Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (2): 495-503.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250818

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Distribution characteristics of antibiotics and their resistance genes in the surrounding forest land of pig farm

HE Quanping1(), HUANG Liang1, QIN Jiahao1, XU Bingjie1,2, WANG Yuyan1, CHEN Siyu1,2, YANG Xiaoe3, LIU Di1,2()   

  1. 1.College of Resources & Environment,Jiujiang University,Jiujiang 332005,Jiangxi
    2.Jiujiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Traceability and Early Warning for Ecological Environment,Jiujiang 332005,Jiangxi
    3.Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecosystem Health,College of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,Zhejiang
  • Received:2025-11-04 Online:2026-02-28 Published:2026-03-07
  • Contact: LIU Di

Abstract:

Large-scale livestock and poultry breeding will lead to the aggravation of antibiotic residue pollution in the surrounding soil,but the seasonal impact on antibiotics-microorganisms-antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in forest soil is still unclear. In this research,forest soils were selected as the study subjects. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and metagenomic technology were used to analyze the antibiotic residues,microbial community structure characteristics,and abundance characteristics of ARGs in soils from both forest land of pig farm and ordinary forest land(CK)during winter and summer. The results showed that the antibiotics in forest soil mainly include tetracycline,norfloxacin,sulfamethoxazole,diclofenac,and chloramphenicol. Antibiotic content generally showed that forest land of pig farm was higher than ordinary forest land,and winter was higher than summer. Compared with ordinary forest land,the microbial community structure at the phylum level in the forest soil of pig farm undergoes significant changes,the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota increased in winter,while the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota and Planctomycetota increased in summer. ARGs in the soil were mainly baca(antimicrobial peptides)and mexf(fluoroquinolones). The relative abundance of total baca in soil bacteria in forest land of pig farm increased compared with ordinary forest land,with a greater increase in summer than in winter. The resistance mechanisms of soil microorganisms were mainly through antibiotic efflux and antibiotic target alteration,with the former accounting for a larger proportion in ordinary forest land than in forest land of pig farm,and the latter accounting for a larger proportion in forest land of pig farm than in ordinary forest land. Livestock pollution and seasonal changes are key factors in the transmission and contamination of antibiotics and their resistance genes in soil.

Key words: pig farm, forest soil, antibiotic, microbial community, antibiotic resistance gene

CLC Number: