressing of tillers and the fertilization mode of compound fertilizer at panicle stage could reach the maximum. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of reduction of organic slow-release fertilizer application rates and time on late rice yield in Wucheng Distrist Minhua JIANG, Yi DING, Haoran MENG, Kuan LI, Chao ZHANG, Yimin PAN 2024, 65 (2):  258-261.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20220929 Abstract ( 156 )   HTML ( 111 )   PDF (1052KB) ( 323 )   On the basis of conventional fertilization, organic slow-release fertilizer was applied to test the effects of equal nitrogen input, nitrogen reduction and application time reduction on late rice production in Wucheng District. The results showed that compared with conventional treatments, the yield of late rice was significantly increased under equal nitrogen input treatment, slightly increased under nitrogen reduction by 20%, slightly decreased under equal nitrogen without topdressing and significantly decreased under nitrogen reduction by 40%. Organic slow-release fertilizer is an excellent slow-release fertilizer. For rice cultivation in Wucheng District, organic slow-release fertilizer can be used instead of general balanced compound fertilizer. The application method is one base fertilizer and one topdressing, which can save the time and labor compared with conventional fertilization, and can also appropriately reduce the fertilizer input to achieve the goal of reducing quantity and increasing efficiency simultaneously. In addition, organic slow-release fertilizer can also be applied as one-time base fertilization, however, fertilization reduction was not recommended. Meanwhile, more attention should be paid to the growth of rice, if a phenomenon of shortage of fertilizer supply occurred in the later growth stage, fertilization should be applied timely. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of biochar-based fertilizer on physical and chemical properties of paddy soil,crop yield,and fertilizer reduction Huifang JIN, Guofu KONG, Fangzhen LI, Xiujuan WEN, Binghu XIAO, Yefang SUN, Haibo ZHANG 2024, 65 (2):  262-267.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20231051 Abstract ( 218 )   HTML ( 59 )   PDF (2095KB) ( 517 )   In order to explore the effects of biochar-based fertilizer on the soil-rice system of farmland, this study was based on long-term monoculture paddy field, using rice as the test material, and setting up five treatments to explore the responses of soil physicochemical properties, rice yield and fertilizer application rate to biochar-based fertilizer application. The results showed that biochar-based fertilizer could improve soil physicochemical properties. Among them, BC treatment could effectively increase soil pH value, OBF treatment had a better effect on soil organic matter and phosphorus content, OIBF treatment could help increase soil nitrogen and potassium content, and IBF treatment was more beneficial to increase the available medium elements in soil. At the same time, the application of carbon-based fertilizer can improve rice yield. The results showed that the single panicle of rice was the heaviest, the highest number of grains per panicle, the highest seed setting rate, and the corresponding theoretical yield of 9 915 kg·hm-2 after OIBF treatment. The application of carbon-based fertilizers reduced the amount of chemical fertilizers. In general, the application of carbon-based fertilizer can effectively improve the soil degradation caused by partial fertilizer application and the subsequent crop yield problem, while the combined application effect of organic and inorganic carbon-based fertilizer is the most ideal. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different zinc application methods on rice growth Yupei CHEN, Jianqiang LI, Haimin XU, Zhonglin WANG, Yingjie SHAN, Jie WANG, Weifeng ZHU, Ruohui LU 2024, 65 (2):  268-271.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20221196 Abstract ( 182 )   HTML ( 117 )   PDF (1081KB) ( 342 )   In order to study the effects of different zinc application methods on rice growth, experiments were carried out in three paddy field experimental sites in Zhejiang Province. The effects of different fertilization rates, different rice varieties and different fertilizers on the zinc application in rice were studied, and the effects of different treatments on rice growth, grain yield and nutrient content were compared with the treatment without zinc fertilizer. The results showed that the appropriate application of zinc fertilizer could promote the growth of rice, increase the yield and nutrient content of rice, but excessive zinc application would lead to the decrease of fertilizer efficiency. The effect of zinc application to increase yield was also affected by rice varieties and fertilization methods, inorganic zinc fertilizer was suitable for basal fertilizer, organic zinc fertilizer was suitable for foliar fertilizer application, and the combination of basal application and foliar spraying had the best effect on yield increase. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics and seed production technology of hybrid rice variety Zhongzheyou 26 Xinxin XU, Chenguang ZHANG, Yousong ZHAN, Guocheng HU, Hanhua TONG 2024, 65 (2):  272-275.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20221290 Abstract ( 137 )   HTML ( 445 )   PDF (1059KB) ( 335 )   Zhongzheyou 26 is a new high-quality hybrid rice variety bred by Zhejiang Wuwangnong Seed Industry Co., Ltd. and China Rice Research Institute using Zhongzhejiang 2A and F1436, which passed the national registration and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region registration in 2020. Zhejiang Longyou Wuguxiang Seed Industry Co., Ltd. introduced Zhongzheyou 26 for experimental planting in 2019, and the field trail showed good yield, high quality, fertilizer tolerance and lodging resistance, and strong resistance to white leaf blight and rice blast. At the same time, 2 years of Zhongzheyou 26 seed production work was carried out in Longyou. Based on the field performance and seed production practice of Longyou, Zhejiang, combined with the characteristics of the parents, a safe and high-yield seed production technology suitable for Zhongzheyou 26 in western Zhejiang was proposed. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental analysis of new rice varieties in Yuhang District Dong QIAN, Yikan CHEN, Shunmao WANG, Jing YE, Guofu ZHU, Shenghai YE 2024, 65 (2):  276-278.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20220795 Abstract ( 151 )   HTML ( 256 )   PDF (1059KB) ( 331 )   In order to screen out the excellent rice varieties suitable for planting in Yuhang, and grasp the characteristics and production performance of the main varieties of late rice, according to the unified arrangement of Zhejiang Provincial Seed Management Station and Hangzhou Seed Service Station, combined with the actual production of late rice in Yuhang District, a demonstration test was carried out. The results showed that the indica-japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 7872 and the conventional late japonica rice Zhongjia 8 had a shorter growth period and higher yield. In addition, the phenotype of the yield components of Zhehujing 25 was relatively average, the yield was relatively stable, the increase rate was higher, the resistance was good, and the comprehensive performance was good. Yongyou 7872, Zhongjia 8 and Zhehujing 25 are suitable for further promotion and planting in Yuhang District. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Selection of winter wheat varieties suitable for wide extension in Beijing Li MEI, Fanyu MENG, Jihong ZHOU, Junying WANG, Jun LUO, Wanhong FENG, Fei GAO, Yan WANG, Yang ZHANG 2024, 65 (2):  279-286.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20221228 Abstract ( 122 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF (1151KB) ( 281 )   In order to solve the problems of multiple, random and miscellaneous varieties planted in Beijing wheat production, 10 new wheat varieties with water saving, high quality and high yield were screened at three locations in Miyun, Shunyi and Fangshan District. The results showed that the yield of Nongda 3486 and Zhongmai 1062 were significantly higher than that of other varieties at three points, with the yield ranging from 7 500.0 to 9 667.5 and 7 666.5 to 9 834.2 kg·hm-2, respectively. The plant height of the two cultivars were moderate, ranging from 70.3 to 75.5 cm and 72.4 to 77.4 cm, respectively, and their cold resistance were good, with the death rate of overwintering seedlings being 0.5%-2.0%, 1.8%-2.2%, and the death rate of stem being 4.0%-4.7%, 4.0%-10.0%, respectively. The dry weight of single plant was higher before overwintering and during turning green period of the two varieties, and they could be planted in large area in Beijing suburbs in the future. The yield performance of Huamai 18 in Miyun District and Zhongmai 886 in Fangshan District were not significantly different from that of Nongda 3486 and Zhongmai 1062. The rate of dead seedling and stem were 3.0% and 1.2%, 4.0% and 8.5%, respectively. The high and stable yield could be confirmed by demonstration planting in future. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different cultivation conditions on cultivable microorganisms in wheat rhizosphere Luqiong LYU, Younan OUYANG, Shuzhen YE, Yuxin YOU, Bin LI, Yanli WANG 2024, 65 (2):  287-291.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230068 Abstract ( 140 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (2959KB) ( 247 )   The rhizosphere microbial community of plants has a significant impact on their healthy growth, and isolating and cultivating their microorganisms is of great significance for promoting crop growth and yield increase. During the process of microbial cultivation, the type of culture medium and oxygenation capacity have different effects on the enrichment of rhizosphere microorganisms. This study used 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis to analyze the characteristics and functions of wheat rhizosphere bacterial communities under different cultivation conditions. Research has shown that the microbial community in the rhizosphere of wheat is mainly composed of γ-Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, and Bacillus, and the type of culture medium and oxygen content significantly affect their abundance. The functional prediction of FAPROTAX indicated that the dominant microbial community in wheat rhizosphere microorganisms is mainly related to functions such as chemical heterotrophic, fermentation, carbon cycling, nitrogen cycling, and iron respiration, which played an important role in plant growth and development. The research results provided important basis for the cultivation of wheat rhizosphere microorganisms and the development and utilization of microbial resources. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Field fertilizer efficiency test of wheat quota application of slow-release fertilizer Yiming JIN, Bingfang LUO, Liansong MAO, Zhixin TAN 2024, 65 (2):  292-295.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20221277 Abstract ( 126 )   HTML ( 85 )   PDF (1071KB) ( 315 )   In order to simplify wheat fertilization, slow-release fertilizers were selected to carry out field fertilizer efficiency experiments in line with wheat quota fertilization standards. The results showed that when the nitrogen was reduced by 20% and the total nutrient input was reduced by 10%-13%, the yield of wheat increased by 9.5%-17.0%, which was mainly achieved by increasing the number of grains per panicle by 1.0-1.7, or increasing the effective panicle number per unit area and 1 000-grain weight. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different combinations of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on tea yield and quality Dongxing WANG, Juanhua TAO, Qiwei SHI, Yanan WANG, Jinchuan MA 2024, 65 (2):  296-300.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20231007 Abstract ( 233 )   HTML ( 78 )   PDF (3476KB) ( 402 )   Using Longjing 43 as the material, the effects of organic fertilizers of tea residue, biological organic fertilizer and silkworm excrement organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer on the yield and quality of tea were studied. The results showed that the combined application of three kinds of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizer could significantly increase the soil pH, the content of available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter. The combined application of silkworm excrement organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer significantly improved the soil basic physical and chemical indexes and increased yield (33.9%), compared with other treatments. The organic fertilizer of tea residue and biological organic fertilizer treatments could significantly increase the content of total chlorophyll in leaves, with an increment of 16.8% and 15.4%, in which the improvement effect on chlorophyll b content was better than that on chlorophyll a. The combined application of silkworm excrement organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer could significantly increase the content of free amino acids in leaves by 16.5%. The combined application of biological organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer could significantly increase the content of tea polyphenols in leaves by 25.4%. The results of this study can provide a reference for the application of organic fertilizers in the process of tea production based on yield and quality. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of exogenous substances on yield and quality of upper tobacco leaves Bo LI 2024, 65 (2):  301-306.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20221234 Abstract ( 132 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1107KB) ( 411 )   In order to promote the opening of upper tobacco leaves of Nanping flue-cured tobacco, reduce the nicotine content, increase the sugar-base ratio, improve the coordination of chemical components, reduce irritation, and improve the quality and availability of upper tobacco leaves, the main local cultivar Yunyan 87 was used as the experimental material to study the effects of plant growth regulator brassinolide (BL) and forchlorfenuron (KT-30) on the growth and development of tobacco plants and the yield and quality of upper tobacco leaves after toiling, providing technical basis for improving the individual and population structure of tobacco plants, promoting the opening of upper tobacco leaves and improving the availability of upper leaves. Through the field test, a random block design was adopted, 7 treatments were set up, namely CK, spraying water; T1, brassinolide (BL) 5 mg·L-1; T2, brassinolide (BL) 10 mg·L-1; T3, brassinolide (BL) 20 mg·L-1; T4, forchlorfenuron (KT-30) 25 mg·L-1; T5, forchlorfenuron (KT-30) 50 mg·L-1; T6, forchlorfenuron (KT-30) 75 mg·L-1, each treatment was repeated for 3 times. The results showed that spraying a certain concentration of clopifenuron could promote the opening of the upper tobacco leaves and increase the area of the upper tobacco leaves, while brassinolide hindered the opening of the upper tobacco leaves. Spraying a certain concentration of clopifenuron and brassinolide can improve the maturity and appearance quality of tobacco leaves. The sensory quality of tobacco leaves was significantly improved by spraying forchlorfenuron and brassinolide, among which T2 and T6 treatments had the highest score of 61.80 points, 3.80 points higher than the control. Spraying a certain concentration of forchlorfenuron and brassinolide could reduce the nicotine content, increase the sugar-base ratio, increase the potassium content, coordinate the conventional chemical components, and improve the taste of tobacco leaves. The production and output value of the upper part and the proportion of high-grade tobacco can be significantly increased by spraying forchlorfenuron, among which the production and output value of T4 and T6 treatments are the highest. In conclusion, forchlorfenuron spraying was superior to brassinolide in all aspects of tobacco leaf improvement, and T6 treatment with 75 mg·L-1 forchlorfenuron spraying had the best effect. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of structural optimization on yield and quality of tobacco upper leaf in Tongren Cheng YANG, Yongfeng AI, Bowen LU, Dajiang SONG, Fenghua PAN 2024, 65 (2):  307-313.