浙江农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 66 ›› Issue (11): 2732-2737.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250027

• 蚕桑与特种养殖 • 上一篇    下一篇

中蜂枇杷蜜生产和加工技术

黄知楚1(), 陈道印1, 周鹏2, 陈琳3, 赵东绪1, 倪伟成4, 罗谷辉1, 苏晓玲1,*()   

  1. 1 金华市农业科学研究院, 浙江 金华 321017
    2 中国计量大学, 浙江 杭州 310018
    3 丽水市农林科学研究院, 浙江 丽水 323050
    4 磐安县药乡蜂谷生态农林有限公司, 浙江 金华 322300
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-10 出版日期:2025-11-11 发布日期:2025-12-01
  • 通讯作者: 苏晓玲(1987—),女,山东烟台人,高级畜牧师,硕士,研究方向为蜜蜂科学,E-mail: jhmfyjs@163.com
  • 作者简介:黄知楚(1999—),女,江西赣州人,硕士,研究方向为蜜蜂科学,E-mail: zhichu@zju.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    金华市区实施人才培养工程项目(2022-02);浙江省农业重大技术协同推广计划(2023ZDXT17-03);市级农科院联盟区域示范性项目(2023SJLM25);现代农业(蜂)产业技术体系专项(CARS-44-SYZ6)

Production and processing technology of ripe Eriobotrya japonica honey from Apis cerana cerana

HUANG Zhichu1(), CHEN Daoyin1, ZHOU Peng2, CHEN Lin3, ZHAO Dongxu1, NI Weicheng4, LUO Guhui1, SU Xiaoling1,*()   

  1. 1 Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua 321017, Zhejiang
    2 China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang
    3 Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui 323050, Zhejiang
    4 Pan'an Medicine Township Bee Valley Ecological Agriculture and Forestry Co., Ltd., Jinhua 322300, Zhejiang
  • Received:2025-01-10 Online:2025-11-11 Published:2025-12-01

摘要:

通过分析中蜂(Apis cerana cerana)枇杷蜜的生产加工过程,探索提高蜂蜜成熟度的有效方法,优化加工工艺,提高蜂蜜品质。于枇杷蜜花期,采用中蜂郎氏箱和浅继箱生产蜂蜜,将采收的浅继箱封盖蜜脾在不同条件下进行热泵干燥机抽湿处理,并与干燥房抽湿处理进行对比。通过测定蜂蜜中的含水量、酸度、淀粉酶值,及羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)、葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖含量等常规理化指标以评价蜂蜜品质。结果表明,浅继箱生产的基本封盖蜜脾蜂蜜含水量显著(p<0.05)低于中蜂郎氏箱。比较4组热泵干燥条件下的蜂蜜品质发现,处理温度越高、时间越长,蜂蜜成熟度越高,但也促进了5-HMF生成和淀粉酶活性的下降,隶属函数分析表明35 ℃/48 h处理条件下的蜂蜜品质最佳。在35 ℃/48 h条件下,干燥房抽湿和热泵干燥机抽湿处理方法均能显著降低蜂蜜含水量,热泵干燥机抽湿后,果糖含量显著上升,5-HMF含量和淀粉酶值则无显著变化。综上,浅继箱生产的蜂蜜品质优于郎氏箱,干燥房抽湿和热泵干燥机抽湿都能够显著改善蜂蜜的理化指标,提升蜂蜜品质。其中35 ℃/48 h的热泵处理效果最佳。本研究为蜂蜜生产和品质提升提供了重要的数据参考和科学依据,有助于推动蜂产业的可持续发展。

关键词: 中蜂, 枇杷蜜, 浅继箱, 理化指标, 热泵干燥

Abstract:

This study aims to explore effective methods for enhancing honey maturity, optimize post-ripening processes, and improve honey quality by analyzing the production and processing of Eriobotrya japonica honey from Apis cerana cerana. During the Eriobotrya japonica flowering period, mature honey production was produced using both Langstroth hives and shallow boxes. The capped honeycomb frames harvested from the shallow boxes were subjected to dehumidification treatments under various conditions using a heat pump dryer, with the results compared with drying room dehumidification treatment. Honey quality was evaluated by measuring changes in several conventional physicochemical indicators, including moisture content, acidity amylase activity, contents of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), glucose, fructose, sucrose. The result showed that honey from shallow boxes exhibited significantly (p<0.05) lower moisture content compared with that from Langstroth hives. A comparison of honey quality under four different heat pump drying conditions revealed that higher temperatures and longer durations resulted in greater honey maturity but also promoted the formation of 5-HMF and reduced amylase activity. Membership function analysis identified that the optimal honey quality was achieved under treatment at 35 ℃ for 48 h. Under this condition, both drying room dehumidification and heat pump drying significantly reduced the honey's moisture content. Fructose content significantly increased after heat pump drying, while no significant changes were observed in 5-HMF content or amylase activity. In conclusion, honey produced in shallow boxes is of higher quality than that produced in Langstroth hives. Both drying room dehumidification and heat pump drying can significantly improve the physicochemical properties of honey, enhancing its overall quality. Among these, the heat pump treatment at 35 ℃ for 48 h proved to be the most effective. This study provides essential data and scientific evidence for honey production and quality enhancement, contributing to the sustainable development of the beekeeping industry.

Key words: Apis cerana cerana, Eriobotrya japonica honey, shallow box, physicochemical indicator, heat pump drying

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