浙江农业科学

浙江农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 66 ›› Issue (9): 2090-2095.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250133

• 粮食作物 • 上一篇    下一篇

沼液替代化肥对水稻农艺性状和产量的影响

李成伟1(), 韦海敏1, 刘胜1, 孟登辉2, 周晨辉1,*()   

  1. 1.牧原食品股份有限公司,河南 南阳 473000
    2.河南牧原生态环境科技有限公司,河南 南阳 473000
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-21 出版日期:2025-09-11 发布日期:2025-10-14
  • 通讯作者: 周晨辉,初级农艺师,从事生猪养殖畜禽粪污资源利用和作物高产栽培等工作,E-mail:zhouchenhui1@muyuanfoods.com。
  • 作者简介:李成伟(1996—),男,河南洛阳人,初级农艺师,主要从事生猪养殖畜禽粪污资源利用和作物高产栽培等工作,E-mail:lichengwei1@muyuanfoods.com。

Effects of chemical fertilizer replaced by biogas slurry on the agronomic traits and yield of rice

LI Chengwei1(), WEI Haimin1, LIU Sheng1, MENG Denghui2, ZHOU Chenhui1,*()   

  1. 1. Muyuan Foods Co.,Ltd., Nanyang 473000, Henan
    2. Henan Muyuan Ecological Environment Technology Co., Ltd., Nanyang 473000, Henan
  • Received:2025-02-21 Online:2025-09-11 Published:2025-10-14

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摘要：

为明确沼液替代化肥对不同水稻类型生长发育及产量的影响,本研究以常规粳稻南粳5718和杂交籼稻荃优169为对象,设置沼液部分替代化肥、沼液全替代化肥处理,以常规化肥处理为对照,系统分析不同施肥量和施肥时期对水稻分蘖动态、株高、干物质重及产量等性状的影响。结果表明,与CF处理相比,T1处理对2个品种水稻的株高无显著影响,降低了2个品种水稻的分蘖数;T2~T4处理显著提升2个品种水稻的株高,增加2个水稻品种的分蘖数;T1~T4对2个水稻品种第1、2节间长度的影响均不显著(荃优169的T3处理除外),提高了2个水稻品种的茎叶重、穗重和总重。对比CF处理,所有沼液替代处理均使2个水稻品种增产,其中T2~T4处理通过增加荃优169和南粳5718的有效穗数使产量分别提高7.9%~19.1%和8.7%~17.5%。南粳5718的T4处理因分期施肥较T3处理的每穗粒数显著增加29.9%;2个水稻品种的T3处理均因增施粒肥较T2处理提高了结实率。综上,沼液替代化肥可在增产的基础上降低减少化肥的用量,为沼液资源化利用及水稻绿色栽培提供科学依据。

关键词: 沼液, 水稻, 施肥, 农艺性状, 产量

Abstract:

To clarify the effects of chemical fertilizer replaced by biogas slurry on the growth, development, and yield of different rice types, conventional japonica rice Nangeng 5718 and hybrid indica rice Quanyou 169 were used as materials for experiments. Treatments included partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with biogas slurry and complete replacement of chemical fertilizer with biogas slurry, with conventional chemical fertilizer treatment as the control (CF). The effects of different fertilization dose and timing on rice traits such as tillering dynamics, plant height, dry matter weight, and yield were systematically analyzed. The results showed that compared with the CF treatment, T1 treatment had no significant effect on the plant height of both rice varieties but reduced their tiller number. Treatments T2-T4 significantly increased the plant height and tiller number of both varieties. Treatments T1-T4 had no significant effect on the length of the first and second internodes for both varieties (except the T3 treatment for Quanyou 169), but increased stem and leaf weight, panicle weight, and total weight for both varieties. Compared with the CF treatment, all treatments with replacement of chemical fertilizer with biogas slurry biogas increased the yield of both rice varieties. Specifically, treatments T2-T4 increased yield by 7.9%-19.1% for Quanyou 169 and 8.7%-17.5% for Nangeng 5718, primarily by increasing the number of effective panicles. For Nangeng 5718, T4 treatment significantly increased 29.9% in grains per panicle compared with T3 treatment due to staged fertilization. For both varieties, the T3 treatment improved the seed-setting rate compared with T2 treatment due to additional grain fertilizer. In conclusion, chemical fertilizers replaced by biogas slurry can increase yield while reducing chemical fertilizer usage, providing a scientific basis for the resource utilization of biogas slurry and green rice cultivation.

Key words: biogas slurry, rice, fertilization, agronomic traits, yield

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