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20220819 Abstract ( 113 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF (1134KB) ( 435 )   Through the effects of different topping stage and remained leaf number on agronomic and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco, the individual development and population structure of tobacco plants were improved, reasonable plant type was established, and the yield and quality of upper tobacco leaves was improved, and then the quality and industrial availability of upper tobacco leaves of Tongren flue-cured tobacco were improved, providing a theoretical basis for the high-quality production of upper tobacco leaves of Tongren. Through the field experiment, a two-factor and three-level random block design was adopted. The two factors were topping stage and remained leaf number, the topping stage was recorded as A; the three levels were bud stage (A1), initial flowering stage (A2) and full flowering stage (A3), the remained leaf number was recorded as B; the three levels were 18 pieces (B1), 20 pieces (B2) and 22 pieces (B3), and each treatment was repeated 3 times. The results showed that the maximum leaf area, the area of the uppermost leaf area and the area of the third leaf from the top increased first and then decreased with the increase of the remained leaf number in the same topping stage. The topping stage had little effect on the economic properties of flue-cured tobacco, but with the increase of the remained leaf number, the yield, average price, output value and proportion of high-grade tobacco gradually decreased, and the proportion of medium and high-grade tobacco was higher under A2B2 and A2B1 treatment, which were 98.63% and 98.55%, respectively. The appearance quality and sensory quality scores of cured tobacco leaves were the highest, 7.38 and 69.10 points, respectively. With the increase of the remained leaf number, the indices of total sugar content, reducing sugar content, sugar-base ratio and potassium-chlorine ratio all increased first and then decreased at the peak of bud stage, while the nicotinic, total nitrogen, potassium and chlorine all decreased first and then increased, and the ratio of two sugar gradually decreased. At the peak of early flowering, the contents of total sugar and reducing sugar gradually decreased, the contents of nicotine and total nitrogen and the ratio of potassium to chlorine first decreased and then increased, the ratio of potassium, chlorine and the ratio of two sugar gradually increased, and the ratio of sugar-nicotine first increased and then decreased. At the peak of flowering stage, the content of total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen and the ratio of sugar-nicotine increased first and then decreased, the content of nicotine and the ratio of potassium to chlorine decreased first and then increased, and the content of potassium and the ratio of two sugar gradually increased. All in all, topping and leaving 20 leaves at the bud stage can improve the agronomic traits of tobacco plants, improve the appearance quality and sensory quality of tobacco leaves, the chemical composition content is suitable and the coordination is better, and the economic properties are relatively good, which can be demonstrated and applied in Tongren tobacco-growing area. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of fertilizer synergist on growth and development of flue-cured tobacco and yield and quality of upper tobacco leaves Wenjun ZHANG, Chengliang XIONG, Qingfu ZHANG, Weiyuan YAO, Tao XIA, Song GUO, Liu YANG 2024, 65 (2):  314-319.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20221219 Abstract ( 138 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1120KB) ( 419 )   In order to improve fertilizer utilization rate, reduce nicotine content in upper tobacco leaves, improve tobacco quality, increase flue-cured tobacco yield and promote farmers' income, this experiment studied the effects of fertilizer synergist γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) on the growth and yield of flue-cured tobacco in Changsha tobacco-growing area, and explored the suitable application period of fertilizer synergist for Changsha high-quality flue-cured tobacco production. Through the field experiment, a random block design was adopted, and a total of 4 treatments were set up (CK, local conventional fertilization; T1, increased application of synergistic agents in the rosette stage; T2, increased application of synergistic agent in the early stage of vigorous growth; T3, increased application of synergists during both the rosette stage and the early stage of vigorous growth, and each treatment was repeated 3 times). The results showed that compared with CK, adding fertilizer enhancer was beneficial to increase fertilizer utilization rate and improve agronomic traits of tobacco plants. In particular, T3 treatment significantly increased plant height, the area of the uppermost leaf and the third leaf from the top by 7.75%, 29.45% and 15.63% compared with control, respectively. The SPAD value of the third leaf from the top was increased to improve the economic characteristics of tobacco leaves, increase the yield and output value, and improve the grade structure of tobacco leaves. Among them, the yield, output value and proportion of high-grade tobacco under T3 treatment were the highest, which were significantly increased by 32.05%, 34.35% and 5.70 percentage points compared with the control, respectively. There was no obvious difference in the appearance quality of the upper tobacco leaves after all treatments. However, the chemical content of tobacco leaves was suitable, and T3 treatment reduced the nicotine content of upper tobacco leaves to 3.07%, and the coordination was good. T3 treatment improved the sensory quality of upper tobacco leaves, and its total score was 63.50 points, 2.00 points higher than that of control. In summary, T3 treatment with fertilizer synergist γ-polyglutamic acid applied at the rosette stage and the early stage of vigorous growth was conducive to improving fertilizer utilization rate, improving agronomic traits of tobacco plants, increasing SPAD value of upper tobacco leaves, improving economic properties of flue-cured tobacco leaves, improving grade structure of tobacco leaves, reducing nicotine content of upper tobacco leaves, basically coordinating chemical composition, and improving sensory quality of upper tobacco leaves. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative analysis of chemical components and antioxidant capacity of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum based on different provenances:taking Fuyang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province for example Xigen CHEN, Hanjing SUN, Lijun YANG, Qiang MIAO, Luomei ZHU, Xiaojun CAI 2024, 65 (2):  320-324.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230956 Abstract ( 156 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (2961KB) ( 308 )   Based on the content of total flavonoids, total polyphenols and polysaccharides and the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS component analysis, five provenances of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum found in Fuyang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province were detected with DPPH radical scavenging ability and ABTS radical scavenging ability as evaluation indexes. It was found that the total polysaccharides, flavonoids, and phenols content of Shizhu 1, 4, and 5 were significantly higher than those of Shizhu 2 and 3, But the free radical scavenging ability of DPPH and ABTS was better than that of Shizhu 4 and 5. The results could provide basic data support for the classification, preservation, identification and evaluation of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum germplasm resources in Fuyang District. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of hormones and sugar on rooting culture of Fritilaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C.Hsia Hurun ZI, Yanjuan ZHAO, Shichao GUAN, Juan SU, Feng WEN, Yurong ZHANG, Xiao WANG, Jingrui LI, Jian YUE 2024, 65 (2):  325-328.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20221201 Abstract ( 138 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1089KB) ( 371 )   In this study, the 90-day-old buds of Fritilaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C.Hsia were used as experimental materials, and different concentrations of hormones and sugars were added to study their effects on the rooting of Fritilaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C.Hsia in tissue culture, and the most suitable rooting medium for Fritilaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C.Hsia was screened. The results showed that the rooting medium was MS+9.4 g·L-1 car+0.5 mL·L-1 NAA+0.5 mL·L-1 IBA+30 g·L-1 sucrose had the best rooting effect, with a rooting rate of 81.3%, a thick root system, and the largest number of effective roots, with an average of 3.4 roots per plant, and no pollution. This study provides a reference for the establishment of a fast propagation system for tissue culture and large-scale standardized production of excellent Fritilaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C.Hsia seedlings in the future. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of high-throughput sequencing technology in the study of microbial diversity of medicinal plants Xia HAN, Jiali FANG, Shenkuner MENG, Xiaoyao ZHU, Nan LI, Haihong WEN 2024, 65 (2):  329-334.