Abstract:

Increasing farmers' income from grain cultivation is a key factor in ensuring food security. The study focuses on major grain producers in Yinzhou District，Ningbo City. Through questionnaire surveys and one-on-one interviews，it aims to gain a deep understanding of their production and operation conditions，costs and benefits，as well as the bottlenecks they face in increasing income. This study shows that due to factors such as high land use costs，rising agricultural supply costs and narrow sales channels，the income from growing grain in Yinzhou District is generally low. The production mode with the highest profit is double-cropping rice（the continuous cropping late rice is hybrid rice），with a unit profit of 12 468.90 yuan·hm^-2，while planting single-cropping rice even leads to losses. Food security relies on government subsidies. Without subsidies，all production models will suffer losses. Based on the decomposition and calculation of cost-benefit，the reasons for the low income from growing grain were studied and explored，and targeted improvement strategies were proposed，which is of reference significance for stimulating the enthusiasm of growing grain and ensuring food security.

Key words: food security, grain production profit, cost-benefit analysis, grain subsidy