晒黄烟云晒1号烟叶结构优化措施

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230848

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为满足卷烟工业在烤烟型卷烟中对晒黄烟原料的应用需求,找出适宜云南德宏州晒黄烟烟叶结构优化措施,以云晒1号晒黄烟为材料,研究了底脚叶去除时间及数量、上部叶去除时间及数量及留叶数等相结合的烟叶结构优化措施对晒黄烟的农艺性状、部位等级结构、经济性状和化学品质的影响。结果表明,烟叶结构优化处理措施能提高产量、产值、均价等经济性状,综合表现以T2和T5处理较好,其次是T3和T4处理;能降低下部烟叶的比例,提高中部烟叶比例及上等烟比例,大小依次为T5>T4>T3>T2>T1;上、中部烟叶化学成分含量多数指标达到了优质烟叶要求,均能满足工业要求,综合表现上部烟叶以T5、T2和T1较好;中部叶以T5、T3和T4综合表现较好,从关键指标烟碱含量来看,上、中部烟叶均超过了2.0%,上部叶T5、T2和T1均超过了3.0%,中部烟叶T2处理超过3.0%;由此,建议云南德宏州晒黄烟烟叶结构最佳优化措施为:封顶后10 d摘除2片底脚叶,晒制到上部叶时摘除2片顶叶,常规留叶数减去4片叶,保留17片叶,其次是封顶时摘除2片底脚叶和1片顶叶,常规留叶数减去3片叶,保留18片叶。

关键词: 晒黄烟, 云晒1号, 结构优化, 部位等级结构, 烟叶品质

Abstract:

In order to meet the application demand of the cigarette industry for the raw materials of sun-dried yellew tobacco in flue-cured tobacco and find out the suitable optimization measures for the structure of sun-dried yellew tobacco in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province, the effects of the optimization measures on the agronomic traits, part grade structure, economic traits and chemical quality of the sun-dried yellow tobacco were studied by using Yunshai 1 sun-dried yellow tobacco as the material. The results showed that the tobacco structure optimization treatment measures could improve the economic traits such as yield, output value and average price, and the comprehensive performance were better with T2 and T5 treatments, followed by T3 and T4 treatments. It could reduce the proportion of lower tobacco leaves, increase the proportion of middle tobacco leaves and the proportion of superior tobacco, and the effect was T5> T4> T3> T2>T1; Most of the chemical composition contents of the upper and middle tobacco leaves met the requirements of high-quality tobacco leaves, and all of them could meet the industrial requirements, and the overall performance of the upper tobacco leaves was better than T5, T2 and T1. T5, T3 and T4 were the best performers in the middle leaves, and the nicotine content of the upper and middle leaves exceeded 2.0%, the upper leaves of T5, T2 and T1 exceeded 3.0%, and the middle leaves of T2 exceeded 3.0%. Therefore, it was suggested that the best optimization measures for the structure of sun-dried yellow tobacco leaves in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province were as follows: 2 bottom foot leaves were removed 10 days after capping, 2 top leaves were removed when the upper leaves were dried, 4 leaves were subtracted from the number of conventional leaves, and 17 leaves were retained, followed by 2 bottom foot leaves and 1 top leaf were removed during capping, and 3 leaves were subtracted from the number of conventional leaves to retain 18 leaves.

Key words: sun-dried yellow tobacco, Yunshai 1, structure optimization, part and grade structure, quality of tobacco leaf

中图分类号:

S572

李光西, 唐旭兵, 甄安忠, 雷加忠, 阳昊, 杨志吉, 段开伟, 扶艳艳, 鲁耀. 晒黄烟云晒1号烟叶结构优化措施[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(11): 2576-2581.

LI Guangxi, TANG Xubing, ZHEN Anzhong, LEI Jiazhong, YANG Hao, YANG Zhiji, DUAN Kaiwei, FU Yanyan, LU Yao. Optimization measures of leaf structure of sun-dried yellow tobacco Yunshai 1[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(11): 2576-2581.

图/表 4

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调查时间	处理	打顶株高/cm	有效叶数	茎围/cm	最大叶长/cm	最大叶宽/cm	最大叶面积/cm²
中部叶成熟期	T1	124.0 ab A	16.3 a A	11.8 b A	63.7 a A	25.2 a A	1 027.3 a A
	T2	121.7 ab A	14.7 bc AB	12.1 a A	62.9 a A	24.6 a A	985.4 a A
	T3	125.5 a A	13.8 c B	12.0 a A	63.1 a A	24.6 a A	990.0 a A
	T4	115.5 b A	14.7 bc AB	12.0 a A	63.1 a A	24.0 a A	969.3 a A
	T5	126.9 a A	16.0 ab A	12.1 a A	65.2 a A	23.9 a A	996.3 a A
上部叶成熟期	T1	120.4 a A	6.7 a A	11.0 b A	54.3 a A	21.7 a A	750.8 a A
	T2	118.2 a A	6.2 a AB	11.4 ab A	55.9 a A	22.6 a A	804.7 a A
	T3	123.1 a A	5.3 b B	11.6 a A	55.3 a A	22.0 a A	777.6 a A
	T4	120.5 a A	6.5 a AB	11.0 b A	53.0 a A	21.2 a A	716.2 a A
	T5	124.0 a A	6.6 a A	11.1 ab A	54.1 a A	20.8 a A	725.8 a A

调查时间	处理	打顶株高/cm	有效叶数	茎围/cm	最大叶长/cm	最大叶宽/cm	最大叶面积/cm²
中部叶成熟期	T1	124.0 ab A	16.3 a A	11.8 b A	63.7 a A	25.2 a A	1 027.3 a A
	T2	121.7 ab A	14.7 bc AB	12.1 a A	62.9 a A	24.6 a A	985.4 a A
	T3	125.5 a A	13.8 c B	12.0 a A	63.1 a A	24.6 a A	990.0 a A
	T4	115.5 b A	14.7 bc AB	12.0 a A	63.1 a A	24.0 a A	969.3 a A
	T5	126.9 a A	16.0 ab A	12.1 a A	65.2 a A	23.9 a A	996.3 a A
上部叶成熟期	T1	120.4 a A	6.7 a A	11.0 b A	54.3 a A	21.7 a A	750.8 a A
	T2	118.2 a A	6.2 a AB	11.4 ab A	55.9 a A	22.6 a A	804.7 a A
	T3	123.1 a A	5.3 b B	11.6 a A	55.3 a A	22.0 a A	777.6 a A
	T4	120.5 a A	6.5 a AB	11.0 b A	53.0 a A	21.2 a A	716.2 a A
	T5	124.0 a A	6.6 a A	11.1 ab A	54.1 a A	20.8 a A	725.8 a A

处理	产量/ (kg·hm^-2)	产值/ (元·hm^-2)	均价/ (元·kg^-1)	上等烟比例/%
T1	3 613.1 b A	9.32 b A	25.80 b A	64.7
T2	3 816.0 a A	10.04 a A	26.28 ab A	72.7
T3	3 751.1 a A	9.86 ab A	26.30 ab A	73.6
T4	3 774.0 a A	10.08 a A	26.70 a A	74.1
T5	3 727.1 ab A	9.69 ab A	25.98 b A	75.9

处理	产量/ (kg·hm^-2)	产值/ (元·hm^-2)	均价/ (元·kg^-1)	上等烟比例/%
T1	3 613.1 b A	9.32 b A	25.80 b A	64.7
T2	3 816.0 a A	10.04 a A	26.28 ab A	72.7
T3	3 751.1 a A	9.86 ab A	26.30 ab A	73.6
T4	3 774.0 a A	10.08 a A	26.70 a A	74.1
T5	3 727.1 ab A	9.69 ab A	25.98 b A	75.9

部位	处理	总糖含量/%	还原糖含量/%	总氮含量/%	烟碱含量/%	钾含量/ %	氯含量/ %	两糖差/ %	糖碱比	氮碱比	钾氯比
上部叶	T1	25.32 b A	22.86 b A	2.17 a A	3.06 a A	2.68 a A	0.33 ab A	2.46 a A	7.48 a A	0.71 a A	8.24 a A
	T2	26.96 ab A	24.31 ab A	2.16 a A	3.19 a A	2.64 a A	0.35 ab A	2.65 a A	7.62 a A	0.68 a A	7.64 a A
	T3	29.39 a A	26.84 a A	1.92 a A	2.75 b A	2.44 a A	0.36 a A	2.55 a A	10.00 a A	0.71 a A	6.95 a A
	T4	29.60 a A	27.03 a A	1.89 a A	2.97 ab A	2.48 a A	0.30 b A	2.57 a A	9.49 a A	0.64 a A	8.30 a A
	T5	28.60 ab A	25.80 ab A	2.08 a A	3.06 a A	2.52 a A	0.34 ab A	2.80 a A	8.60 a A	0.68 a A	7.51 a A
中部叶	T1	23.01 bc AB	20.69 bc AB	2.20 ab A	2.75 b A	3.40 a A	0.47 a A	2.32 a A	7.49 ab AB	0.80 a A	7.57 a A
	T2	20.91 c B	18.53 c B	2.25 a A	3.28 a A	3.35 a A	0.44 a A	2.38 a A	5.73 b B	0.69 b A	7.65 a A
	T3	26.14 ab AB	23.64 ab AB	2.14 ab A	2.88 ab A	3.12 ab A	0.46 a A	2.50 a A	8.33 ab AB	0.75 ab A	6.77 a A
	T4	29.22 a A	26.58 a A	1.88 b A	2.66 b A	2.69 b A	0.36 a A	2.64 a A	10.07 a A	0.71 ab A	7.54 a A
	T5	28.13 a AB	25.58 a A	1.88 b A	2.64 b A	2.78 b A	0.34 a A	2.55 a A	9.82 a A	0.71 ab A	8.37 a A