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230223 Abstract ( 180 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (1134KB) ( 454 )   Medicinal plants have always been a rich resource pool for producing natural products, which have broad medical and medicinal prospects.Beneficial microorganisms of medicinal plants have significant effects on their growth and development, stress resistance, synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites.Due to the limited factors such as excessive picking and destruction of living environment of medicinal plants, the resources of wild medicinal materials are scarce. Therefore, a large number of medicinal plant resources can only be obtained through artificial cultivation and cultivation, but artificial cultivation cannot simulate the real growing environment of wild medicinal materials.Studies have shown that to improve the yield and quality of medicinal plants and realize the application potential of beneficial microorganisms of medicinal plants, it is very necessary to study medicinal plant microorganisms.High-throughput sequencing technology has greatly changed many areas of research on medicinal plant microorganisms.It has become a hot field for researchers to explore the microbial diversity of medicinal plants using high-throughput sequencing technology.In this paper, through the summary of relevant literature, the research progress of the application of high-throughput sequencing technology in four aspects of microbial species diversity, structural diversity, functional diversity and genetic (gene) diversity of medicinal plants in recent years was reviewed, and the existing problems and development trends of high-throughput sequencing technology in its application were summarized and prospected.It provides reference for our subsequent understanding of microbial diversity of medicinal plants. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Selection of hydroponic nutrient solution for Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.at seedling stage Jin ZHOU, Jun LIU, Yinxiu HEI, Jianglai XU, Xiuyuan WANG 2024, 65 (2):  335-339.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20220826 Abstract ( 137 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (6145KB) ( 227 )   In order to select suitable nutrient solution formulas for hydroponic cultivation of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. seedlings, a floating cultivation model was used to study the effects of different nutrient solution formulas on biomass and morphological indicators of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum seedlings. The results showed that in terms of biomass and morphological indicators of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, formula A had the most lateral branches, large and numerous leaves, large crown width, long root system, and growth, followed by Japanese horticultural universal formula and formula B. Formula C had the worst growth of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum and was not suitable for hydroponic seedling growth. The ice crystal grains on the leaves and stem segments of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum seedlings grown with formulas A and B containing 2 000 mg·L-1 NaCl were larger. In conclusion, formula A is most suitable for the growth of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum seedlings in hydroponics. Under this salt concentration, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum grows well, the ice crystal grains on the stem and leaves are large, and the marketability is good. This article provides a reference for nutrient solution formulation for the large-scale hydroponics production of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of LED light quality control on celery growth and yield in plant factory Zhe WANG, Yuhang WANG, Xiaoqing WANG, Huaifu FAN 2024, 65 (2):  340-344.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230222 Abstract ( 130 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (2352KB) ( 270 )   In order to study the effect of different light quality ratios on celery growth in plant factory, in this study, four LED light sources with different ratio of red and blue light were selected for the experiment. The experiments showed that under the light quality ratio of red light∶blue light=3∶1, the plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, plant fresh weight, dry weight, aboveground dry weight and underground dry weight were the largest, which was beneficial to the vegetative growth of celery. The light quality ratio of red light∶blue light=3∶1 was beneficial to the increase of chlorophyll content in leaves, which could promote photosynthesis and improve the utilization rate of light energy. The light quality ratio of red light∶blue light=3∶1 was beneficial to the growth of strong seedlings and increase the yield of celery. According to the comprehensive indexes, red light∶blue light=3∶1 is the suitable light quality ratio for celery growth in plant factory. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the application effect of Ruikangdun microbial agent on autumn continuous cropping watermelon Ruchao FENG, Zhe LIU, Shaogui GUO, Lina ZHANG, Jie ZHANG, Feng SHEN, Jiaqiu ZHENG, Yi MEI 2024, 65 (2):  345-349.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230366 Abstract ( 131 )   HTML ( 41 )   PDF (1093KB) ( 407 )   Using Ruikangdun microbial inoculants as experimental materials, the effects of microbial inoculants on the growth, development, yield, and quality of autumn continuous cropping watermelon were studied. Using Jingjia 301 as the experimental object, conventional fertilization and clean water as the control CK, conventional fertilization and Ruikangdun microbial agent as the treatment T. After 10 days of each application of microbial agents, stem diameter, main vine length, number of leaves, internode length, and first female flower node position were determined; During the fruit harvesting period, the individual fruit weight was detected and the yield of the plot was calculated, then the yield of 667 m2 was converted. The peel thickness, longitudinal diameter, and transverse diameter were measured, the fruit shape index was calculated, and the soluble solid content in the center and edge parts were measured. The results showed that Ruikangdun microbial inoculum could promote the growth of autumn continuous cropping watermelon plants to a certain extent. The average stem diameter, number of internodes, number of leaves, main vine length, and internode length of T plants were higher than those of CK plants. The yield increase effect is good, with a yield increase rate of 15.16%. The average peel thickness of the fruit increased by 6.90% compared with CK, and the soluble solid content in the center and edge parts increased by 1.2 percentage points and 0.1 percentage points respectively compared with CK. In summary, Ruikangdun microbial inoculum can promote the growth of autumn continuous cropping watermelon plants, increase yield, and improve fruit quality. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of foliar selenium supplementation on selenium content in Hongmeiren Xiaocheng LI, Baoyu XU, Chenghao ZHANG, Jialing YU 2024, 65 (2):  350-353.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20231008 Abstract ( 139 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1070KB) ( 254 )   Selenium is one of the essential trace elements in the human body. The production of selenium rich fruits in selenium poor areas is an important goal of functional fruit production. Nevertheless, most inorganic selenium species are harmful to human health, and the method of producing safe selenium rich fruits has become crucial. Zhejiang Province is a major citrus production area and also a selenium poor area, so selenium rich Hongmeiren has huge market potential. This experiment used foliar spraying to supplement selenium, studied the effect of foliar selenium supplementation on the selenium content of Hongmeiren fruit, and evaluated whether the selenium content of the fruit was safe. The results showed that spraying sodium selenite solution could increase the selenium content of Hongmeiren fruit, spraying plant selenium nutrient solution on the leaf every 15 days (once, twice and three times), and continuously spraying three times to obtain the highest selenium content in the fruit. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation analysis and improvement suggestions on soil nutrients in Lanxi loquat orchard Qi ZHANG, Jiahui HU, Jiajia YANG, Qingquan ZHOU, Yueping LANG, Xiaoying LI 2024, 65 (2):  354-361.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20221106 Abstract ( 138 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (7506KB) ( 458 )   Soil nutrients are the main evaluation indicators of soil fertility, which have an important impact on the growth and development of loquats and the quality of their fruits. In order to accurately understand the nutrient status of the planting soil in the main loquat orchards in Lanxi City, this study used 29 soil samples from loquat orchards with different geographical distributions in Lanxi City and corresponding leaf samples from the orchards as test materials to determine indicators such as pH value, organic matter, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, available boron, exchangeable calcium, and exchangeable magnesium contents. The results showed that only 37.92% of loquat orchards in Lanxi were found to have moderate to abundant organic matter levels; 79.31% of the soil in the loquat orchards was slightly acidic. Hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus in the soil of each orchard were at a rich level, and only one orchard showed a lack of available potassium content; 58.62% of soil exchangeable calcium was at a moderate suitable value or above, but 79.32% of soil samples had exchangeable magnesium at an extremely deficient level; The content of trace elements boron and zinc in the soil was basically at a moderate to rich level. According to the results of leaf mineral element detection, it was found that the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium elements in all 22 orchard samples did not meet the standard values, and 72.73% of the samples lacked calcium and 81.82% lacked boron. The comprehensive soil and leaf nutrient analysis standards were used to diagnose the nutritional status of loquat orchards in Lanxi City. The results showed that the overall soil fertility of the loquat orchards in Lanxi City was low, and the distribution of soil nutrients in each park was uneven and varied greatly. Moreover, the soil pH value is slightly acidic, leading to the unabsorption of nutrients in the soil by the loquat tree, which was the main factor causing poor resistance, yield, and fruit quality decline of the loquat tree in Lanxi City. Therefore, in terms of production, each loquat orchard in Lanxi City should apply formula fertilization based on the nutritional diagnosis of soil and leaves. By increasing the application of organic fertilizer and suitable application of quicklime to improve soil acidity, reducing the application of compound fertilizer, increasing the application of medium amount elemental fertilizer, and other methods could improve and enhance the soil fertility of the orchard, enhance tree resistance, and achieve increased yield and quality of Lanxi loquat. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Diversity analysis of lateral branch traits among different Paeonia lactiflora Pall. varieties Jingyang QIAN, Qin LI, Lili LU, Jiasong MENG, Jun TAO, Daqiu ZHAO 2024, 65 (2):  362-370.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230314 Abstract ( 134 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (5903KB) ( 252 )   Paeonia lactiflora Pall.is an emerging high-end cut flower in the international market in recent years, and the presence or absence of lateral branches is one of the important standards for measuring the quality of cut peony flowers. This study divided 188 Paeonia lactiflora Pall.varieties into four types based on the total number of lateral branches per plant: multi lateral branches, medium lateral branches, few lateral branches, and no lateral branches. Each type of lateral branch accounted for 4.79%, 28.72%, 26.60% and 39.89% of the total number of varieties, respectively. The variation range of the total number of lateral branches for multi lateral branch, medium lateral branch, and few lateral branch types was 9.00-20.00, 3.00-7.00 and 1.00-2.00, respectively. Further diversity analysis of lateral branch traits showed that there were significant differences in lateral branch traits among all tested varieties and the three types of lateral branch varieties, indicating a high level of genetic diversity. The number of main branches with lateral branches and the average number of lateral branches on a single main branch are closely related to the total number of lateral branches, and are the two main factors affecting the classification of lateral branches. The results of this study can provide a variety resource reserve for the production of cut peony flowers in China. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Trapping effect of four kinds of armyworm plates on the adults of fruit flies in vegetable field Yuehong LI, Min WANG, Shengguang XIA 2024, 65 (2):  371-374.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.202301477 Abstract ( 123 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (3348KB) ( 175 )   The trapping effects of four manufacturers' sticky boards on fruit fly adults was studied and the influence of hanging height on the trapping effectiveness of sticky boards was clarified. The results showed that the fruit flies trapped in the vegetable fields of Yongkang City were identified as two species, pumpkin fruit fly and striped fruit fly, with the pumpkin fruit fly being the main species. The proportion of trapped female flies was the highest for the Wanyingmi brand sticky board, accounting for 35.14% of the total trapped females. The trapping effect of the Nongzhuangbao brand sticky board was the best. Within 3 days, the average number of fruit flies trapped per sticky board was 170.22, which was significantly higher than that of the other three sticky boards. When applying sticky boards to trap and kill fruit flies in towel gourd fields, the hanging height of the sticky board should be in the middle and lower part of the towel gourd rack. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The occurrence, harm, interception and control measures of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus Hui YU, Lei CHEN, Ran DU, Hongmei YAO, Jinyan LUO 2024, 65 (2):  375-381.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230535 Abstract ( 263 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF (1196KB) ( 446 )   Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) belongs to the Geminiviridae family and is a newly discovered pathogen that can infect various important vegetables, ornamental plants, weeds, and wild plants. In 1995, ToLCNDV was first reported on Indian tomatoes, followed by damage in Asian countries such as Pakistan, and spread to European countries such as Spain after 2012. China first reported ToLCNDV in Taiwan in 2010. On the basis of collecting relevant information, this article provided an overview of the occurrence, distribution, harm, molecular characteristics, host range, harmful symptoms, transmission mode, and composite infection phenomenon of the virus, and proposed corresponding interception and control suggestions to prevent the spread and harm of ToLCNDV in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Field control efficacy of different herbicide dosages and their effects on maize safety Zhonglin NIU, Xiaochun JIN, Lili WU, Rulai LI, Baifu JIANG, Qingsheng WANG, Nannan WANG 2024, 65 (2):  382-384.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20221193 Abstract ( 167 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1055KB) ( 458 )   In order to screen the efficient and safe herbicide dosage and synergistic effect of additives in maize field, and improve maize production efficiency, the effect of field soil spraying on weed control in maize fields and its impact on safety and yield of maize was investigated, in Jiamusi City, acetochlor (81.5% emulsifiable concentrate), atrazine (38% suspension) and two herbicide additives were selected, and each herbicide combination was set with two concentrations of low and high, and each additive was set with three concentrations of low, medium and high. The results showed that pre-emergence weeding had a control effect on all field weeds, and the weed control rate in the field was also reduced with the reduction of herbicide dosage, and the weed control rate could be increased by adding additives. In general, 1 472 g·hm-2 acetochlor +11 482 g·hm-2 atrazine +225 mL·hm-2 additives 2 had the best control effect. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of sexual attractants in the detection and booby-trapping of rice leaf roller Jihui WEN, Yi YAO, Yibo LI, Qisheng SONG, Zhi WANG 2024, 65 (2):  385-389.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20221105 Abstract ( 133 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (3850KB) ( 330 )   In order to clarify the application effect of sexual attractants in the detection and booby-trapping of rice leaf roller, the application effect of sexual attractant trapping method and field moth catching method in the detection and reporting were compared, and the effect of different traps on the trapping and killing of rice leaf roller was analyzed. The results showed that the main peak of the rice leaf roller was obvious when the sexual attractant was applied, which was consistent with the main peak of the field moth catching method. It could be used to monitor the population change trend. The water basin trap was more effective than the sticky plate trap, and the total amount of moths was 267.33% higher. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development and morphological characteristics of male pupae in imported red fire ant Solenopsis invicta Mengyue GAO, Yuke HUANG, Qiyuan ZHENG, Bo FENG 2024, 65 (2):  390-394.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230707 Abstract ( 148 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (6396KB) ( 200 )   Imported red fire ant Solenopsis invicta is a harmful invasive pest, but its pupal development is not clear. In this study, the pupation of larvae, the development of male pupae and the emergence of male adults were studied by microscopic observation. Lateral and terminal parts of the abdomen became flat in the larva before pupation, forming a skirt-like structure. The pupation of larvae is divided into four phases. In the phaseⅠ, the larvae body is cylindrical, but the pupal head and prothorax are visiable. In the phase Ⅱ, pupal appendages begin to develop, and the part between thorax and abdomen constricts inward. In the phase Ⅲ, the body presents the pupal shape and abdominal segments are obvious. In the phase Ⅳ, larvae molt and pupate. The development of male pupae is divided into seven phases. The first phase is the new pupa. In the second phase, compound eyes and ocelli become black. In the third phase, the abdomen (excluding nodules) become gray. In the fourth phase, the head and the thorax are grayish brown, and the abdomen was dark gray. In the fifth phase, the head and the thorax are dark gray, but the compound eyes and abdomen are black. In the sixth phase, tarsi and most antennal segments are light reddish brown, and the others are taupe. In the seventh phase, pupae (except wings) are completely chitinzed and are ready for the emergence. The emergence of male adult is divided into two phases, the ecdysis of pupae and the spreading of wings. Our results will lay a foundation for further study on the morphology and reproductive development of imported red fire ant. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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PPI network analysis of differentially expressed mRNA in the roots of tobacco varieties resistant to Meloidogyne incongnita (Kofold&White) Chitwood Xiaoxiang CHEN, Wenjun ZHANG, Zhengguang ZHAI, Zhiqiang XU, Huabing LIU, Yongjian ZHONG, Zhimin JIANG 2024, 65 (2):  395-400.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20221179 Abstract ( 122 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (4732KB) ( 276 )   Based on the differentially expressed genes among varieties, tobacco disease resistant variety K326 and susceptible variety Changbohuang were selected as experimental materials, and key genes related to infection resistance were screened using bioinformatics analysis methods, this article used Protein Protein Interaction (PPI) and Gene Ontology (GO) functional classification analysis (including Biological Process analysis and KEGG pathway analysis) to annotate the biological functions of differentially expressed genes, identify important genes and genes with consistent pathways in the PPI network, analyze these genes to clarify the resistance mechanism of tobacco varieties to Meloidogyne incongnita (Kofold&White) Chitwood, and provide theoretical basis for studying the molecular mechanism of tobacco resistance to Meloidogyne incongnita (Kofold&White) Chitwood. The results showed that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in 9 pathways related to anti-infection, including cell metabolism, intracellular transport, and RNA mediated gene silencing. Seven key factor genes that simultaneously formed the PPI network were identified, including Fab1b, Fab1c, Fab1d, Glu1, Dcl1, Dcl2 and Dcl4. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation analysis of pesticide registration and pesticide reduction Qian XIE, Mengjiao CAO 2024, 65 (2):  401-404.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20221230 Abstract ( 102 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1211KB) ( 364 )   In this paper, the pesticide information on China pesticide information website was searched and analyzed. The results showed that: the current pesticide registration data varied greatly among different crops, mainly concentrated on large-area cultivated crops such as rice and wheat, but few pesticide varieties were registered on some small crops with local characteristics. Choosing different pesticides and dosage forms in prevention and treatment can effectively reduce the amount of pesticides used. Taking rice bacterial blight with more registered pesticide data as an example, the recommended dosage of thifluzamide is lower than that of azoxystrobin and far lower than that of jinggangmycin and other fungicides with large dosage. The use of thifluzamide and azoxystrobin mixture did not reduce the amount of pesticides per unit area, but the amount of active ingredients used in the mixture was lower than that used in the single agent alone. Scientific selection and registration of pesticides may be an important way to carry out the work of reducing pesticide quantity and increasing pesticide efficiency. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Formula optimization of potato oat whole grain nutritional noodles Songlian CAI, Shanfen WU 2024, 65 (2):  405-408.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230893 Abstract ( 122 )   HTML ( 63 )   PDF (1067KB) ( 254 )   In the context of modern healthy dietary culture, potato, oats, and whole grain nutritious noodles have attracted much attention. This study aims to optimize its formula and improve the nutritional value and taste quality of the product. Through systematic experimental design, this study has investigated the effects of different component ratios and process parameters on the quality of dried noodles. The experimental results showed that the optimized formula had achieved significant improvements in nutrition and taste. Further evaluation showed that the optimized dried noodles had significantly improved protein, fiber, vitamins, and other contents, and had a health promoting effect. At the same time, sensory evaluation had confirmed a significant improvement in taste, color, and aroma, which can be further explored for a wider range of nutritional assessments and practical production applications in the future. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and application of multi-element clean heating system for tobacco baking Quanwei GUO, Chengshuang ZHANG, Yuhua WANG, Zengbo FAN, Yong ZHANG, Zhiyong ZENG, Shilei LI 2024, 65 (2):  409-412.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230824 Abstract ( 106 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1058KB) ( 194 )   In order to explore the utilization of new energy grills and achieve the goals of energy conservation, emission reduction and quality improvement, a comparative analysis was conducted on the differences in equipment operation, baking energy consumption, and tobacco leaf quality among multiple clean heating systems, using conventional electric heating grills as a control. The results showed that compared with conventional electric heating pump heating and baking rooms, the multi element clean heating system reduced the power consumption of 1 kg dry tobacco by 0.34 kW·h, reduced the electricity cost by 0.19 yuan, and achieved an energy-saving and cost-reducing effect of 15.2%. Premium cigarettes were 2.03 percentage points higher, with an average price of 0.64 yuan higher. The chemical components of roasted tobacco leaves were relatively coordinated. Based on comprehensive analysis, adopting a diversified clean heating system for baking tobacco leaves has low energy consumption and high average price, which is beneficial for improving the quality of cured tobacco leaves and is an important choice for future new energy heating for tobacco. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of yogurt preparation process of Polygonatum sibiricum and Dioscorea polystachya Turczaninow. cv. Tiegun using response surface methodology Jiayu LI, Jiayin JIAO, Shiting WEI, Shumiao FAN, Zhongchen YU, Xiaoming HUANG, Mingwan LI, Liya HONG 2024, 65 (2):  413-419.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230510 Abstract ( 127 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (6097KB) ( 341 )   The yogurt preparation process of Polygonatum sibiricum and Dioscorea polystachya Turczaninow. cv. Tiegun was studied. Single factor experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of Polygonatum sibiricum syrup, Dioscorea polystachya Turczaninow. cv. Tiegun syrup, white sugar addition, and fermentation time on the physicochemical properties of yogurt of Polygonatum sibiricum and Dioscorea polystachya Turczaninow. cv. Tiegun. Based on the sensory evaluation results, the response surface methodology was used to optimize the preparation process of yogurt of Polygonatum sibiricum and Dioscorea polystachya Turczaninow. cv. Tiegun. The results showed that the optimal process of Polygonatum sibiricum and Dioscorea polystachya Turczaninow. cv. Tiegun was Polygonatum sibiricum syrup 6.00%, Dioscorea polystachya Turczaninow. cv. Tiegun syrup 8.00%, white sugar 7.00%, and a fermentation time of 10 hours. The sensory score reached 86.93 points. Under these conditions, the yogurt of Polygonatum sibiricum produced was delicated in texture, uniform in quality, rich in Polygonatum sibiricum and Dioscorea polystachya Turczaninow. cv. Tiegun flavor, and coordinated with the yogurt flavor, with high nutritional value. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Improved QuEChERS liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of 23 pesticide residues in Polygonatum sibiricum Huajun HE, Hui ZHANG, Limin XIA, Yuanyuan WANG 2024, 65 (2):  420-426.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230109 Abstract ( 103 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (4069KB) ( 200 )   A QuEChERS rapid sample processing combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detection method was established for 23 pesticide residues in Polygonatum sibiricum, including omethoate, carbendazim, and thiamethoxam. Purification and mass spectrometry conditions were optimized. The sample was extracted with 1% acetonitrile acetate and purified with 900 mg anhydrous magnesium sulfate, 300 mg N-propylethylenediamine, 300 mg octadecylsilane bonded silica gel, and 100 mg silica gel. The results showed that the recovery rates of 23 pesticide residues were all between 75.61% and 114.52%, with a good linear relationship. The correlation coefficient was between 0.995 5 and 0.999 9, and the relative standard deviation was less than 9.99%. The lower limit of determination was not exceed the quantitative limit specified in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2020 version). Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of flavor substance changes in Prunus persica cv. Xiahui with different harvest levels by HS-SPME-GC-MS Tana WANG, Xiaolong CHEN, Jiahui ZHANG, Donglan WANG, Ya WANG, Lixiao SONG, Fengming MA, Xiangyang YU 2024, 65 (2):  427-435.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230339 Abstract ( 134 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (9746KB) ( 195 )   Flavor compounds are commonly used to evaluate the quality of peach fruits, and aroma components not only reflect the flavor characteristics and quality of the fruit, but also reflect the maturity of the fruit. The volatile flavor compounds of Prunus persica cv. Xiahui fruit were identified using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In response to the S-shaped maturity curve and rapid softening in the later stage of ripening, two types of peaches with relatively small appearance differences were selected for differential analysis based on sales experience, which were classified as extractable and non extractable, in order to identify their characteristic differential substances. In this study, a total of 45 flavor substances were isolated, mainly including benzaldehyde, nonanal, undecanol, linalool, 2-ethylhexanol, n-decanol, 1-undecanol, γ-caprolactone, γ-dodecyl lactone, ethyl octanoate, and nonanoic acid. The difference in flavor compounds between non-harvestable peach fruit and harvestable peach fruit is a decrease in benzaldehyde (35.84%) and γ-decyl lactone (17.81%) increased. Overall, it is worth paying attention to the contribution of aldehydes and lactone compounds to the aroma of peach. The above research aims to provide scientific basis for precise and intelligent picking of peaches. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different drying methods on curcumin and turmeric oil in Curcuma longa L. Shuang WU, Maoting YUAN, Xiuxin XIA, Guohao LIU, Sui NI 2024, 65 (2):  436-442.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230104 Abstract ( 111 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (2627KB) ( 197 )   The effects of drying in the sun, drying in the shade, air drying at 30 ℃, hot air drying at 60 ℃ and freeze-drying on the relative content of curcumin and the composition of turmeric oil were studied by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), steam distillation and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the relative content of curcumin and the content and composition of turmeric oil changed greatly under different drying methods, but the color of Curcuma longa L. changed little. The turmeric of curcumin and volatile oil of turmeric in natural drying method were relatively higher, 1.84% and 6.15%, respectively. The research results provided some technical support for the development and utilization of Curcuma longa L. and product processing. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different drying methods on quality and antioxidant capacity of Dendrobium chrysanthum Lansong ZHA, Maohong AO 2024, 65 (2):  443-448.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230145 Abstract ( 126 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (2227KB) ( 356 )   To explore the best drying method and provide scientific basis for the production and processing of Dendrobium chrysanthum by comparing the effects of different drying methods of Dendrobium chrysanthum on its quality and antioxidant activity, the samples of Dendrobium chrysanthum were dried by sun-drying, drying in shade, microwave drying and hot air drying at different temperatures (50-90 ℃).UV-VIS spectrophotometry was used for measuring the total flavonid and polysaccharide of Dendrobium chrysanthum, 2,2-diphenyl-1-pierylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical scavenging methods were used for evaluating the antioxidant capacity of Dendrobium chrysanthum extracts.The results showed that the sample dried at 70℃ had the highest content of extract(30.87%), and the sample dried by microwave had the highest content of total flavonoids(4.79%), and the sample dried in shade had the highest total polysaccharide content(7.85%). Drying in shade showed the strongest effect of antioxidant activity. DPPH clearance rate, hydroxyl radical clearance rate, and superoxide anion radical clearance rate all showed the highest values of 81.92%, 17.71% and 94.13% under the drying in shade. Experimental results showed that different drying methods hs an impact on the quality and free radical scavenging activity of Dendrobium officinale, and the impact was significant. The drying in shade of Dendrobium officinale is an optimal method for producing Dendrobium officinale. This study provides theoretical and technical guidance for the processing of Dendrobium officinale in the production area. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of clove oil on blood biochemical indexes in juvenile Japanese pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes) Shuhui WANG, Ruihu ZHAO, Xinyu CAO, Xinyang LI, Zhiqiang JIANG 2024, 65 (2):  449-453.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230964 Abstract ( 112 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1111KB) ( 216 )   The effects of clove oil on blood biochemical indexes of juvenile Japanese pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes) were investigated to lay a foundation for analyzing the mechanism of anesthesia and the safety of its use. The anesthesia treatment of juvenile Japanese pufferfish was carried out with clove oil at concentrations of 8, 16 and 24 mg·L-1, respectively, and blood biochemical indexes such as glucose (GLU), total protein (TP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (T-BIL) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum lysozyme (LZM) activity in the fish were measured at 1/4, 4, 8, 24 h after anesthesia and 24 h after resuscitation.The results showed that clove oil anesthesia had a significant effect on blood biochemical indexes and lysozyme activity in juvenile Japanese pufferfish, and the effect was more significant at high anesthetic concentrations. After anesthetizing with clove oil and undergoing resuscitation for 24 h, most of the blood biochemical indexes and lysozyme activity of juvenile Japanese pufferfish were different from those before anesthesia. This experiment has concluded that the concentration range of clove oil suitable for the transportation and operation of juvenile Japanese pufferfish, which provides a theoretical basis for anesthesia of juvenile Japanese pufferfish with clove oil. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of low protein diets on growth performance and carcass quality of yellow feather broilers Ying GE, Jinghui FAN, Qinghai LI, Hang LIU, Huanhuan WANG, Yinghui WEI, Lei ZHANG 2024, 65 (2):  454-458.