
Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (6): 1522-1528.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250445
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WANG Jiamin1,2(
), ZHANG Xu1,2, WU Mingjiang1,2, SU Laijin1,2(
)
Received:2025-06-23
Online:2026-06-11
Published:2026-06-12
Contact:
SU Laijin
CLC Number:
WANG Jiamin, ZHANG Xu, WU Mingjiang, SU Laijin. Comprehensive evaluation of quality of Brasenia schreberi at different harvesting periods based on principal component analysis[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(6): 1522-1528.
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URL: http://www.zjnykx.cn/EN/10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250445
| 部位 | 采收期 | 水分含量/% | 灰分含量/(g·kg-1) | 蛋白质含量/(g·kg-1) | 粗多糖含量/(g·kg-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 莼菜嫩叶 | 5月 | 98.71±0.16 a | 1.1±0.2 ab | 4.8±0.1 a | 97.1±3.4 b |
| 6月 | 98.35±0.02 bc | 1.0±0 bc | 4.0±0.4 b | 108.9±6.7 a | |
| 7月 | 98.20±0.18 c | 0.8±0 c | 2.7±0.1 c | 94.1±5.2 b | |
| 8月 | 98.20±0.01 c | 0.8±0.1 c | 2.5±0.4 c | 71.2±1.6 c | |
| 9月 | 98.57±0.12 ab | 0.9±0.1 bc | 2.9±0.4 c | 77.7±4.3 c | |
| 10月 | 98.22±0.06 c | 1.3±0 a | 4.0±0.2 b | 97.6±1.6 b | |
| 莼菜老叶 | 5月 | 89.25±0.68 a | 13.9±0.7 b | 33.0±0.5 a | 58.5±0.9 b |
| 6月 | 88.76±0.52 a | 11.7±0.2 c | 20.6±0.3 c | 93.6±1.6 a | |
| 7月 | 88.05±0.98 ab | 11.3±0.6 cd | 19.3±1.0 cd | 41.8±1.6 d | |
| 8月 | 85.27±0.60 c | 10.5±0.1 d | 13.6±0.5 e | 40.2±1.0 d | |
| 9月 | 86.68±0.18 bc | 13.9±0.1 b | 18.5±0.7 d | 52.4±0.9 c | |
| 10月 | 86.68±0.40 bc | 17.0±0.5 a | 24.6±0.3 b | 56.1±1.6 b |
Table 1 Basic composition of young leaves and old leaves of Brasenia schreberi at different harvesting periods
| 部位 | 采收期 | 水分含量/% | 灰分含量/(g·kg-1) | 蛋白质含量/(g·kg-1) | 粗多糖含量/(g·kg-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 莼菜嫩叶 | 5月 | 98.71±0.16 a | 1.1±0.2 ab | 4.8±0.1 a | 97.1±3.4 b |
| 6月 | 98.35±0.02 bc | 1.0±0 bc | 4.0±0.4 b | 108.9±6.7 a | |
| 7月 | 98.20±0.18 c | 0.8±0 c | 2.7±0.1 c | 94.1±5.2 b | |
| 8月 | 98.20±0.01 c | 0.8±0.1 c | 2.5±0.4 c | 71.2±1.6 c | |
| 9月 | 98.57±0.12 ab | 0.9±0.1 bc | 2.9±0.4 c | 77.7±4.3 c | |
| 10月 | 98.22±0.06 c | 1.3±0 a | 4.0±0.2 b | 97.6±1.6 b | |
| 莼菜老叶 | 5月 | 89.25±0.68 a | 13.9±0.7 b | 33.0±0.5 a | 58.5±0.9 b |
| 6月 | 88.76±0.52 a | 11.7±0.2 c | 20.6±0.3 c | 93.6±1.6 a | |
| 7月 | 88.05±0.98 ab | 11.3±0.6 cd | 19.3±1.0 cd | 41.8±1.6 d | |
| 8月 | 85.27±0.60 c | 10.5±0.1 d | 13.6±0.5 e | 40.2±1.0 d | |
| 9月 | 86.68±0.18 bc | 13.9±0.1 b | 18.5±0.7 d | 52.4±0.9 c | |
| 10月 | 86.68±0.40 bc | 17.0±0.5 a | 24.6±0.3 b | 56.1±1.6 b |
| 部位 | 采收期 | 铁 | 钙 | 钠 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 莼菜嫩叶 | 5月 | 5.1±1.7 a | 213.8±40.4 a | 40.3±3.1 c |
| 6月 | 5.0±1.8 a | 43.1±16.1 c | 35.7±11.4 d | |
| 7月 | 0.7±0.2 c | 10.9±3.7 d | 29.9±1.8 e | |
| 8月 | 1.4±0.6 b | 7.7±2.7 e | 29.8±4.2 e | |
| 9月 | 1.4±0.9 b | 55.4±5.3 b | 50.6±21.4 b | |
| 10月 | 5.1±2.4 a | 213.9±74.5 a | 52.1±17.0 a | |
| 莼菜老叶 | 5月 | 30.1±7.0 a | 2 997.5±74.3 a | 206.5±45.8 e |
| 6月 | 29.9±13.6 b | 603.5±40.9 b | 374.6±46.6 c | |
| 7月 | 29.8±11.6 b | 138.4±18.6 d | 583.1±51.2 a | |
| 8月 | 19.4±0.6 c | 73.6±25.3 e | 583.0±33.1 a | |
| 9月 | 14.1±1.3 d | 449.6±45.8 c | 497.6±52.3 b | |
| 10月 | 30.2±1.2 a | 299 7.6±187.2 a | 223.4±83.5 d |
Table 2 Content of main minerals in young leaves and old leaves of Brasenia schreberi at different harvesting periods
| 部位 | 采收期 | 铁 | 钙 | 钠 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 莼菜嫩叶 | 5月 | 5.1±1.7 a | 213.8±40.4 a | 40.3±3.1 c |
| 6月 | 5.0±1.8 a | 43.1±16.1 c | 35.7±11.4 d | |
| 7月 | 0.7±0.2 c | 10.9±3.7 d | 29.9±1.8 e | |
| 8月 | 1.4±0.6 b | 7.7±2.7 e | 29.8±4.2 e | |
| 9月 | 1.4±0.9 b | 55.4±5.3 b | 50.6±21.4 b | |
| 10月 | 5.1±2.4 a | 213.9±74.5 a | 52.1±17.0 a | |
| 莼菜老叶 | 5月 | 30.1±7.0 a | 2 997.5±74.3 a | 206.5±45.8 e |
| 6月 | 29.9±13.6 b | 603.5±40.9 b | 374.6±46.6 c | |
| 7月 | 29.8±11.6 b | 138.4±18.6 d | 583.1±51.2 a | |
| 8月 | 19.4±0.6 c | 73.6±25.3 e | 583.0±33.1 a | |
| 9月 | 14.1±1.3 d | 449.6±45.8 c | 497.6±52.3 b | |
| 10月 | 30.2±1.2 a | 299 7.6±187.2 a | 223.4±83.5 d |
| 评价指标 | 莼菜嫩叶 | 莼菜老叶 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PC1 | PC2 | PC1 | PC2 | |
| 水分含量 | 0.578 | 0.398 | 0.577 | -0.706 |
| 灰分含量 | 0.893 | -0.155 | 0.783 | 0.411 |
| 蛋白质含量 | 0.936 | -0.258 | 0.945 | -0.100 |
| 粗多糖含量 | 0.509 | -0.817 | 0.332 | -0.693 |
| 铁含量 | 0.881 | -0.404 | 0.521 | -0.634 |
| 钙含量 | 0.942 | 0.137 | 0.935 | 0.193 |
| 钠含量 | 0.632 | 0.303 | -0.955 | 0.032 |
| 叶绿素含量 | 0.795 | 0.543 | 0.833 | 0.452 |
| 总类胡萝卜素含量 | 0.803 | 0.536 | 0.543 | 0.829 |
| 碳含量 | -0.896 | 0.290 | -0.819 | 0.288 |
| 特征值 | 6.411 | 1.856 | 5.668 | 2.573 |
| 方差贡献率/% | 64.115 | 18.562 | 56.678 | 25.734 |
| 累计方差贡献率/% | 61.115 | 82.677 | 56.678 | 82.412 |
Table 3 Component matrix,eigenvalues,variance contribution and cumulative variance contribution of the two principal components of young leaves and old leaves of Brasenia schreberi
| 评价指标 | 莼菜嫩叶 | 莼菜老叶 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PC1 | PC2 | PC1 | PC2 | |
| 水分含量 | 0.578 | 0.398 | 0.577 | -0.706 |
| 灰分含量 | 0.893 | -0.155 | 0.783 | 0.411 |
| 蛋白质含量 | 0.936 | -0.258 | 0.945 | -0.100 |
| 粗多糖含量 | 0.509 | -0.817 | 0.332 | -0.693 |
| 铁含量 | 0.881 | -0.404 | 0.521 | -0.634 |
| 钙含量 | 0.942 | 0.137 | 0.935 | 0.193 |
| 钠含量 | 0.632 | 0.303 | -0.955 | 0.032 |
| 叶绿素含量 | 0.795 | 0.543 | 0.833 | 0.452 |
| 总类胡萝卜素含量 | 0.803 | 0.536 | 0.543 | 0.829 |
| 碳含量 | -0.896 | 0.290 | -0.819 | 0.288 |
| 特征值 | 6.411 | 1.856 | 5.668 | 2.573 |
| 方差贡献率/% | 64.115 | 18.562 | 56.678 | 25.734 |
| 累计方差贡献率/% | 61.115 | 82.677 | 56.678 | 82.412 |
| 采收期 | 莼菜嫩叶 | 莼菜老叶 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y1 | Y2 | Y | 排名 | Y3 | Y4 | Y' | 排名 | |
| 5月 | 3.35 | 0.73 | 2.28 | 1 | 3.22 | 0.04 | 1.83 | 1 |
| 6月 | 0.21 | -2.27 | -0.28 | 4 | -0.17 | -2.65 | -0.78 | 4 |
| 7月 | -2.81 | -0.64 | -1.92 | 6 | -1.55 | -1.08 | -1.16 | 5 |
| 8月 | -2.62 | 0.91 | -1.51 | 5 | -3.20 | 1.15 | -1.52 | 6 |
| 9月 | -0.53 | 1.52 | -0.06 | 3 | -0.54 | 1.53 | 0.09 | 3 |
| 10月 | 2.40 | -0.24 | 1.50 | 2 | 2.24 | 1.01 | 1.53 | 2 |
Table 4 Principal component score,comprehensive score and ranking of young leaves and old leaves of Brasenia schreberi at different harvesting periods
| 采收期 | 莼菜嫩叶 | 莼菜老叶 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y1 | Y2 | Y | 排名 | Y3 | Y4 | Y' | 排名 | |
| 5月 | 3.35 | 0.73 | 2.28 | 1 | 3.22 | 0.04 | 1.83 | 1 |
| 6月 | 0.21 | -2.27 | -0.28 | 4 | -0.17 | -2.65 | -0.78 | 4 |
| 7月 | -2.81 | -0.64 | -1.92 | 6 | -1.55 | -1.08 | -1.16 | 5 |
| 8月 | -2.62 | 0.91 | -1.51 | 5 | -3.20 | 1.15 | -1.52 | 6 |
| 9月 | -0.53 | 1.52 | -0.06 | 3 | -0.54 | 1.53 | 0.09 | 3 |
| 10月 | 2.40 | -0.24 | 1.50 | 2 | 2.24 | 1.01 | 1.53 | 2 |
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