基于主成分及聚类分析的粳稻品质综合评价

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240835

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着现代农业的快速发展,对优质稻米的生产与消费需求日益增长,已成为当前水稻产业发展的迫切要求。本研究采用主成分分析法对31个浙江上虞地区粳稻品种的12项稻米品质指标进行综合评价,并利用聚类分析对其进行系统归类。结果表明,上虞地区不同粳稻品种的各项品质指标均存在较大差异,且各指标间表现出不同程度的相关性。其中,垩白度和垩白粒率的变异系数在所有品质指标中最大,直链淀粉含量与垩白粒率呈极显著正相关。主成分分析提取的4个主成分分别反映了外观品质、加工品质、营养品质和食味品质,为全面评估不同水稻品种的品质提供了有效依据。综合分析显示,南粳46、秀水1717和嘉67在多个品质指标上表现优异,综合排名位列前三。此外,聚类分析将31个品种划分为3个类群,12个指标聚为3个类群,品种聚类与品质指标聚类之间具有显著关联性。本研究为水稻质量评估、系统评价与科学分类提供了可靠的技术基础。

关键词: 水稻, 品质评价, 主成分分析, 聚类分析

Abstract:

With the rapid development of modern agriculture, the demand for high-quality rice production and consumption has been increasingly growing, becoming an urgent requirement for the current rice industry development. This study employed principal component analysis (PCA) to comprehensively evaluate 12 quality indicators of 31 japonica rice varieties from Shangyu region of Zhejiang Province, and utilized cluster analysis for systematic classification. The results showed that there were significant differences in various quality indicators among different japonica rice varieties in Shangyu, with varying degrees of correlation observed between indicators. Among them, the coefficients of variation for chalkiness degree and chalky grain rate were the highest across all quality indicators, and amylose content showed a highly significant positive correlation with chalky grain rate. The four principal components extracted by PCA reflected appearance quality, processing quality, nutritional quality, and eating/cooking quality, respectively, providing an effective basis for comprehensively evaluating the quality of different rice varieties. Comprehensive analysis revealed that Nangeng 46, Xiushui 1717, and Jia 67 performed excellently in multiple quality indicators, ranking in the top three overall. Furthermore, cluster analysis divided the 31 varieties into three groups and the 12 indicators into three groups, with significant correlations observed between variety clustering and quality indicator clustering. This study establishes a reliable technical foundation for rice quality assessment, systematic evaluation, and scientific classification.

Key words: rice, quality evaluation, principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis

中图分类号:

S511.22

吕靖芳, 孙秋敏, 戴芬, 朱作艺. 基于主成分及聚类分析的粳稻品质综合评价[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2026, 67(1): 26-33.

LYU Jingfang, SUN Qiumin, DAI Fen, ZHU Zuoyi. Comprehensive quality evaluation of japonica rice based on principal component and cluster analysis[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(1): 26-33.

图/表 7

参考文献 23

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编号	品种	编号	品种
SY1	宁88	SY17	浙粳96
SY2	秀水7204	SY18	南粳46
SY3	浙粳96	SY19	浙粳96
SY4	宁88	SY20	宁88
SY5	宁88	SY21	嘉67
SY6	嘉67	SY22	嘉67
SY7	宁88	SY23	T-ZHW
SY8	南粳46	SY24	嘉67
SY9	嘉67	SY25	浙粳96
SY10	南粳46	SY26	宁88
SY11	秀水14	SY27	宁88
SY12	南粳46	SY28	秀水1717
SY13	浙粳96	SY29	嘉67
SY14	秀水1717	SY30	秀水134
SY15	浙粳96	SY31	嘉67
SY16	南粳46

编号	品种	编号	品种
SY1	宁88	SY17	浙粳96
SY2	秀水7204	SY18	南粳46
SY3	浙粳96	SY19	浙粳96
SY4	宁88	SY20	宁88
SY5	宁88	SY21	嘉67
SY6	嘉67	SY22	嘉67
SY7	宁88	SY23	T-ZHW
SY8	南粳46	SY24	嘉67
SY9	嘉67	SY25	浙粳96
SY10	南粳46	SY26	宁88
SY11	秀水14	SY27	宁88
SY12	南粳46	SY28	秀水1717
SY13	浙粳96	SY29	嘉67
SY14	秀水1717	SY30	秀水134
SY15	浙粳96	SY31	嘉67
SY16	南粳46

编号	糙米率/ %	精米率/ %	整精米率/%	粒长/ mm	长宽比	垩白度/ %	垩白粒率/ %	透明度 (级)	碱消值 (级)	胶稠度/ mm	直链淀粉含量/%	蛋白质含量/%
SY1	84.7	74.3	69.2	5.3	1.9	6.3	42.0	2.0	7.0	62.0	16.3	9.1
SY2	85.4	72.6	47.2	5.4	2.0	5.0	30.0	1.0	7.0	61.0	18.0	8.3
SY3	84.6	72.6	56.5	5.4	2.0	11.3	56.0	2.0	7.0	70.0	18.5	9.0
SY4	83.4	69.0	48.9	5.2	1.9	6.5	36.0	2.0	7.0	70.0	16.0	8.4
SY5	83.3	71.3	63.7	5.0	1.8	6.0	37.0	2.0	7.0	70.0	16.0	8.4
SY6	83.2	70.9	50.2	5.0	1.8	2.9	14.0	3.0	7.0	82.0	8.5	8.6
SY7	84.6	73.4	61.5	5.3	1.9	7.4	45.0	2.0	7.0	66.0	18.7	8.7
SY8	85.9	68.3	56.5	4.9	1.7	6.0	23.0	3.0	7.0	86.0	8.7	7.8
SY9	84.3	67.2	37.1	5.2	1.9	7.9	26.0	3.0	7.0	82.0	9.4	8.3
SY10	85.4	73.3	54.5	5.0	1.7	3.6	13.0	3.0	7.0	79.0	9.2	8.0
SY11	83.2	71.0	63.7	5.0	1.8	5.6	31.0	2.0	7.0	70.0	16.6	8.4
SY12	82.0	70.0	62.7	5.1	1.9	3.4	18.0	3.0	7.0	75.0	11.1	8.4
SY13	83.2	70.9	50.5	5.3	2.0	7.9	38.0	2.0	7.0	70.0	18.4	8.5
SY14	84.6	75.1	73.3	5.3	1.9	2.4	16.0	2.0	7.0	83.0	18.4	7.7
SY15	84.2	73.2	48.6	5.3	2.0	7.6	44.0	2.0	7.0	62.0	19.2	9.0
SY16	84.8	71.4	55.7	5.1	1.8	6.5	24.0	3.0	7.0	78.0	9.6	8.8
SY17	83.4	70.8	48.8	5.4	2.0	10.5	54.0	2.0	7.0	62.0	19.5	8.6
SY18	84.6	68.8	56.8	5.1	1.8	6.7	24.0	3.0	7.0	78.0	10.1	8.4
SY19	84.3	73.6	69.1	5.4	1.9	6.7	43.0	2.0	7.0	60.0	16.4	9.6
SY20	82.7	72.2	65.5	5.3	1.9	6.6	38.0	2.0	7.0	76.0	11.6	9.1
SY21	83.8	71.5	68.5	5.2	1.9	4.4	14.0	3.0	7.0	80.0	8.3	9.7
SY22	82.7	71.2	62.0	5.2	1.8	11.5	38.0	3.0	7.0	80.0	8.9	8.0
SY23	82.6	69.7	66.1	5.2	1.8	7.6	42.0	2.0	7.0	74.0	10.9	8.3
SY24	84.4	69.3	36.6	5.3	1.9	4.9	22.0	3.0	7.0	74.0	10.5	8.9
SY25	82.2	72.3	69.9	5.0	1.8	4.1	20.0	1.0	7.0	66.0	17.6	9.5
SY26	83.0	70.3	56.0	5.1	1.8	9.2	61.0	2.0	7.0	70.0	16.6	7.7
SY27	82.7	72.1	64.6	5.2	1.9	6.4	36.0	2.0	7.0	61.0	17.5	9.6
SY28	83.3	71.9	66.8	5.2	1.9	3.7	25.0	2.0	7.0	78.0	18.5	8.0
SY29	84.1	71.7	46.0	5.2	1.9	5.1	19.0	3.0	7.0	82.0	10.6	7.6
SY30	84.2	72.5	49.1	5.1	1.9	7.8	35.0	2.0	7.0	78.0	16.4	9.7
SY31	83.1	69.7	47.3	5.0	1.9	3.2	12.0	3.0	6.8	81.0	9.3	8.9
最小值	82.0	67.2	36.6	4.9	1.7	2.4	12.0	1.0	6.8	60.0	8.3	7.6
最大值	85.9	75.1	73.3	5.4	2.0	11.5	61.0	3.0	7.0	86.0	19.5	9.7
平均值	83.8	71.4	57.2	5.2	1.9	6.3	31.5	2.3	7.0	73.1	14.0	8.6
变异系数/%	1.2	2.5	17.0	2.7	4.3	37.2	42.1	25.8	0.5	10.6	29.2	7.0

编号	糙米率/ %	精米率/ %	整精米率/%	粒长/ mm	长宽比	垩白度/ %	垩白粒率/ %	透明度 (级)	碱消值 (级)	胶稠度/ mm	直链淀粉含量/%	蛋白质含量/%
SY1	84.7	74.3	69.2	5.3	1.9	6.3	42.0	2.0	7.0	62.0	16.3	9.1
SY2	85.4	72.6	47.2	5.4	2.0	5.0	30.0	1.0	7.0	61.0	18.0	8.3
SY3	84.6	72.6	56.5	5.4	2.0	11.3	56.0	2.0	7.0	70.0	18.5	9.0
SY4	83.4	69.0	48.9	5.2	1.9	6.5	36.0	2.0	7.0	70.0	16.0	8.4
SY5	83.3	71.3	63.7	5.0	1.8	6.0	37.0	2.0	7.0	70.0	16.0	8.4
SY6	83.2	70.9	50.2	5.0	1.8	2.9	14.0	3.0	7.0	82.0	8.5	8.6
SY7	84.6	73.4	61.5	5.3	1.9	7.4	45.0	2.0	7.0	66.0	18.7	8.7
SY8	85.9	68.3	56.5	4.9	1.7	6.0	23.0	3.0	7.0	86.0	8.7	7.8
SY9	84.3	67.2	37.1	5.2	1.9	7.9	26.0	3.0	7.0	82.0	9.4	8.3
SY10	85.4	73.3	54.5	5.0	1.7	3.6	13.0	3.0	7.0	79.0	9.2	8.0
SY11	83.2	71.0	63.7	5.0	1.8	5.6	31.0	2.0	7.0	70.0	16.6	8.4
SY12	82.0	70.0	62.7	5.1	1.9	3.4	18.0	3.0	7.0	75.0	11.1	8.4
SY13	83.2	70.9	50.5	5.3	2.0	7.9	38.0	2.0	7.0	70.0	18.4	8.5
SY14	84.6	75.1	73.3	5.3	1.9	2.4	16.0	2.0	7.0	83.0	18.4	7.7
SY15	84.2	73.2	48.6	5.3	2.0	7.6	44.0	2.0	7.0	62.0	19.2	9.0
SY16	84.8	71.4	55.7	5.1	1.8	6.5	24.0	3.0	7.0	78.0	9.6	8.8
SY17	83.4	70.8	48.8	5.4	2.0	10.5	54.0	2.0	7.0	62.0	19.5	8.6
SY18	84.6	68.8	56.8	5.1	1.8	6.7	24.0	3.0	7.0	78.0	10.1	8.4
SY19	84.3	73.6	69.1	5.4	1.9	6.7	43.0	2.0	7.0	60.0	16.4	9.6
SY20	82.7	72.2	65.5	5.3	1.9	6.6	38.0	2.0	7.0	76.0	11.6	9.1
SY21	83.8	71.5	68.5	5.2	1.9	4.4	14.0	3.0	7.0	80.0	8.3	9.7
SY22	82.7	71.2	62.0	5.2	1.8	11.5	38.0	3.0	7.0	80.0	8.9	8.0
SY23	82.6	69.7	66.1	5.2	1.8	7.6	42.0	2.0	7.0	74.0	10.9	8.3
SY24	84.4	69.3	36.6	5.3	1.9	4.9	22.0	3.0	7.0	74.0	10.5	8.9
SY25	82.2	72.3	69.9	5.0	1.8	4.1	20.0	1.0	7.0	66.0	17.6	9.5
SY26	83.0	70.3	56.0	5.1	1.8	9.2	61.0	2.0	7.0	70.0	16.6	7.7
SY27	82.7	72.1	64.6	5.2	1.9	6.4	36.0	2.0	7.0	61.0	17.5	9.6
SY28	83.3	71.9	66.8	5.2	1.9	3.7	25.0	2.0	7.0	78.0	18.5	8.0
SY29	84.1	71.7	46.0	5.2	1.9	5.1	19.0	3.0	7.0	82.0	10.6	7.6
SY30	84.2	72.5	49.1	5.1	1.9	7.8	35.0	2.0	7.0	78.0	16.4	9.7
SY31	83.1	69.7	47.3	5.0	1.9	3.2	12.0	3.0	6.8	81.0	9.3	8.9
最小值	82.0	67.2	36.6	4.9	1.7	2.4	12.0	1.0	6.8	60.0	8.3	7.6
最大值	85.9	75.1	73.3	5.4	2.0	11.5	61.0	3.0	7.0	86.0	19.5	9.7
平均值	83.8	71.4	57.2	5.2	1.9	6.3	31.5	2.3	7.0	73.1	14.0	8.6
变异系数/%	1.2	2.5	17.0	2.7	4.3	37.2	42.1	25.8	0.5	10.6	29.2	7.0

指标	PC1		PC2		PC3		PC4
指标	特征向量	载荷	特征向量	载荷	特征向量	载荷	特征向量	载荷
x₁	0.124	0.066	0.179	0.116	-0.242	-0.189	0.924	0.872
x₂	-0.491	-0.262	0.272	0.176	0.607	0.474	0.387	0.365
x₃	-0.264	-0.141	0.635	0.411	0.379	0.296	-0.263	-0.248
x₅	-0.297	-0.159	-0.826	-0.535	0.325	0.254	0.007	0.007
x₈	0.859	0.459	-0.073	-0.047	-0.148	-0.115	0.004	0.004
x₉	0.008	0.004	0.783	0.507	-0.407	-0.317	0.007	0.007
x₁₀	0.827	0.442	-0.280	-0.181	0.178	0.139	0.052	0.049
x₁₁	-0.885	-0.472	-0.121	-0.079	0.228	0.178	0.111	0.105
x₁₃	0.470	0.251	0.389	0.252	0.689	0.538	0.054	0.051
x₁₄	0.790	0.421	0.186	0.120	0.457	0.357	-0.005	-0.004
x₁₅	0.213	0.114	-0.543	-0.352	0.114	0.089	0.176	0.166