亚热带低丘果园红壤的酸化与紧实化特征研究

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230064

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以衢州市为例,选择23个具不同种植时间的亚热带低丘红壤果园,观察了表层(0~20 cm)和亚表层(>20~40 cm)土壤的pH值、交换性酸、容重和水分常数,分析了种植年限对土壤酸化和紧实化的影响。结果表明,低丘果园红壤表层和亚表层pH值分别在4.86~5.74和 4.65~5.87,以酸性为主;土壤交换性酸在1.69~5.14和1.35~5.62 cmol·kg^-1;土壤容重在1.23~1.38和1.32~1.61 g·cm³,亚表层土壤容重明显偏高。随着种植时间的增加,土壤pH值下降,交换性酸增加,表土容重呈先增加后降低,亚表层容重呈持续增加,相应地土壤总孔隙度呈现明显的下降。研究认为,因长期施用化肥、缺乏深耕,低丘红壤上长期种植果树可导致土壤进一步酸化和亚表层土壤的压实化,影响果园土壤的蓄水性、降水入渗、果树根系的生长及对养分的吸收利用。因此,对种植时间较长的低丘果园有必要实施酸度校治及深耕松土等措施。

关键词: 低丘红壤, 果园, 种植年限, 酸化, 压实

Abstract:

Taking Quzhou City as an example, 23 red soil orchards in the subtropical low hilly region with different planting times were selected to measure pH value, exchangeable acid, bulk density, and moisture constants of both surface (0-20 cm) and subsurface (>20-40 cm) soils. The effects of planting time on soil acidification and compaction were analyzed. The results showed that pH value of the surface and subsurface soils in low hilly orchards ranged from 4.86 to 5.74 and 4.65 to 5.87, respectively, and most of them were acidic soils. Exchangeable acids of the surface and subsurface soils ranged from 1.69 to 5.14 and from 1.35 to 5.62 cmol·kg^-1, respectively. The bulk density of the surface and subsurface soils was 1.23-1.38 and 1.32-1.61 g·cm^-3, respectively, and bulk density of the subsurface soils was significantly higher than that of the surface soils. With the planting time increased, the soil pH value decreased and the exchangeability increased, and the bulk density of the surface soils firstly increased and then decreased, while the bulk density of the subsurface soils continued to increase. Correspondingly, the total porosity of the soils showed a significant decrease. Research suggested that long-term application of chemical fertilizers and lack of deep cultivation could lead to further soil acidification and compaction of the subsurface soils in the orchards, affecting the water storage capacity of the soils, precipitation infiltration, growth of fruit tree roots, and nutrient uptake and utilization by the tree. Therefore, it is necessary to implement measures such as acidity correction and deep tillage and soil loosening for low hilly orchards that have been planted for a long time.

Key words: low hilly red soil, orchard, planting years, acidification, compaction

中图分类号:

S158

丁利群, 陈宇航, 章明奎. 亚热带低丘果园红壤的酸化与紧实化特征研究[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(9): 2236-2238.

DING Liqun, CHEN Yuhang, ZHANG Mingkui. Study on acidification and compaction characteristics of red soils in subtropical low hilly orchards[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(9): 2236-2238.

图/表 2

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园龄/ a	pH值		交换性酸/(cmol·kg^-1)		容重/(g·cm^-3)		总孔隙度/%
园龄/ a	0~20 cm	>20~40 cm	0~20 cm	>20~40 cm	0~20 cm	>20~40 cm	0~20 cm	>20~40 cm
<5(n=5)	5.56±0.12 a	5.56±0.20 a	2.44±0.61 b	2.38±0.60 c	1.27±0.04 a	1.37±0.04 c	52.08±1.41 a	48.30±1.33 a
6~10(n=7)	5.25±0.12 b	5.27±0.10 b	3.50±0.52 ab	3.48±0.44 bc	1.32±0.04 a	1.42±0.03 b	50.13±1.65 b	46.58±1.19 b
11~15(n=5)	5.15±0.09 bc	5.15±0.11 bc	3.90±0.20 ab	3.80±0.36 ab	1.31±0.04 a	1.47±0.03 ab	50.49±1.45 b	44.53±1.28 bc
>16(n=6)	5.02±0.12 c	4.97±0.19 c	4.43±0.57 a	4.64±0.77 a	1.28±0.04 a	1.53±0.05 a	51.57±1.38 ab	42.33±2.06 c

园龄/ a	pH值		交换性酸/(cmol·kg^-1)		容重/(g·cm^-3)		总孔隙度/%
园龄/ a	0~20 cm	>20~40 cm	0~20 cm	>20~40 cm	0~20 cm	>20~40 cm	0~20 cm	>20~40 cm
<5(n=5)	5.56±0.12 a	5.56±0.20 a	2.44±0.61 b	2.38±0.60 c	1.27±0.04 a	1.37±0.04 c	52.08±1.41 a	48.30±1.33 a
6~10(n=7)	5.25±0.12 b	5.27±0.10 b	3.50±0.52 ab	3.48±0.44 bc	1.32±0.04 a	1.42±0.03 b	50.13±1.65 b	46.58±1.19 b
11~15(n=5)	5.15±0.09 bc	5.15±0.11 bc	3.90±0.20 ab	3.80±0.36 ab	1.31±0.04 a	1.47±0.03 ab	50.49±1.45 b	44.53±1.28 bc
>16(n=6)	5.02±0.12 c	4.97±0.19 c	4.43±0.57 a	4.64±0.77 a	1.28±0.04 a	1.53±0.05 a	51.57±1.38 ab	42.33±2.06 c

园龄/ a	饱和导水率/(mm·d^-1)		通气孔隙/%		毛管孔隙/%		无效孔隙/%
园龄/ a	0~20 cm	>20~40 cm	0~20 cm	>20~40 cm	0~20 cm	>20~40 cm	0~20 cm	>20~40 cm
<5(n=5)	43.27±3.12 a	30.25±2.97 a	17.35±1.89 a	9.25±1.54 a	6.52±1.03 a	7.41±0.77 a	28.21±1.54 b	31.64±2.14 a
6~10(n=7)	35.68±3.42 b	24.42±2.25 b	15.63±1.33 ab	8.34±1.13 a	6.14±1.22 a	7.25±0.56 a	28.36±1.43 b	30.99±1.68 a
11~15(n=5)	32.76±3.28 bc	15.69±2.09 c	13.27±1.43 bc	6.58±1.52 b	7.24±0.79 a	7.12±0.69 a	29.98±1.71 ab	30.83±1.73 a
>16(n=6)	29.59±2.66 c	13.59±1.78 c	11.87±1.08 c	4.14±0.85 c	7.53±0.68 a	7.44±0.82 a	31.67±1.66 a	31.25±1.58 a

园龄/ a	饱和导水率/(mm·d^-1)		通气孔隙/%		毛管孔隙/%		无效孔隙/%
园龄/ a	0~20 cm	>20~40 cm	0~20 cm	>20~40 cm	0~20 cm	>20~40 cm	0~20 cm	>20~40 cm
<5(n=5)	43.27±3.12 a	30.25±2.97 a	17.35±1.89 a	9.25±1.54 a	6.52±1.03 a	7.41±0.77 a	28.21±1.54 b	31.64±2.14 a
6~10(n=7)	35.68±3.42 b	24.42±2.25 b	15.63±1.33 ab	8.34±1.13 a	6.14±1.22 a	7.25±0.56 a	28.36±1.43 b	30.99±1.68 a
11~15(n=5)	32.76±3.28 bc	15.69±2.09 c	13.27±1.43 bc	6.58±1.52 b	7.24±0.79 a	7.12±0.69 a	29.98±1.71 ab	30.83±1.73 a
>16(n=6)	29.59±2.66 c	13.59±1.78 c	11.87±1.08 c	4.14±0.85 c	7.53±0.68 a	7.44±0.82 a	31.67±1.66 a	31.25±1.58 a