Identification of flavor substance changes in Prunus persica cv. Xiahui with different harvest levels by HS-SPME-GC-MS

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230339

Abstract

Abstract:

Flavor compounds are commonly used to evaluate the quality of peach fruits, and aroma components not only reflect the flavor characteristics and quality of the fruit, but also reflect the maturity of the fruit. The volatile flavor compounds of Prunus persica cv. Xiahui fruit were identified using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In response to the S-shaped maturity curve and rapid softening in the later stage of ripening, two types of peaches with relatively small appearance differences were selected for differential analysis based on sales experience, which were classified as extractable and non extractable, in order to identify their characteristic differential substances. In this study, a total of 45 flavor substances were isolated, mainly including benzaldehyde, nonanal, undecanol, linalool, 2-ethylhexanol, n-decanol, 1-undecanol, γ-caprolactone, γ-dodecyl lactone, ethyl octanoate, and nonanoic acid. The difference in flavor compounds between non-harvestable peach fruit and harvestable peach fruit is a decrease in benzaldehyde (35.84%) and γ-decyl lactone (17.81%) increased. Overall, it is worth paying attention to the contribution of aldehydes and lactone compounds to the aroma of peach. The above research aims to provide scientific basis for precise and intelligent picking of peaches.

Key words: Prunus persica cv. Xiahui, harvest degree, flavors, headspace solid-phase microextraction, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

CLC Number:

S662.1

Tana WANG, Xiaolong CHEN, Jiahui ZHANG, Donglan WANG, Ya WANG, Lixiao SONG, Fengming MA, Xiangyang YU. Identification of flavor substance changes in Prunus persica cv. Xiahui with different harvest levels by HS-SPME-GC-MS[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(2): 427-435.

Figures/Tables 7

References 29

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序号	保留时间/s	中文名称	英文名称	分子式	分子量
1	5.40	己醛	Hexanal	C₆H₁₂O	100
2	7.74	己醇	1-Hexanol	C₆H₁₄O	102
3	10.76	苯甲醛	Benzaldehyde	C₇H₆O	106
4	12.37	N-乙酰秋水仙醇甲醚	N-Acetylcolchinol methyl ether	C₂₁H₂₅NO₅	371
5	13.43	2-乙基己醇	2-Ethyl-1-hexanol	C₈H₁₈O	130
6	13.55	2-丙基戊醇	2-Propyl-1-pentanol	C₈H₁₈O	130
7	14.10	肼羧酸苯甲酯	Hydrazinecarboxylic acid, phenylmethyl ester	C₈H₁₀N₂O₂	166
8	14.15	1-十二(碳)烯	1-Dodecene	C₁₂H₂₄	168
9	14.44	1-十一醇	1-Undecanol	C₁₁H₂₄O	172
10	14.56	正癸醇	1-Decanol	C₁₀H₂₂O	158
11	15.32	2-硝基环己酮	Cyclohexanone, 2-nitro-	C₆H₉NO₃	143
12	16.22	芳樟醇	Linalool	C₁₀H₁₈O	154
13	16.33	壬醛	Nonanal	C₉H₁₈O	142
14	18.05	4-萜烯醇	Terpinen-4-ol	C₁₀H₁₈O	154
15	18.12	异环磷酰胺	Hydrocortisone acetate	C₂₃H₃₂O₆	404
16	18.26	长春胺	Vincamine	C₂₁H₂₆N₂O₃	354
17	18.36	麦角酰胺	Lysergamide	C₁₆H₁₇N₃O	267
18	19.70	2-蒈烯	2-Carene	C₁₀H₁₆	136
19	19.91	辛酸乙酯	Etheyl octanoat	C₁₀H₂₀O₂	172
20	20.20	十一醛	Undecanal	C₁₁H₂₂O	170
21	20.77	反式-2-己烯基己酸	Hexanoic acid, 2-hexenyl ester, (E)-	C₁₂H₂₂O₂	198
22	20.87	(9Z)-9-十六碳烯-1-醇	9-Hexadecen-1-ol, (Z)-	C₁₆H₃₂O	240
23	21.76	4-异丙基环己酮	4-Isopropylcyclohexanone	C₉H₁₆O	140
24	22.28	γ-十二内酯	γ-Dodecalactone	C₁₂H₂₂O₂	198
25	22.34	9,10-十四碳烯醇	9-Tetradecen-1-ol, (E)-	C₁₄H₂₈O	212
26	22.57	氧杂环十二烷-2-酮	Oxacyclododecan-2-one	C₁₁H₂₀O₂	184
27	23.20	壬酸	Nonanoic acid	C₉H₁₈O₂	158
28	23.88	十一烯酸	Undecylenic acid	C₁₁H₂₀O₂	184
29	24.58	倍氯米松双丙酸酯	Beclomethasone	C₂₂H₂₉C_lO₅	408
30	24.69	二乙基甲基硅烷	Silane, diethylmethyl-	C₅H₁₄Si	102
31	26.19	二甘醇己基醚	Diethylene glycol hexyl ether	C₁₀H₂₂O₃	190
32	26.28	十五烷酸	Pentadecanoic acid	C₁₅H₃₀O₂	242
33	26.40	环十五醇	Cyclopentadecanol	C₁₅H₃₀O	226
34	26.96	1-十四醇	1-Tetradecanol	C₁₄H₃₀O	214
35	27.35	十二醛	Dodecanal	C₁₂H₂₄O	184
36	29.41	γ-癸内酯	γ-Decanolide	C₁₀H₁₈O₂	170
37	29.92	2,6-二叔丁基苯醌	2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone	C₁₄H₂₀O₂	220
38	30.06	环氧异长叶烯	Isolongifolene epoxide	C₁₅H₂₄O	220
39	30.26	秋水仙素	Colchicine	C₂₂H₂₅NO₆	399
40	30.93	2,4-二叔丁基苯酚	2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol	C₁₄H₂₂O	206
41	32.72	12-羟基,顺-9-十八碳一烯酸	Ricinoleic acid	C₁₈H₃₄O₃	298
42	32.83	视黄醛	Retinal	C₂₀H₂₈O	284
43	33.21	十六烷	Hexadecane	C₁₆H₃₄	226
44	33.30	正十五烷	Pentadecane	C₁₅H₃₂	212
45	33.38	二十烷	Eicosane	C₂₀H₄₂	282

序号	保留时间/s	中文名称	英文名称	分子式	分子量
1	5.40	己醛	Hexanal	C₆H₁₂O	100
2	7.74	己醇	1-Hexanol	C₆H₁₄O	102
3	10.76	苯甲醛	Benzaldehyde	C₇H₆O	106
4	12.37	N-乙酰秋水仙醇甲醚	N-Acetylcolchinol methyl ether	C₂₁H₂₅NO₅	371
5	13.43	2-乙基己醇	2-Ethyl-1-hexanol	C₈H₁₈O	130
6	13.55	2-丙基戊醇	2-Propyl-1-pentanol	C₈H₁₈O	130
7	14.10	肼羧酸苯甲酯	Hydrazinecarboxylic acid, phenylmethyl ester	C₈H₁₀N₂O₂	166
8	14.15	1-十二(碳)烯	1-Dodecene	C₁₂H₂₄	168
9	14.44	1-十一醇	1-Undecanol	C₁₁H₂₄O	172
10	14.56	正癸醇	1-Decanol	C₁₀H₂₂O	158
11	15.32	2-硝基环己酮	Cyclohexanone, 2-nitro-	C₆H₉NO₃	143
12	16.22	芳樟醇	Linalool	C₁₀H₁₈O	154
13	16.33	壬醛	Nonanal	C₉H₁₈O	142
14	18.05	4-萜烯醇	Terpinen-4-ol	C₁₀H₁₈O	154
15	18.12	异环磷酰胺	Hydrocortisone acetate	C₂₃H₃₂O₆	404
16	18.26	长春胺	Vincamine	C₂₁H₂₆N₂O₃	354
17	18.36	麦角酰胺	Lysergamide	C₁₆H₁₇N₃O	267
18	19.70	2-蒈烯	2-Carene	C₁₀H₁₆	136
19	19.91	辛酸乙酯	Etheyl octanoat	C₁₀H₂₀O₂	172
20	20.20	十一醛	Undecanal	C₁₁H₂₂O	170
21	20.77	反式-2-己烯基己酸	Hexanoic acid, 2-hexenyl ester, (E)-	C₁₂H₂₂O₂	198
22	20.87	(9Z)-9-十六碳烯-1-醇	9-Hexadecen-1-ol, (Z)-	C₁₆H₃₂O	240
23	21.76	4-异丙基环己酮	4-Isopropylcyclohexanone	C₉H₁₆O	140
24	22.28	γ-十二内酯	γ-Dodecalactone	C₁₂H₂₂O₂	198
25	22.34	9,10-十四碳烯醇	9-Tetradecen-1-ol, (E)-	C₁₄H₂₈O	212
26	22.57	氧杂环十二烷-2-酮	Oxacyclododecan-2-one	C₁₁H₂₀O₂	184
27	23.20	壬酸	Nonanoic acid	C₉H₁₈O₂	158
28	23.88	十一烯酸	Undecylenic acid	C₁₁H₂₀O₂	184
29	24.58	倍氯米松双丙酸酯	Beclomethasone	C₂₂H₂₉C_lO₅	408
30	24.69	二乙基甲基硅烷	Silane, diethylmethyl-	C₅H₁₄Si	102
31	26.19	二甘醇己基醚	Diethylene glycol hexyl ether	C₁₀H₂₂O₃	190
32	26.28	十五烷酸	Pentadecanoic acid	C₁₅H₃₀O₂	242
33	26.40	环十五醇	Cyclopentadecanol	C₁₅H₃₀O	226
34	26.96	1-十四醇	1-Tetradecanol	C₁₄H₃₀O	214
35	27.35	十二醛	Dodecanal	C₁₂H₂₄O	184
36	29.41	γ-癸内酯	γ-Decanolide	C₁₀H₁₈O₂	170
37	29.92	2,6-二叔丁基苯醌	2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone	C₁₄H₂₀O₂	220
38	30.06	环氧异长叶烯	Isolongifolene epoxide	C₁₅H₂₄O	220
39	30.26	秋水仙素	Colchicine	C₂₂H₂₅NO₆	399
40	30.93	2,4-二叔丁基苯酚	2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol	C₁₄H₂₂O	206
41	32.72	12-羟基,顺-9-十八碳一烯酸	Ricinoleic acid	C₁₈H₃₄O₃	298
42	32.83	视黄醛	Retinal	C₂₀H₂₈O	284
43	33.21	十六烷	Hexadecane	C₁₆H₃₄	226
44	33.30	正十五烷	Pentadecane	C₁₅H₃₂	212
45	33.38	二十烷	Eicosane	C₂₀H₄₂	282

序号	中文名称	英文名称	香气特征	风味阈值/(μg·L^-1)
1	己醛	Hexanal	苹果、柑橘、橙香和青草味	10
2	苯甲醛	Benzaldehyde	苦杏仁味、樱桃及坚果香	0.001
3	1-十一醇	1-Undecanol	柠檬香味	—
4	正癸醇	1-Decanol	甜花香气	100
5	芳樟醇	Linalool	花香味、具有铃兰香气	10
6	壬醛	Nonanal	玫瑰、柑橘等香气和油脂气味	10
7	4-萜烯醇	Terpinen-4-ol	柑橘和紫丁香味	—
8	辛酸乙酯	Etheyl octanoat	菠萝等水果香气和白兰地酒香味	10
9	十一醛	Undecanal	醛香和柑橘味	—
10	γ-十二内酯	γ-Dodecalactone	果香、桃子香和梨样香气	—
11	壬酸	Nonanoic acid	淡的脂肪和椰子香气	1
12	十一烯酸	Undecylenic acid	水果的特殊气味	—
13	1-十四醇	1-Tetradecanol	蜡质气味	—
14	十二醛	Dodecanal	强烈脂肪香气、松叶油和橙油香气	—
15	γ-癸内酯	γ-Decanolide	强烈果香香气,稀释时有桃子香气	—
16	环氧异长叶烯	Isolongifolene epoxide	木香香气	—
17	2-乙基己醇	2-Ethyl-1-hexanol	脂肪和水果香气	10
18	2,4-二叔丁基苯酚	2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol	消毒剂气味	0.1

序号	中文名称	英文名称	香气特征	风味阈值/(μg·L^-1)
1	己醛	Hexanal	苹果、柑橘、橙香和青草味	10
2	苯甲醛	Benzaldehyde	苦杏仁味、樱桃及坚果香	0.001
3	1-十一醇	1-Undecanol	柠檬香味	—
4	正癸醇	1-Decanol	甜花香气	100
5	芳樟醇	Linalool	花香味、具有铃兰香气	10
6	壬醛	Nonanal	玫瑰、柑橘等香气和油脂气味	10
7	4-萜烯醇	Terpinen-4-ol	柑橘和紫丁香味	—
8	辛酸乙酯	Etheyl octanoat	菠萝等水果香气和白兰地酒香味	10
9	十一醛	Undecanal	醛香和柑橘味	—
10	γ-十二内酯	γ-Dodecalactone	果香、桃子香和梨样香气	—
11	壬酸	Nonanoic acid	淡的脂肪和椰子香气	1
12	十一烯酸	Undecylenic acid	水果的特殊气味	—
13	1-十四醇	1-Tetradecanol	蜡质气味	—
14	十二醛	Dodecanal	强烈脂肪香气、松叶油和橙油香气	—
15	γ-癸内酯	γ-Decanolide	强烈果香香气,稀释时有桃子香气	—
16	环氧异长叶烯	Isolongifolene epoxide	木香香气	—
17	2-乙基己醇	2-Ethyl-1-hexanol	脂肪和水果香气	10
18	2,4-二叔丁基苯酚	2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol	消毒剂气味	0.1