浙江农业科学

浙江农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (8): 1940-1944.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250167

• 经济作物 • 上一篇    下一篇

收获时间和方式对机收芝麻种子破损及发芽的影响

吴鹤敏1(), 张仙美1, 卫松山1, 李天奇1, 刘立峰1, 刘美茹1, 王晴2, 郑磊1()   

  1. 1.漯河市农业科学院 漯河市芝麻工程技术研究中心，河南 漯河 462300
    2.漯河市源汇区农业技术推广中心，河南 漯河 462499
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-05 出版日期:2026-08-11 发布日期:2026-08-20
  • 通讯作者: 郑磊
  • 作者简介:郑磊，E-mail：zml2518@163.com。
    吴鹤敏，主要从事芝麻遗传育种与栽培研究。E-mail：wuhemin2002@aliyun.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家特色油料产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-14);河南省农科系统芝麻学科创新协同体

Effects of harvest time and method on seed damage and germination of mechanically harvested sesame

WU Hemin1(), ZHANG Xianmei1, WEI Songshan1, LI Tianqi1, LIU Lifeng1, LIU Meiru1, WANG Qing2, ZHENG Lei1()   

  1. 1.Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Luohe Engineering Research Center of Sesame，Luohe 462300，Henan
    2.Yuanhui District Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Luohe，Luohe 462499，Henan
  • Received:2025-03-05 Online:2026-08-11 Published:2026-08-20
  • Contact: ZHENG Lei

RichHTML

3

PDF (PC)

24

摘要：

机械化收获已成为当前芝麻生产的发展方向。鉴于目前对机收种子发芽方面的研究尚不充分，本试验以不同时间和方式收获的芝麻种子为材料，开展了破损率及发芽特性研究。结果表明：机械化收获的种子破损率（6.50%～12.50%）显著（p<0.05）高于人工收获（1.00%）。随着机械化收获时间的延迟，种子破损率逐渐降低。在现行标准的成熟期进行机械化收获，种子容易发生霉变。与机械化收获处理相比，人工收获处理的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数及鲜重均显著优于前者。人工收获的破损率与其他各项指标均呈极显著（p<0.01）负相关。部分破损或霉变的种子仍具有发芽能力，少数霉变种子甚至能保持正常活力。现行标准的成熟期不适宜进行机械化收获；机械化收获时期不应早于植株顶部尚未干燥、3/4蒴果开裂的阶段，以整株干燥时收获为佳。鉴于机械化收获对种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响，推荐将适宜机械化收获品种的播种量在传统品种基础上提高11%。本研究为宜机收芝麻品种最佳收获时期及播种量的确定提供了理论依据。

关键词: 芝麻, 机械化收获, 破损, 发芽率, 霉变

Abstract:

Mechanical harvesting has become the development direction of current sesame production. In view of the insufficient research on the germination of mechanically harvested seeds，this experiment used sesame seeds obtained by different methods at different harvest time to conduct studies on seed damage and germination characteristics. The results showed that the seed damage rate of mechanical harvesting（6.50%-12.50%）was significantly （p<0.05） higher than that of manual harvesting（1.00%）. With the delay of mechanical harvesting time，the seed damage rate gradually decreased. Mechanical harvesting at the maturity stage specified by the current standard led to easy seed mildew. Compared with mechanical harvesting，manual harvesting resulted in significantly higher germination rate，germination potential，germination index，vigor index，and fresh weight. The damage rate of manual harvesting showed a highly significant （p<0.01）negative correlation with all other indicators. Some damaged or mildewed seeds still possessed germination ability，and a few mildewed seeds even maintained normal vigor. The maturity stage defined by the current standard is not suitable for mechanical harvesting. The mechanical harvesting time should not be earlier than the stage when the top of the plant is still not dry and three-quarters of the capsules have dehisced，and it is better to harvest when the whole plant is dry. Given the impact of mechanical harvesting on seed germination and seedling growth，it is recommended to increase the seeding rate of varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting by 11% compared with traditional varieties. This study provides a theoretical basis for determining the optimal harvest time and seeding rate for sesame varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting.

Key words: sesame, mechanical harvesting, damage, germination rate, mildew

中图分类号: