Evaluation of cultivated land fertility in typical hilly mountainous areas of Southwestern Zhejiang

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240199

Abstract

Abstract:

By collecting and analyzing typical soil samples from the mountainous areas of Southwes tern Zhejiang, this study comprehensively investigated soil nutrient status and cultivated land fertility, providing a scienjpgic basis for the sustainable utilization of farmland in mountainous regions. The geographic information system, comprehensive fertility index, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis were integrated to explore small-scale soil nutrient characteristics, evaluate cultivated land fertility, and idenjpgy dominant factors. The results indicated that, soil pH value was generally strongly acidic, while organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium levels were relatively high. Soil bulk density, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and water-soluble salt content were within moderate ranges. Soil pH values were concentrated in grades Ⅳ-Ⅵ. Organic matter content were mainly in grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Total nitrogen and available phosphorus levels were predominantly in grades Ⅰ and Ⅱ. Available potassium levels were mainly in grades Ⅰ-Ⅳ. The average comprehensive fertility index was 0.68, with grade Ⅰ, grade Ⅱ, and grade Ⅲ cultivated lands accounting for 0.70%, 75.90%, and 23.40% of the total area, respectively. Correlation analysis and PCA revealed that soil organic matter and total nitrogen content were the core determinants of cultivated land fertility.

Key words: soil nutrients, cultivated land fertility evaluation, Southwestern Zhejiang, hilly mountainous areas, principal component analysis

CLC Number:

S158

WANG Huilai, WANG Yin, WU Dongtao, YE Zhengqian. Evaluation of cultivated land fertility in typical hilly mountainous areas of Southwestern Zhejiang[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(8): 2008-2014.

Figures/Tables 7

References 20

[1]	沈仁芳, 陈美军, 孔祥斌, 等. 耕地质量的概念和评价与管理对策[J]. 土壤学报, 2012, 49(6): 1210-1217.
[2]	徐明岗, 卢昌艾, 张文菊, 等. 我国耕地质量状况与提升对策[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2016, 37(7): 8-14.
[3]	董悦, 张永清, 刘彩彩. 晋中市土壤养分空间分布与影响因子的相关性[J]. 生态学报, 2018, 38(23): 8621-8629.
[4]	丁琪洵, 詹雪洁, 张天恩, 等. 宿州市耕地土壤养分时空变化特征分析[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2023, 40(1): 97-105.
[5]	夏凡, 王永东, 郑子成, 等. 小尺度下茶园土壤有效态微量元素空间变异特征及其影响因素分析[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2022, 28(6): 1047-1054.
[6]	刘志平, 张鹏飞, 周怀平, 等. 基于主成分—聚类分析的褐土肥力质量评价[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2022(11): 167-173.
[7]	林建平, 邓爱珍, 赵小敏, 等. 南方典型丘陵山区不同高程耕地土壤养分变化特征分析[J]. 农业机械学报, 2019, 50(5): 300-309.
[8]	王潇璇, 何诗杨, 叶子豪, 等. 村域尺度山核桃林地土壤肥力空间变异特征及影响因素[J]. 浙江农林大学学报, 2023, 40(4): 811-819.
[9]	张丽君, 麻万诸, 项佳敏, 等. 浙江省耕地土壤速效钾状况及影响因素分析[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2020, 61(4): 607-611.
[10]	张红桔, 马闪闪, 赵科理, 等. 山核桃林地土壤肥力状况及其空间分布特征[J]. 浙江农林大学学报, 2018, 35(4): 664-673.
[11]	鲁如坤. 土壤农业化学分析方法[M]. 北京: 中国农业科学技术出版社, 2000.
[12]	陈謇, 丁安娜, 施加春. 浙江省温岭市土壤pH及氮磷钾养分时空动态变化特征[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2021, 47(4): 517-526.
[13]	蔡美芳, 刘晓伟, 吴孝情, 等. 基于土壤养分平衡的畜禽养殖承载力研究[J]. 土壤学报, 2018, 55(6): 1431-1440.
[14]	毛伟, 李文西, 陈明, 等. 近30年扬州市耕地土壤肥力变异特征及其驱动因素分析[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(11): 1998-2009.
[15]	赵瑞芬, 程滨, 滑小赞, 等. 基于主成分分析的山西省核桃主产区土壤肥力评价[J]. 山西农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 40(6): 61-68.
[16]	柴华, 何念鹏. 中国土壤容重特征及其对区域碳贮量估算的意义[J]. 生态学报, 2016, 36(13): 3903-3910.
[17]	康婷, 周春火, 魏宗强, 等. 江西省土壤阳离子交换量区域分布特征及其影响因素[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(14): 66-71.
[18]	LIANG F, LI B Z, VOGT R D, et al. Straw return exacerbates soil acidification in major Chinese croplands[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2023, 198: 107176.
[19]	MENG C, TIAN D S, ZENG H, et al. Global soil acidification impacts on belowground processes[J]. Environmental Research Letters, 2019, 14(7): 074003.
[20]	张妍娥, 杨鹏, 马延龙, 等. 兰州市耕地养分综合评价及其影响因素研究[J]. 土壤通报, 2023, 54(5): 1023-1031.

指标	pH值	有机质含量/ (g·kg^-1)	全氮含量/ (g·kg^-1)	速效钾含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	容重/ (g·cm^-3)	阳离子交换量/ (cmol·kg^-1)	水溶性盐总量/ (g·kg^-1)
平均值	5.06	34.26	2.08	166.59	51.98	1.22	12.64	0.31
最小值	4.06	20.50	1.33	12.00	3.94	1.02	4.24	0.10
最大值	7.02	60.36	3.42	800.00	140.76	1.45	23.85	0.80
中位值	4.98	33.67	2.09	141.50	47.89	1.23	12.07	0.25
标准差	0.61	7.07	0.38	152.46	25.80	0.11	4.43	0.17
偏度	0.85	0.89	0.65	2.55	0.91	-0.12	0.50	1.31
峰度	0.92	2.31	1.84	7.32	1.69	-0.94	-0.18	1.02
变异系数/%	12.05	20.63	18.20	91.52	49.63	8.66	35.02	53.39

指标	pH值	有机质含量/ (g·kg^-1)	全氮含量/ (g·kg^-1)	速效钾含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	容重/ (g·cm^-3)	阳离子交换量/ (cmol·kg^-1)	水溶性盐总量/ (g·kg^-1)
平均值	5.06	34.26	2.08	166.59	51.98	1.22	12.64	0.31
最小值	4.06	20.50	1.33	12.00	3.94	1.02	4.24	0.10
最大值	7.02	60.36	3.42	800.00	140.76	1.45	23.85	0.80
中位值	4.98	33.67	2.09	141.50	47.89	1.23	12.07	0.25
标准差	0.61	7.07	0.38	152.46	25.80	0.11	4.43	0.17
偏度	0.85	0.89	0.65	2.55	0.91	-0.12	0.50	1.31
峰度	0.92	2.31	1.84	7.32	1.69	-0.94	-0.18	1.02
变异系数/%	12.05	20.63	18.20	91.52	49.63	8.66	35.02	53.39

等级	地貌类型	点位占比/%	坡度/ (°)	点位占比/%	冬季地下水位/cm	点位占比/%	地表砾石度/%	点位占比/%	剖面结构	点位占比/%	耕层厚度/cm	点位占比/%	抗旱能力/d	点位占比/%
Ⅰ	水网平原	0	≤3	0	>80~100	0	≤10	50.00	A-Ap-W-C/A-[B]-C	87.50	>20	0	>70	0
Ⅱ	滨海平原/河谷平原大畈/低丘大畈	0	>3~6	17.86	>100	0	>10~25	39.29	A-Ap-P-C/A-Ap-Gw-G	8.93	>16~20	1.79	>50~70	0
Ⅲ	河谷平原	0	>6~10	16.07	>50~80	91.07	>25	10.71	A-[B]C-C	0	>12~16	66.07	>30~50	96.43
Ⅳ	低丘	14.29	>10~15	51.79	>20~50	7.14	—	—	A-Ap-C/A-Ap-G	0	>8~12	32.14	≤30	3.57
Ⅴ	高丘	85.71	>15~25	14.29	≤20	1.79	—	—	A-C	3.57	≤8	0	—	—

等级	地貌类型	点位占比/%	坡度/ (°)	点位占比/%	冬季地下水位/cm	点位占比/%	地表砾石度/%	点位占比/%	剖面结构	点位占比/%	耕层厚度/cm	点位占比/%	抗旱能力/d	点位占比/%
Ⅰ	水网平原	0	≤3	0	>80~100	0	≤10	50.00	A-Ap-W-C/A-[B]-C	87.50	>20	0	>70	0
Ⅱ	滨海平原/河谷平原大畈/低丘大畈	0	>3~6	17.86	>100	0	>10~25	39.29	A-Ap-P-C/A-Ap-Gw-G	8.93	>16~20	1.79	>50~70	0
Ⅲ	河谷平原	0	>6~10	16.07	>50~80	91.07	>25	10.71	A-[B]C-C	0	>12~16	66.07	>30~50	96.43
Ⅳ	低丘	14.29	>10~15	51.79	>20~50	7.14	—	—	A-Ap-C/A-Ap-G	0	>8~12	32.14	≤30	3.57
Ⅴ	高丘	85.71	>15~25	14.29	≤20	1.79	—	—	A-C	3.57	≤8	0	—	—

等级	pH值	点位占比/ %	有机质含量/ (g·kg^-1)	点位占比/%	全氮含量/ (g·kg^-1)	点位占比/ %	有效磷含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	点位占比/ %	速效钾含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	点位占比/ %
Ⅰ	>7.0~7.5	1.79	>40	16.07	>2.00	57.14	>40	71.43	>200	23.21
Ⅱ	>6.5~7.0	0	>30~40	58.93	>1.50~2.00	35.71	>20~40	19.64	>150~200	19.64
Ⅲ	>6.0~6.5	7.14	>20~30	25.00	>1.00~1.50	7.14	>10~20	5.36	>100~150	21.43
Ⅳ	>5.5~6.0	8.93	>10~20	0	>0.75~1.00	0	>5~10	1.79	>50~100	21.43
Ⅴ	>4.5~5.5	66.07	>6~10	0	>0.50~0.75	0	>3~5	1.79	>30~50	7.14
Ⅵ	≤4.5	16.07	≤6	0	≤0.50	0	≤3	0	≤30	7.14