Effects of different slow-release fertilizer application patterns on wheat growth and yield

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230830

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to improve the efficiency of fertilizer use and reduce the number of fertilization, seven different fertilization application patterns were set up in this experiment to explore the effects of slow-release fertilizer and urea basal application and sub-application on wheat growth and yield under the same nitrogen level. The results showed that the number of grains per panicle could be increased by one-time basal application of slow-release fertilizer, but the effective panicle number and 1000-grain weight decreased, and the cost increased, which was not conducive to increasing yield and efficiency. Slow-release fertilizer basal application combined with urea application at jointing stage can promote wheat panicle weight, increase aboveground dry matter accumulation, and improve nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, which is conducive to increasing yield and efficiency. A 15% reduction in nitrogen would lead to an 8.81% decrease in yield compared with conventional fertilization, but it had a certain effect of reducing costs and increasing nitrogen efficiency compared with the one-time basal application of slow-release fertilizer.

Key words: slow-release fertilizer, wheat, yield structure, net benefit

CLC Number:

S512.1

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ZUO Xilong, WANG Zhengbo, CHEN Chunsheng, WANG Jihan, WANG Jie, LI Jun. Effects of different slow-release fertilizer application patterns on wheat growth and yield[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(10): 2393-2397.

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http://www.zjnykx.cn/EN/Y2024/V65/I10/2393

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1 Experimental design

模式	施肥
CK	普通尿素5∶1∶2∶2
M2	100%缓释肥基施
M3	60%缓释肥基施, 40%尿素拔节期追施
M4	60%尿素基施, 40%缓释肥返青期追施
M5	60%缓释肥基施, 40%缓释肥返青期追施
M6	M3模式减氮15%
M7	M4模式减氮15%

Table 1 Experimental design

模式	施肥
CK	普通尿素5∶1∶2∶2
M2	100%缓释肥基施
M3	60%缓释肥基施, 40%尿素拔节期追施
M4	60%尿素基施, 40%缓释肥返青期追施
M5	60%缓释肥基施, 40%缓释肥返青期追施
M6	M3模式减氮15%
M7	M4模式减氮15%

Table 2 Tiller dynamics in different patterns

模式	667 m² 基本苗/万	667 m² 高峰苗/万	667 m² 孕穗期/万	667 m² 开花期/万	667 m² 成熟期/万	分蘖成穗率/ %	穗苗比
CK	25.2	91.8 f	54.4 a	41.8 a	38.0 a	41.4	1.51
M2	25.2	102.0 a	54.4 a	40.5 b	36.1 b	35.4	1.43
M3	25.2	93.6 d	50.2 b	40.1 b	38.8 a	41.5	1.54
M4	25.2	94.2 c	50.8 b	38.2 c	33.2 c	35.2	1.32
M5	25.2	96.0 b	47.2 d	37.3 d	34.8 b	36.3	1.38
M6	25.2	92.3 e	49.0 c	34.6 e	30.2 d	32.7	1.20
M7	25.2	91.2 f	42.4 e	33.2 f	30.0 d	32.9	1.19

Table 2 Tiller dynamics in different patterns

模式	667 m² 基本苗/万	667 m² 高峰苗/万	667 m² 孕穗期/万	667 m² 开花期/万	667 m² 成熟期/万	分蘖成穗率/ %	穗苗比
CK	25.2	91.8 f	54.4 a	41.8 a	38.0 a	41.4	1.51
M2	25.2	102.0 a	54.4 a	40.5 b	36.1 b	35.4	1.43
M3	25.2	93.6 d	50.2 b	40.1 b	38.8 a	41.5	1.54
M4	25.2	94.2 c	50.8 b	38.2 c	33.2 c	35.2	1.32
M5	25.2	96.0 b	47.2 d	37.3 d	34.8 b	36.3	1.38
M6	25.2	92.3 e	49.0 c	34.6 e	30.2 d	32.7	1.20
M7	25.2	91.2 f	42.4 e	33.2 f	30.0 d	32.9	1.19

Table 3 Plant height and root number per plant in different fertilization patterns

模式	株高/cm				单株根数
模式	拔节期	孕穗期	开花期	成熟期	拔节期	孕穗期
CK	30.8	66.5	86.5	87.5	10.6	21.2
M2	32.8	63.5	83.0	86.5	9.4	20.3
M3	30.5	63.0	86.3	88.2	9.0	19.5
M4	31.3	61.5	83.2	87.5	9.8	19.3
M5	31.5	58.5	82.2	87.0	9.3	20.2
M6	28.2	55.6	82.5	86.6	8.8	17.4
M7	27.5	53.5	82.5	85.3	9.0	16.6

Table 3 Plant height and root number per plant in different fertilization patterns

模式	株高/cm				单株根数
模式	拔节期	孕穗期	开花期	成熟期	拔节期	孕穗期
CK	30.8	66.5	86.5	87.5	10.6	21.2
M2	32.8	63.5	83.0	86.5	9.4	20.3
M3	30.5	63.0	86.3	88.2	9.0	19.5
M4	31.3	61.5	83.2	87.5	9.8	19.3
M5	31.5	58.5	82.2	87.0	9.3	20.2
M6	28.2	55.6	82.5	86.6	8.8	17.4
M7	27.5	53.5	82.5	85.3	9.0	16.6

Table 4 Yield components in different fertilization patterns

模式	产量结构				667 m² 实际产量/ kg
模式	667 m² 有效穗/万	穗粒数	千粒重/ g	667 m² 理论产量/kg	667 m² 实际产量/ kg
CK	38.00 b	42.27 b	42.56 c	683.73	536.84 b
M2	36.14 c	43.21 a	42.32 c	660.79	511.00 d
M3	38.80 a	41.13 c	43.68 a	697.12	560.09 a
M4	33.20 e	41.20 c	43.58 a	596.19	510.39 d
M5	34.80 d	41.64 b	43.08 b	624.36	521.14 c
M6	30.20 f	42.07 b	41.39 e	525.83	494.07 e
M7	30.00 f	41.62 b	41.85 d	522.46	485.01 f

Table 4 Yield components in different fertilization patterns

模式	产量结构				667 m² 实际产量/ kg
模式	667 m² 有效穗/万	穗粒数	千粒重/ g	667 m² 理论产量/kg	667 m² 实际产量/ kg
CK	38.00 b	42.27 b	42.56 c	683.73	536.84 b
M2	36.14 c	43.21 a	42.32 c	660.79	511.00 d
M3	38.80 a	41.13 c	43.68 a	697.12	560.09 a
M4	33.20 e	41.20 c	43.58 a	596.19	510.39 d
M5	34.80 d	41.64 b	43.08 b	624.36	521.14 c
M6	30.20 f	42.07 b	41.39 e	525.83	494.07 e
M7	30.00 f	41.62 b	41.85 d	522.46	485.01 f

Table 5 Fresh weight and dry weight per unit area of the aboveground in different fertilization patterns

模式	鲜重/(g·m^-2)				干重/(g·m^-2)
模式	拔节期	孕穗期	开花期	成熟期	拔节期	孕穗期	开花期	成熟期
CK	2 740.74	8 336.75	7 235.22	4 184.38	413.89	1 367.16	1 465.23	2 004.13
M2	2 181.71	8 584.71	7 235.57	4 812.43	407.46	1 313.86	1 467.65	2 116.52
M3	2 025.98	8 007.53	6 418.29	5 641.92	368.53	1 234.86	1 511.88	2 286.68
M4	2 044.52	8 231.43	6 644.18	4 709.10	372.62	1 106.47	1 336.74	1 967.11
M5	2 221.77	8 469.04	6 720.94	3 447.30	382.52	1 213.65	1 498.53	1 699.64
M6	1 903.51	6 425.68	5 996.23	3 536.58	348.88	1 083.29	1 247.09	1 459.12
M7	1 893.31	7 849.16	6 384.54	3 776.41	339.73	972.92	1 293.74	1 671.76

Table 5 Fresh weight and dry weight per unit area of the aboveground in different fertilization patterns

模式	鲜重/(g·m^-2)				干重/(g·m^-2)
模式	拔节期	孕穗期	开花期	成熟期	拔节期	孕穗期	开花期	成熟期
CK	2 740.74	8 336.75	7 235.22	4 184.38	413.89	1 367.16	1 465.23	2 004.13
M2	2 181.71	8 584.71	7 235.57	4 812.43	407.46	1 313.86	1 467.65	2 116.52
M3	2 025.98	8 007.53	6 418.29	5 641.92	368.53	1 234.86	1 511.88	2 286.68
M4	2 044.52	8 231.43	6 644.18	4 709.10	372.62	1 106.47	1 336.74	1 967.11
M5	2 221.77	8 469.04	6 720.94	3 447.30	382.52	1 213.65	1 498.53	1 699.64
M6	1 903.51	6 425.68	5 996.23	3 536.58	348.88	1 083.29	1 247.09	1 459.12
M7	1 893.31	7 849.16	6 384.54	3 776.41	339.73	972.92	1 293.74	1 671.76

Table 6 Nitrogen agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen in different fertilization patterns

模式	氮肥农学利用率/ (kg·kg^-1)	氮肥偏生产力/ (kg·kg^-1)
CK	14.26	29.18
M2	12.85	27.77
M3	15.52	30.44
M4	12.82	27.74
M5	13.40	28.32
M6	14.04	31.59
M7	13.46	31.01

Table 6 Nitrogen agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen in different fertilization patterns

模式	氮肥农学利用率/ (kg·kg^-1)	氮肥偏生产力/ (kg·kg^-1)
CK	14.26	29.18
M2	12.85	27.77
M3	15.52	30.44
M4	12.82	27.74
M5	13.40	28.32
M6	14.04	31.59
M7	13.46	31.01

Table 7 Analysis of economic benefits of wheat in different fertilization patterns

模式	667 m² 产值/元	667 m²分施增加的人工成本/元	667 m² 肥料成本/ 元	667 m² 净效益/ 元	产投比
CK	1 342.09	30	125.18	771.91	1.35
M2	1 277.49	0	197.31	665.19	1.09
M3	1 400.21	10	168.47	806.74	1.36
M4	1 275.97	10	154.05	696.91	1.20
M5	1 302.86	10	197.31	680.55	1.09
M6	1 235.18	10	143.20	666.98	1.17
M7	1 212.53	10	130.94	656.58	1.18

Table 7 Analysis of economic benefits of wheat in different fertilization patterns

模式	667 m² 产值/元	667 m²分施增加的人工成本/元	667 m² 肥料成本/ 元	667 m² 净效益/ 元	产投比
CK	1 342.09	30	125.18	771.91	1.35
M2	1 277.49	0	197.31	665.19	1.09
M3	1 400.21	10	168.47	806.74	1.36
M4	1 275.97	10	154.05	696.91	1.20
M5	1 302.86	10	197.31	680.55	1.09
M6	1 235.18	10	143.20	666.98	1.17
M7	1 212.53	10	130.94	656.58	1.18

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