响应面法优化山茶油膜法脱胶工艺研究

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230053

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以山茶油为研究对象,采用响应面法(Box-Behnken)设计优化山茶油膜法脱胶的工艺条件。重点探讨膜孔径、混合油浓度、操作压力对膜法脱胶的影响,并比较了膜法脱胶与水化脱胶工艺对山茶油品质的影响。结果表明,山茶油膜法脱胶的最佳工艺条件为膜孔径10 ku、混合油质量分数35%、操作压力0.25 MPa,经膜法脱胶后脱胶率为96.85%。与水化脱胶相比,膜法脱胶后山茶油脱胶脱色脱酸效果显著,脱色率达到51.6%,酸价由15.30 mg·g^-1降至0.64 mg·g^-1。表明膜法脱胶在山茶油精炼中可以起到较好的脱胶、脱色及脱酸的效果。

关键词: 山茶油, 膜法脱胶, 响应面实验

Abstract:

Taking camellia oil as the research object, Box-Behnken Response Surface Design was used to optimize the process conditions of camellia oil film degumming in order to explore the effects of membrane pore size, mixed oil concentration, and operating pressure on membrane degumming, and compare the effects of membrane degumming and hydration degumming processes on the quality of camellia oil. The results showed that the optimal process conditions for camellia oil film degumming were membrane pore size 10 ku, mixed oil mass fraction 35%, operating pressure 0.25 MPa, and the degumming rate after film degumming was 96.85%. Compared with hydration degumming, membrane degumming has significant effects on camellia oil degumming, decolorization, and deacidification, with a decolorization rate of 51.6% and the acid value decrease from 15.30 mg·g^-1 to 0.64 mg·g^-1.

Key words: camellia oil, membrane degumming, response surface experiment

中图分类号:

S219.06

吴坤龙, 鲁雲, 张良, 刘标, 李彦坡. 响应面法优化山茶油膜法脱胶工艺研究[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(1): 175-180.

WU Kunlong, LU Yun, ZHANG Liang, LIU Biao, LI Yanpo. Optimization of camellia oil film degumming process using response surface methodology[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(1): 175-180.

图/表 11

表1 响应面实验因素和水平编码表

Table 1 Response surface experimental factors and levels

水平	膜孔径/ku	混合油质量分数/%	操作压力/MPa
-1	2	20	0.10
0	10	35	0.25
1	18	50	0.40

表2 响应面实验设计及结果

Table 2 Response surface experimental design and results

实验编号	因素			脱胶率/ %	渗透通量/ (L·m^-2·h^-1)
实验编号	A	B	C	R₁	R₂
1	0	0	0	96.35	44.39
2	-1	0	-1	88.73	38.16
3	-1	0	1	80.64	38.71
4	0	1	-1	90.55	36.77
5	0	-1	-1	94.09	38.99
6	0	0	0	98.35	44.38
7	0	-1	1	78.91	44.01
8	0	0	0	98.36	48.25
9	0	0	0	94.88	46.59
10	0	1	1	92.45	38.63
11	0	0	0	97.36	45.88
12	1	0	1	81.95	38.01
13	1	0	-1	88.79	32.98
14	1	1	0	97.12	34.03
15	1	-1	0	81.99	34.24
16	-1	-1	0	84.35	48.22
17	-1	1	0	89.97	36.14

表3 脱胶率的方差分析结果

Table 3 Analysis of variance results of degumming rate

来源	平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值	显著性
模型	679.88	9	75.54	21.20	0.000 3	显著
A-A	4.74	1	4.74	1.33	0.286 5
B-B	118.20	1	118.20	33.16	0.000 7
C-C	99.48	1	99.48	27.91	0.001 1
AB	22.61	1	22.61	6.34	0.039 9
AC	0.39	1	0.39	0.11	0.750 3
BC	72.93	1	72.93	20.46	0.002 7
A²	169.11	1	169.11	47.45	0.000 2
B²	23.55	1	23.55	6.61	0.037 0
C²	136.56	1	136.56	38.32	0.000 4
残差	24.95	7	3.56
失拟项	16.25	3	5.42	2.49	0.199 5	不显著
纯误差	8.70	4	2.18
总变异	704.83	16

表4 渗透通量的方差分析结果

Table 4 Analysis of variance results of permeation flux

来源	平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值	显著性
模型	392.80	9	43.64	11.49	0.002 0	显著
A-A	60.34	1	60.34	15.89	0.005 3
B-B	49.45	1	49.45	13.02	0.008 6
C-C	19.41	1	19.41	5.11	0.058 3
AB	35.22	1	35.22	9.28	0.018 7
AC	5.02	1	5.02	1.32	0.288 1
BC	2.50	1	2.50	0.657 4	0.444 2
A²	113.32	1	113.32	29.84	0.000 9
B²	27.44	1	27.44	7.23	0.031 2
C²	59.06	1	59.06	15.55	0.005 6
残差	26.58	7	3.80
失拟项	15.99	3	5.33	2.01	0.254 5	不显著
纯误差	10.59	4	2.65
总变异	419.38	16

图1 膜孔径和混合油质量分数对脱胶率的响应面图和等高线图

Fig.1 Response surface and contour plots of membrane pore size and mixed oil mass fraction on degumming rate

图2 膜孔径和操作压力对脱胶率的响应面图和等高线图

Fig.2 Response surface and contour plots of membrane pore size and operating pressure on degumming rate

图3 混合油质量分数和操作压力对脱胶率的响应面图和等高线图

Fig.3 Response surface and contour plots of mixed oil mass fraction and operating pressure on degumming rate

图4 膜孔径和混合油质量分数对渗透通量的响应面图和等高线图

Fig.4 Response surface and contour plots of membrane pore size and mixed oil mass fraction on permeation flux

图5 膜孔径和操作压力对渗透通量的响应面图和等高线图

Fig.5 Response surface and contour plots of membrane pore size and operating pressure on permeation flux

图6 混合油质量分数和操作压力对渗透通量的响应面图和等高线图

Fig.6 Response surface and contour plots of mixed oil mass fraction and operating pressure on permeation flux

表5 膜法脱胶和水化脱胶工艺对比表

Table 5 Comparison of membrane degumming and hydration degumming processes

项目	磷脂/ (mg·kg^-1)	脱色率/ %	酸价/ (mg·g^-1)
膜法脱胶	6.88	51.6	0.64
水化脱胶	21.57	15.3	15.30

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