植物硫酸盐转运体研究进展

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230148

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

硫元素是植物生长发育所必需的矿物质营养元素,主要参与光合作用、呼吸作用、氮固定、蛋白质和脂类合成等重要生理生化过程。植物通过硫酸盐转运体以硫酸根(SO₄^2-)的形式从土壤中吸收硫酸盐。当硫酸盐被吸收进入根系细胞内部后,植物通过质外体和共质体两种养分的运输途径将其运输到根中维管束,进而加载到地上部。当外界硫素充足时,植物将吸收的过量硫储存在液泡中,一旦土壤中硫素缺乏时,液泡储存的硫会释放到细胞质中,进行再分配,以维持植物体内硫酸盐的平衡。到目前为止,硫酸盐转运体的研究主要集中在模式植物拟南芥,对其他植物中的研究还较少。硫缺乏会严重抑制植物的正常生长。在进化过程中植物形成了一整套应对缺硫的分子机制来增加硫的吸收、运输和利用,调节自身的生长发育,其中,硫酸盐转运蛋白在应对硫胁迫过程中起重要的作用。本文将重点阐述植物中硫酸盐从土壤吸收进根系、运输和再分配的分子机制,并对今后的植物硫素吸收转运的研究重点进行展望。

关键词: 硫酸盐转运体, 硫酸根(SO₄^2-), 硫响应元件(SURE), 生长素响应因子(ARF), miRNA395, 磷饥饿响应因子(PHR1)

中图分类号:

Q945

邵俊雯, 王婉瑕, 李瑞莉, 赵红玉. 植物硫酸盐转运体研究进展[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2023, 64(6): 1417-1425.

图/表 5

参考文献 59

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基因	亚细胞定位	表达部位	功能
AtSULTR1;1	细胞质膜	根毛、根尖的表皮和皮层细胞	高亲和硫酸盐转运体,负责根从外界吸收硫酸盐
AtSULTR1;2	细胞质膜	根毛、根尖的表皮和皮层细胞	高亲和硫酸盐转运体,负责根从外界吸收硫酸盐
AtSULTR1;3	细胞质膜	子叶和根的韧皮部	高亲和硫酸盐转运体,调控硫酸盐由源到库的再分配

基因	亚细胞定位	表达部位	功能
AtSULTR1;1	细胞质膜	根毛、根尖的表皮和皮层细胞	高亲和硫酸盐转运体,负责根从外界吸收硫酸盐
AtSULTR1;2	细胞质膜	根毛、根尖的表皮和皮层细胞	高亲和硫酸盐转运体,负责根从外界吸收硫酸盐
AtSULTR1;3	细胞质膜	子叶和根的韧皮部	高亲和硫酸盐转运体,调控硫酸盐由源到库的再分配

基因	细胞定位	表达部位	功能
AtSULTR2;1	未知	根木质部薄壁细胞和中柱鞘细胞,叶片的木质部薄壁细胞和韧皮部细胞	低亲和的硫酸盐转运体,负责硫酸盐从根到地上部的转移
AtSULTR2;2	未知	根的韧皮部细胞和叶片的维管束鞘细胞	低亲和的硫酸盐转运体,负责硫酸盐从根到地上部的转移

基因	细胞定位	表达部位	功能
AtSULTR2;1	未知	根木质部薄壁细胞和中柱鞘细胞,叶片的木质部薄壁细胞和韧皮部细胞	低亲和的硫酸盐转运体,负责硫酸盐从根到地上部的转移
AtSULTR2;2	未知	根的韧皮部细胞和叶片的维管束鞘细胞	低亲和的硫酸盐转运体,负责硫酸盐从根到地上部的转移

基因	细胞定位	表达部位	功能
AtSULTR3;1	叶绿体膜	主要在叶片,在花和种子中也有表达	将胞质中的硫酸盐转运到叶绿体
AtSULTR3;2	未知	叶片	可能参与叶绿体中硫酸盐的转运
AtSULTR3;3	未知	叶片	可能参与叶绿体中硫酸盐的转运
AtSULTR3;4	未知	叶片	可能参与叶绿体中硫酸盐的转运
AtSULTR3;5	细胞质膜	根的中柱鞘和木质部薄壁细胞	负责硫酸盐从根到地上部的转运

植物硫酸盐转运体研究进展

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基因	细胞定位	表达部位	功能
AtSULTR4;1	液泡膜	根的中柱鞘、木质部薄壁细胞、下胚轴和种子,缺硫条件下地上部表达增强	液泡中硫酸盐的输出、参与糖代谢和解毒作用
AtSULTR4;2	液泡膜	根的中柱鞘、木质部薄壁细胞、下胚轴和叶,缺硫条件下地上部表达增强	液泡中硫酸盐的输出

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