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230521 Abstract ( 126 )   HTML ( 70 )   PDF (1125KB) ( 258 )   The experiment aims to investigate the effects of low protein diets on growth performance, carcass quality, and meat quality of yellow feather broilers. In this study, 360 1-day-old slow-growing hens were selected, and a control group and an experimental group were set up. Each group had 6 replicates, with 30 chickens per replicate. The crude protein concentration in the diet of the experimental group at stages 1-6 weeks, 7-13 weeks and 14-19 weeks was set at 90%, 95% and 100% of the control group, respectively. The formula increased the proportion of corn by-products and reduced the dosage of soybean meal and soybean oil. The results showed that compared with the control group, body weight of the experimental group significantly decreased at all stages (P<0.05), weight gain decreased at 1-6 weeks (P<0.01), and feed to gain ratio increased (P<0.01). There was no significant change in the whole feed to gain ratio (P>0.05). The abdominal fat rate of chickens significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the color of chest muscle about a value and L value were better than those of the control group (P<0.05). The daily crude protein required for unit weight gain decreased by 1.7%, and the feed cost decreased by 7.1%. In summary, under the conditions of this study, downregulating the crude protein concentration in the early and middle growth diets significantly reduced the overall growth rate of yellow feathere broilers, but it could save weight gain feed costs and have a certain improvement effect on carcass quality and meat quality. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of cellulose degrading bacteria and improving the quality of abandoned stems and leaves of Brassica oleracea Xiaohong YAO, Hong SUN, Qi SHEN, Hanghai ZHOU, Zhiwei ZHAO, Yifei WU, Xin WANG, Jiangwu TANG 2024, 65 (2):  459-464.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230831 Abstract ( 118 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (4850KB) ( 224 )   The aim of this experiment is to screen cellulose degrading bacteria and explore their feasibility for fermentation of abandoned stems and leaves of Brassica oleracea. Using broccoli planting soil and laboratory preserved bacterial strains as screening sources, the carboxymethyl cellulase (CMC) Congo red staining method was used for initial screening. CMC activity and filter paper enzyme activity (FPA) were used as indicators for re screening, and a high cellulase producing strain, XLG2-1, was obtained. Through 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and morphological and physiological and biochemical analysis, it was determined as Bacillus pumilus. Inoculate the strain into abandoned stems and leaves of Brassica oleracea for fermentation, and it was found that the content of crude protein, small peptides, and crude polysaccharides increased by 0.41, 11.5 and 10.4 percentage points respectively compared with that before fermentation. The content of crude fat, crude fiber, and crude ash decreased by 0.21, 0.25 and 0.02 percentage points respectively compared with that before fermentation. The scanning electron microscope results showed that the sample structure after fermentation was loose, with a large number of pores on the surface and bacterial attachment, indicating that the bacteria can decompose and utilize the abandoned stems and leaves of of Brassica oleracea, which helps to solve the problem of its resource utilization. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the method of total digestion of organic fertilizer Wei CAI, Encheng FU 2024, 65 (2):  465-468.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20221213 Abstract ( 148 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1069KB) ( 323 )   At present, the full amount of organic fertilizer digestion method steps of the recommended agricultural standard were as follows: weigh 0.5-1.0 g (accurate to 0.100 0 g), add 5 mL sulfuric acid and 1.5 mL hydrogen peroxide, left overnight, slowly heat until the sulfuric acid is smoking, then take it off, after a little cooling, add 15 drops of hydrogen peroxide and after heating for 10 minutes, remove and cool slightly, then add 5-10 drops of hydrogen peroxide and digest in stages until the solution turns colorless or pale yellow. This method takes about 2 days, which is a long time and low efficiency. How to shorten the digestion time and improve the detection efficiency under the premise of ensuring the accuracy of the results is the main content of this discussion. In addition, the detection process of total nitrogen in organic fertilizer can also be used to determine the total nitrogen content more quickly and accurately. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of 20 organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides residues in water by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction Hongfei RUI, Jun WU, Shuwen LUO, Xiaojie OUYANG, Xiaoying LIU, Fenghua WU 2024, 65 (2):  469-474.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20221190 Abstract ( 118 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (2213KB) ( 285 )   In this study, a method for the determination of 20 organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide residues in drinking water was established by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). The influencing factors related to DLLME extraction were optimized by expanding the extraction of pesticide residues in water by expanding dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction: 0.4 mL of chloroform and 4 mL of acetonitrile were used as extractants and dispersants for 40 mL of water samples, extracted and centrifuged and dried with nitrogen, and 100 μL of n-hexane solvent was replaced by gas chromatography electron capture detector (GC-ECD) for detection. The results showed that the linearity of 20 organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides in water was good in the concentration range of 0.002-0.10 μg·mL-1 and 0.01-0.20 μg·mL-1, respectively, the correlation coefficient was 0.998, and the detection limit of the method was 0.001-0.002 μg·L-1, the enrichment folds of the method were 168-206, the recoveries of the high, medium and low concentrations were 83.30%-116.70%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0.84%-9.87%. The established method was used to test 135 rural drinking water samples, and the results were below the limit values. This method has high sensitivity, accuracy, good stability, and is more operable in batch analysis, and is suitable for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of organochlorine and pyrethroid in drinking water. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The cognition, willingness and influencing factors of multiple production entities on agricultural non-point source pollution control Suya YANG, Junyu LIN, Yiming WANG, Jiaruo MA, Chenxia HU 2024, 65 (2):  483-488.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20221205 Abstract ( 140 )   HTML ( 144 )   PDF (1224KB) ( 437 )   Under the new situation of the rapid development of cultivated land circulation market and the accelerating process of deepening agricultural capital, different management methods and objectives have made new agricultural production and management entities (family farms, farmers' professional cooperatives, etc.) and small-scale traditional farmers in agricultural non-point source pollution. There are large differences in cognition and responsive behavior and capabilities to governance measures.Clarifying the cognition, willingness to participate and influencing factors of different types of agricultural production and management entities on the current agricultural non-point source pollution control measures is conducive to the "targeted control" of agricultural non-point source pollution. Based on the data of 711 farmers' questionnaires in 11 cities in Zhejiang Province, the binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the willingness and influencing factors of scientific fertilization of three types of agricultural producers. The research results showed that,there were differences among different agricultural production entities in Zhejiang Province in terms of policy cognition, environmental cognition and policy willingness, and the new agricultural production entities were higher than small farmers in terms of ecology, policy cognition and response willingness; the scientific fertilization willingness of agricultural production subjects was highly sensitive to ecological rationality and subsidy policies, and the influencing factors of different behavioral willingness had both commonalities and differences. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics