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11 June 2026, Volume 67 Issue 6 Previous Issue   

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Effects of integrated water and fertilizer management in protected cultivation on the growth and fruit quality of Myrica rubra WANG Shulu, YU Zheping, LIANG Senmiao, SUN Li, SONG Yang, QI Xingjiang, ZHANG Shuwen 2026, 67 (6):  1333-1336.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250766 Abstract ( 78 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (392KB) ( 60 )   This study compared the effects of three cultivation modes，open-field cultivation，protected cultivation，and integrated water and fertilizer management in protected cultivation on the growth and fruit quality of Myrica rubra. The results showed that the new shoot length of Myrica rubra under both integrated water and fertilizer management in protected cultivation and protected cultivation were significantly（p<0.05）increased than that under open-field cultivation，with the increases of 37.87% and 29.81%，respectively. Integrated water and fertilizer management in protected cultivation contributed to improvements in leaf area，significantly increasing by 6.65% compared with open-field cultivation，while the relative chlorophyll content increased by 5.87%. Under integrated water and fertilizer management in protected cultivation，single fruit weight，fruit hardness，and contents of soluble solids，vitamin C，flavonoids，total amino acids，and total sugar reached 13.57 g，2.78 kg·cm-2，12.87%，1.58 mg·g-1，1.29 mg·g-1，18.39 mg·g-1 and 90.26 mg·g-1，respectively，which were significantly higher than those under open-field cultivation. This study demonstrated that integrated water and fertilizer management in protected cultivation not only promotes the growth of Myrica rubra but also significantly enhances fruit quality，indicating broad application prospects for future protected cultivation of Myrica rubra. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of spring pruning and foliar nutrition on the fruit setting rate and fruit quality of Myrica rubra ZHANG Zhixiong, HUANG Jindao, ZHANG Bo, LIANG Senmiao 2026, 67 (6):  1337-1341.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250829 Abstract ( 41 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (399KB) ( 50 )   To address the issue of low fruit setting rates caused by low temperatures and insufficient sunlight during the flowering period of Myrica rubra Dongkui，this study investigated the effects of pruning period and foliar nutrition on fruit setting rate and fruit quality of Myrica rubra.The results showed that under spring pruning treatment，the fruit setting rate reached 14.44%，which was significantly（p<0.05）higher than the no pruning treatment by 4.87 percentage points. Compared with spraying clear water（CK），foliar spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate+Cuikanghuaguoling （nutrient solution） under spring pruning can significantly increase fruit setting rate by 5.29 percentage points. The single fruit weight and soluble solids content were 24.84 g and 12.14%，respectively，which were significantly increased by 16.13% and 1.20 percentage points than those of CK. The fruit had good nutritional quality in terms of total sugar，total acid，vitamin C，total amino acids，and anthocyanin content. The yield per plant was 82.46 kg，which was 115.41% higher than that of CK. The commercial fruit rate was 78.56%，and the premium fruit rate was 63.91%. The experiment suggests that the pruning period and foliar nutrition are the key factors affecting the fruit setting rate of Myrica rubra. Spring pruning combined with foliar nutrition can improve fruit quality，increase yield，and ensure the continuous bountiful harvest of Myrica rubra Dongkui. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive evaluation of fruit quality of five Morella nana samples from Guizhou XIE Pu, YAN Shuang, WANG Honglin, ZHENG Qianming 2026, 67 (6):  1342-1348.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20260244 Abstract ( 54 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (484KB) ( 50 )   To evaluate fruit characteristics of the Morella nana resources in Guizhou，five fruit samples from the natural state were used as materials，and indicators such as single fruit weight，longitudinal and transverse diameters，fruit shape index，edible rate，color，and contents of soluble solids，total soluble sugar，titratable acid，total phenols，flavonoids，anthocyanins and vitamin C were measured and compared. The results showed that the single fruit weight of Morella nana was 3.30-5.57 g，and the edible rate was 75.05%-77.93%，both of which were significantly（p<0.05）lower than those of control（Huotan and Biqi）；the anthocyanin content of the fruits was only 1.81-18.79 mg?kg-1，which was significantly lower than that of control，and the lightness value（L*）and yellow and blue value（b*）of color were significantly higher than those of control；the soluble solid content was 6.48%-8.52%，and the total soluble sugar content was 1.23%-2.27%，both of which were significantly lower than those of control；the titratable acid content was 4.31%-5.63%，and the the total phenol content was 9.42-11.17 mg?g-1，both of which were significantly higher than those of the control；the flavonoid content was 0.63-0.93 mg?g-1，with only one sample being significantly higher than control. The contents of fructose，glucose and sucrose contents were 0.99-2.42 mg?g-1，1.08-2.24 mg?g-1，and 2.32-5.92 mg?g-1，respectively，all of which were significantly lower than those of control；the contents of citric acid，malic acid and vitamin C contents were 30.68-40.55 mg?g-1，1.96-3.47 mg?g-1，and 0.15-0.24 mg?g-1，respectively，all of which were significantly higher than those of control. Therefore，the main characteristics of Morella nana fruits in the natural state are low sugar，low anthocyanin and high citric acid content. This study preliminarily reveals the fruit quality characteristics of Morella nana and provides a theoretical basis for the later selection of excellent strains and the development of functional foods. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of two potassium⁃solubilizing bacterial strains on fruit quality of Chinese bayberry LEI Kangqi, YANG Han, WU Yuyong, QI Yetong, ZHANG Lin, YAO Ying, ZHOU Huifen 2026, 67 (6):  1349-1354.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20260238 Abstract ( 43 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (539KB) ( 53 )   Elucidating the regulatory effects of potassium-solubilizing bacteria on the fruit quality of Chinese bayberry can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the development of novel functional microbial agents. In this study，using Dongkui Chinese bayberry as the test material，root irrigation experiments were conducted with two potassium-solubilizing bacterial strains（Gottfriedia sp. G1 and Priestia sp. P1）after flowering to investigate their effects on fruit appearance quality，sugar and acid components，and nutritional composition. The results showed that compared with the control，the two strains significantly （p<0.05） increased the soluble solids content of the fruit by 1.58 and 1.17 percent point，respectively，and significantly increased the contents of total soluble sugar，sucrose，and glucose. Meanwhile，the two strains significantly reduced the titratable acidity by 0.37 and 0.24 percentage points，respectively. Strain G1 exhibited a more pronounced effect on reducing citric acid and malic acid，resulting in a 57.6% increase in the sugar-to-acid ratio. In terms of nutritional composition，both strains significantly increased the total flavonoid content in the fruit. Strain G1 significantly increased the free amino acid content，whereas strain P1 significantly decreased it. Furthermore，the two strains had no significant effects on single fruit weight，transverse and longitudinal diameters，firmness，or coloration. In conclusion，Gottfriedia sp. G1 is a promising novel strain with the potential to enhance both the flavor and nutritional quality of Chinese bayberry. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different mulching methods on microclimate and economic traits of Myrica rubra WU Bibo, WANG Rong, XU Qinyi, ZHENG Kebin, WU Jiangxing, QIU Qiangqiang, YE Xiaoming, FAN Shulei 2026, 67 (6):  1355-1359.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250480 Abstract ( 36 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (434KB) ( 52 )   In order to optimize the existing cultivation techniques for Myrica rubra，this study used Biqizhong Myrica rubra as the test material to systematically compare the effects of greenhouse mulching with film，ground mulching with weed-control fabric，reflective film，and geotextile on the micro-environment and economic traits of Myrica rubra. The results showed that greenhouse mulching with film increased air and soil temperature，while reduced air and soil humidity. Ground mulching with geotextile decreased soil temperature and humidity. The highest commercial fruit rate of Myrica rubra was 80.46% under greenhouse mulching with film，followed by ground mulching with geotextile and reflective film，both significantly （p<0.05） higher than 61.72% in open-field cultivation. Compared with open-field cultivation，ground mulching with geotextile significantly improved fruit hardness，soluble solids content，and solid acid ratio. Considering the costs of different mulching methods，geotextile has low cost，solid and durable properties. Ground mulching with geotextile enhanced the commercial fruit rate of Myrica rubra， and its fruit quality was significantly better than other treatments，making it a key technical measure for open-field cultivation of Myrica rubra. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of film partition on yield and fruit quality of mountain bayberry in facility cultivation NI Xiaojun, LIANG Senmiao 2026, 67 (6):  1360-1365.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250872 Abstract ( 33 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (437KB) ( 51 )   Taking the Biqi variety of bayberry in mountainous facilities as the test object，a 0.66 hm2 integral multi-span arched greenhouse was vertically divided by plastic film into three（upper，middle and lower）or two（upper and lower）individual greenhouses，thereby changing the internal microclimate and achieving the goals of increasing yield，improving quality，and enhancing benefits. The results shows that the film partition is conducive to increasing the temperature and relative humidity of individual greenhouses. Specifically，compared with the non-partitioned treatment（CK），the temperature and humidity in the upper individual greenhouse can be raised by 1.2-7.8 ℃ and 0.8-12.4 percentage points，respectively. The maturity period is advanced by 5 to 8 days，and the harvest and supply period is extended by at least 1 to 2 days. Compared with CK，the single fruit weight of the film-partitioned treatment significantly（p<0.05）increased by 14.26%-17.63%，and the soluble solid content significantly increased by 1.26-2.35 percentage points. For the film-partitioned treatments，intrinsic qualities such as total sugar，flavonoids，and vitamin C contents were significantly improved. In the treatment divided into three individual greenhouses，the contents of these three components were 119.38 mg·g-1，0.95 mg·g-1 and 295.37 μg·g-1，respectively，which were 31.17%，26.67% and 27.76% higher than those in CK. Total acid decreased by 21.09%-22.61%. There was no significant difference in average yield between the film-partitioned treatments and CK，while the commercial fruit rate and premium fruit rate were 85.81%-90.25% and 66.55%-72.34%，respectively，which were significantly higher than those of CK by 10.14-14.58 percentage points and 12.86-18.65 percentage points. The output value of the film partition treatments was 777 800-791 900 yuan·hm-2，which was 43.11%-45.70% significantly higher than that of CK. The film partition of facilities for mountain bayberry production is simple，resulting in stable yield，excellent quality，and high benefits，thereby making it suitable for promotion in mountainous areas. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different grass types on soil properties and fruit quality in a mountain Myrica rubra orchard ZHANG Jiajia 2026, 67 (6):  1366-1370.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20260252 Abstract ( 39 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (485KB) ( 54 )   This study focused on a mountain Myrica rubra orchard in Wencheng County，Wenzhou，Zhejiang Province，and established four grass treatments（Vulpia myuros，Lolium perenne L.，Vicia villosa var. glabrescens，Astragalus sinicus L.）along with a clean tillage control treatment to investigate the effects of different grass types on soil properties and fruit quality in a mountain Myrica rubra orchard.The results showed that the soil environment and fruit quality effectively improved with grass cultivation，and there were differences in cultivation effects among different grass types. Grass cultivation could increase soil bulk density，pH value and available nutrients contents，which were better than clean tillage. Among them，Vulpia myuros，Lolium perenne L.，Vicia villosa var. glabrescens could maintain soil bulk density with the suitable range；Vulpia myuros and Vicia villosa var. glabrescens could significantly（p<0.05）improve soil organic matter content；Vicia villosa var. glabrescens exhibited optimal efficacy in enhancing soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content；Lolium perenne L. exhibited optimal efficacy in improving available phosphorus content；Vulpia myuros and Vicia villosa var. glabrescens could significantly increase available potassium content. In terms of fruit quality，grass types had no significant effect on total acid content and fruit shape index compared with the control，but could significantly promote fruit expansion and increase single fruit weight. Vulpia myuros demonstrated optimal efficacy in increasing fruit transverse diameter and single fruit weight；Astragalus sinicus L. could significantly increase fruit longitudinal diameter；Vicia villosa var. glabrescens treatment resulted in the highest soluble solids content，sugar content and solid-acid ratio，and the best flavor. Overall，Vicia villosa var. glabrescens was the superior species by considering the soil conditions，nutrient requirements and production input in a mountain Myrica rubra orchard，which could improve soil nitrogen and potassium supply capacity of soil，increase soil organic matter content and improve fruit quality. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Rhodobacter sphaeroides metabolites on growth and fruit quality of Chinese bayberry ZHANG Jianbin, WU Yuyong, YING Zhengzheng, SUN Li, ZHANG Shuwen, YANG Han, LI Jiasheng, YU Qiaomei 2026, 67 (6):  1371-1377.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20260330 Abstract ( 46 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (516KB) ( 56 )   To investigate the effects of Rhodobacter sphaeroides metabolites on fruit quality of Chinese bayberry，Myrica rubra Dongkui was used as the experimental material. The concentrated metabolites diluted 50-，100-，and 200- fold were applied via root irrigation during the fruit expansion stage，with water treatment as the control. The effects of each treatment on spring shoot growth and fruit quality of Chinese bayberry were compared and analyzed，and the active components in the metabolites were detected using non-targeted metabolomics and hormone quantitative analysis. The results showed that compared with the control，none of the treatments significantly affected spring shoot length，spring shoot diameter，or leaf SPAD value，but they significantly（p<0.05）increased leaf thickness and single fruit weight. Among them，the 50-fold and 200-fold dilution treatments increased single fruit weight by 35.64% and 38.70%，respectively. Regarding fruit quality，all treatments significantly increased soluble solids content，with the 100-fold dilution treatment showing the greatest increase（2.11 percentage points）. The 200-fold dilution treatment significantly increased total sugar content，while the 50-fold dilution treatment significantly reduced titratable acid content，thereby significantly increasing the sugar-acid ratio. In addition，the 100-fold dilution treatment significantly increased total flavonoid content in fruit by 45.83%. Metabolite analysis revealed that the metabolites of Rhodobacter sphaeroides contained γ-aminobutyric acid（0.90 μg·mL-1）and relatively high concentrations of auxins（e.g.，indolepropionic acid at 79.33 ng·mL-1）. In conclusion，the metabolites of Rhodobacter sphaeroides can synergistically improve the flavor and nutritional quality of Chinese bayberry by regulating the sugar-acid metabolic network and promoting the accumulation of functional components. This effect may be related to the synergistic regulation of γ-aminobutyric acid and auxins present in the metabolites. This study provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for the application of microbial metabolites in high-quality cultivation of Chinese bayberry. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Control efficacy of an attractant against Myrica rubra fruit flies SONG Zhendong, GUAN Yun, QIAN Linghan, YING Junjie, ZHANG Songyang, CUI Can, LI Shenlei 2026, 67 (6):  1378-1383.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20260214 Abstract ( 45 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (487KB) ( 53 )   Fruit fly infestations severely constrain the sustainable development of Myrica rubra industry. To identify environmentally friendly control technologies，this study conducted a systematic evaluation of the trapping efficacy of attractants on different phenological stages of Myrica rubra fruit flies and their field control efficacy through a three-year continuous field trial. The results showed that the test attractant exhibited stable trapping activity at all experimental sites. And the overall mean trapping numbers during the initial，peak，and late occurrence stages were 176.2，313.1，and 63.4 individuals per trap，respectively. Fruit infestation rate surveys revealed that the overall mean infestation rate was significantly （p<0.05） lower than that in control plots. The mean control efficacy during the early，peak，and late harvest stages were 89.82%，93.06% and 81.54%，respectively，with an overall mean efficacy of 85.59% across the entire harvest period. Control efficacy exceeded 84.00% at all four sites，with no significant differences among locations，indicating good ecological adaptability of the attractant under diverse geographical and climatic conditions. In conclusion，the tested attractant exhibited excellent trapping activity against Myrica rubra fruit flies and demonstrated stable field control efficacy，making it a viable green control technology for Myrica rubra fruit flies which can be widely adopted in production practices. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Trapping effects of different attractants and traps against fruit flies on Chinese bayberry WANG Siliang, CAI Xinyi, YUAN Liuping, LIN Meimei, SHAN Linwen, YAN Chengjin 2026, 67 (6):  1384-1388.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20260213 Abstract ( 36 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1899KB) ( 52 )   To implement effective green control measures for fruit flies in Chinese bayberry，a study was conducted from May to July 2025 in an open-air Chinese bayberry orchard in Chashan，Ouhai District，Wenzhou City，Zhejiang Province. The field trapping effects of four attractants（homemade sugar-vinegar liquid，HZ，QZ，ZJ）and five types of traps（wide-mouth bottle with black cap，wide-mouth bottle with yellow cap，mineral water bottle-type，egg-type，and cup-type）on fruit flies were compared. The results showed that the primary fruit fly species in the Chashan Chinese bayberry orchard were Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila suzukii. In the comparison of attractants，the total trapping numbers of fruit flies ranked as follows：homemade sugar-vinegar liquid>HZ>ZJ>QZ. The homemade sugar-vinegar liquid achieved the highest total trapping numbers for both D. melanogaster and D. suzukii. In the comparison of traps，the two wide-mouth bottle-type traps captured more fruit flies than the other three types. The trapping effectiveness for D. melanogaster was wide-mouth bottle with black cap>wide-mouth bottle with yellow cap>mineral water bottle-type>egg-type>cup-type. For D. suzukii，the trapping effectiveness was wide-mouth bottle with yellow cap>wide-mouth bottle with black cap>egg-type>mineral water bottle-type>cup-type. In summary，the homemade sugar-vinegar liquid demonstrated excellent trapping performance against fruit flies and was cost-effective，making it a viable effective attractant. The wide-mouth bottle-type traps（with either black or yellow caps）exhibited superior trapping capabilities compared with other types. It was recommended that Chinese bayberry orchards in the Wenzhou region adopt the combination of "homemade sugar-vinegar liquid + wide-mouth bottle-type trap" for green control of fruit flies，with the option to adjust the trap type based on the occurrence patterns of different fruit fly species. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of dealcoholization processes for non‑alcoholic bayberry wine and its development strategies WANG Xianzhong, ZHANG Yang, LIANG Senmiao 2026, 67 (6):  1389-1394.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250841 Abstract ( 39 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (467KB) ( 48 )   Driven by the "Healthy China" strategy and the global trend of non-alcoholic beverages，the non-alcoholic fruit wine market，known for its fruity characteristics and low-guilt appeal，is experiencing rapid growth. This paper focuses on the distinctive bayberry（Myrica rubra）resource of Zhejiang Province to systematically explore the development path for non-alcoholic bayberry wine. It analyzes the market size and consumption trends of non-alcoholic fruit wines both domestically and internationally，highlighting the significant potential for developing products from regional specialty fruits. A key focus is the comparative analysis of three dealcoholization techniques， vacuum distillation，membrane separation，and pervaporation， by examining their principles and，crucially，their impact mechanisms on the final product's flavor profile，nutritional components，and stability. Based on the above analysis，the paper proposes specific strategies for the industrialization of non-alcoholic bayberry wine. These include optimizing process combinations to balance quality and cost，leveraging regional characteristics for stronger brand positioning，expanding consumption scenarios，and enhancing industry-university-research collaboration. The study aims to provide a theoretical and practical reference for the high-value utilization of Zhejiang bayberry and its industrial upgrading，ultimately supporting the transition of non-alcoholic bayberry wine from a regional specialty to a nationally recognized brand. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of the "three adjustments and one unification" technology on yield and fruit quality of high-altitude Myrica rubra PAN Shanxiang, HUANG Jindao, LIANG Senmiao 2026, 67 (6):  1395-1399.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250828 Abstract ( 42 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (470KB) ( 54 )   Taking high-altitude Myrica rubra as the research subject，this study explored the effects of cultivation techniques，adjusting branch pruning timing，adjusting clean-up periods，adjusting top-dressing schedules，and unifying fertilization standards（collectively referred to as "three adjustments and one unification"），on the yield and fruit quality of high-altitude Myrica rubra. The results indicated that the "three adjustments and one unification" technology promoted excellent growth of inflorescences，flowers，and leaves during the flowering season of high-altitude Myrica rubra，while protecting branches and trunks from frost damage. Compared with traditional cultivation technology，adjusting "autumn and winter pruning" to "spring pruning in the following year" can significantly（p<0.05）increase the single fruit weight of Myrica rubra by 40.51% to 62.03%，significantly increase the soluble solid content by 2.95 to 4.45 percentage points，significantly increase yield by 222.54% to 319.72%，and significantly increase output value by 296.71% to 439.64%. The cultivation technology of "pruning at the beginning of spring + cleaning the garden at the end of autumn + top-dressing during the Qingming festival" had a significant effect on improving the contents such as total sugar，flavonoids，total phenols and vitamin C of high-altitude Myrica rubra fruits. Therefore，by adopting the "three adjustments and one unification" technology，it is basically possible to ensure a bountiful harvest of high-altitude Myrica rubra. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Digital drive for high-quality Chinese bayberry industry in Lanxi：practice of the "Mei"-Hao Lanxi platform ZHANG Qi, WANG Rong, TANG Xujun, JIANG Yueyin 2026, 67 (6):  1400-1406.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20260105 Abstract ( 38 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (554KB) ( 50 )   The deep integration of digital technology and the agricultural industry serves as the core driving force for the high-quality development of specialty agriculture. As a geographical indication agricultural product in Lanxi City，Chinese bayberry covers a planting area of nearly 4 666.7 hm2，with an annual output exceeding 4.4×104 t and a comprehensive output value reaching 2 billion yuan. It has become a crucial pillar of the local agricultural economy. However，practical bottlenecks such as weak infrastructure，an aging workforce，and an imperfect quality control system severely restrict the green and high-quality upgrading of the Chinese bayberry industry. To address these challenges，Lanxi has set the goal of becoming “the top county of premium Chinese bayberry nationwide” and adopted digital transformation as the core strategy. Specifically，the city has developed the targeted "Mei"-Hao Lanxi characteristic application and established a tri-integrated system promoting “facility-based cultivation，mechanized production，and digitalized management”. This initiative has formed a tailored solution for empowering the transformation of specialty agricultural product industries through digital means. Taking this application as the research subject，this paper systematically reviewed its development background，core practical approaches，and phased implementation outcomes. It further analyzed existing issues in the current application promotion and proposes optimization strategies，aiming to provide practical experience and theoretical reference for the digital transformation and high-quality development of similar specialty agricultural industries. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on protected cultivation of Chinese bayberry WANG Cong, GUO Rui, PAN Xingjia, SU Xintong, ZHU Longjing 2026, 67 (6):  1407-1418.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250985 Abstract ( 34 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (570KB) ( 54 )   The Chinese bayberry industry is critically constrained by a harvest peak which coincides with the plum-rain season，resulting in severe pre-harvest losses（fruit cracking，drop and decay），fruit-fly infestation and high post-harvest wastage. Protected cultivation has emerged as a strategy to mitigate these issues through environmental control. This review systematically synthesized recent advances in Chinese bayberry protected cultivation，detailing the technical features and field performance of four main cultivation models：insect-proof netting，rain-shelter，forcing，and delaying cultivation. The dynamics of temperature，humidity，and light inside facilities were systematically examined. Their regulatory mechanisms on tree photosynthesis，growth，development，fruit quality and yield were elucidated. Current challenges，including high implementation costs，suboptimal management efficiency，and significant energy consumption，were discussed. Future research directions were proposed，such as deciphering plant-environment interactions，developing cost-effective and intelligent equipment，establishing precision predictive models，and breeding adapted cultivars. This review aims to provide a scientific basis for enhancing the productivity and sustainability of the Chinese bayberry industry. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Breeding and yield factor analysis of the new wheat variety Hemai 45 REN Zichao, WANG Chong, DONG Rusheng, GAO Chunyan, LI Yuhao, LIN Kun, GUO Fengzhi, WANG Yingdang, LI Sitong, TIAN Shunshun, GUO Lingyun, YUAN Yang 2026, 67 (6):  1419-1426.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20260141 Abstract ( 37 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1143KB) ( 51 )   Heze Academy of Agricultural Sciences conducted sexual hybridization with high yield and lodging resistance variety Luyuan 502 as female parent and disease resistance and cold resistance variety Shannong 22 as male parent. Following the pedigree method，after years of directional breeding，focusing on the yield traits，the excellent population materials of lodging resistance，disease resistance and cold resistance were screened. Finally，a new wheat variety Hemai 45 was bred. The variety was approved by Shandong Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2025（Lushenmai 20250007）. This study systematically elucidated the breeding process，genetic background of parents，and stress-resistant and disease-resistant characteristics of Hemai 45，and formulated corresponding cultivation technical standards. By simultaneously applying the addition main effects and multiplication interaction （AMMI） model and the genotype main effect and genotype by environment interaction （GGE） biplot，the yield and related trait performance of this variety in the wheat variety demonstration trial in Heze City from 2023 to 2025 were analyzed，aiming to provide theoretical basis and technical reference for the promotion and application of Hemai 45 and the breeding of new high-yield and multi-resistant wheat varieties. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of selenium fertilization at booting stage on yield and quality of japonica rice LUO Lei, ZHANG Jinrui, LIU Zeliang, WANG Fei, JIANG Zihang, ZHAO Chunfang, CHEN Xinhong 2026, 67 (6):  1427-1433.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250116 Abstract ( 46 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (897KB) ( 53 )   This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different doses of selenium fertilizer applied at booting stage on the yield and rice quality of japonica rice varieties Nanjing 9108 and Wankennuo 2. The results showed that selenium fertilizer sprayed at booting stage could significantly （p<0.05） increase the content of selenium in rice，and had positive effects on the yield and quality of rice.Compared with the control，the yield of these two rice varieties increased after spraying 30 and 60 mL·hm-2 of selenium fertilizer，and the yield of Nanjing 9108 and Wankennuo 2 increased by 2.25% and 4.09%，respectively， after spraying 60 mL·hm-2 of selenium fertilizer. In addition，the application of selenium fertilizer could effectively improve the grain filling rate，SPAD value of flag leaf，taste value and head rice rate，and reduce chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree，and improve the processing quality and appearance quality of rice. The results provided theoretical basis for rational utilization of selenium fertilizer and improvement of selenium nutrition level of rice. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison and evaluation of introduced rice varieties in Huzhou City YAO Songquan, QIU Fen 2026, 67 (6):  1434-1437.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250865 Abstract ( 39 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (339KB) ( 54 )   To accelerate the promotion and application of new high-yield and high-quality rice varieties，this study conducted a comprehensive evaluation of agronomic traits and field performance of 10 tested rice varieties in Huzhou City. The results demonstrated that among the tested indica-japonica three-line hybrid rice varieties，Jiayou Zhongke 20-12 exhibited a shorter maturity period and higher average daily yield，making it suitable for intercropping with other crops. Among japonica-type three-line hybrid rice varieties，Changyoujing 10 demonstrated moderate growth period，high yield，and excellent stress resistance. In conventional japonica-type rice varieties，Jiayou 93 showed moderate maturity period，high yield，and good stress resistance. The results provide reference for large-scale demonstration and promotion of high-yield hybrid rice varieties in Huzhou City. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of side-deep application of urea on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of double-season rice YANG Haiqin, YE Tingyun, HU Zefan, MA Liya, CHEN Zhaoming 2026, 67 (6):  1438-1442.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250318 Abstract ( 33 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (435KB) ( 50 )   A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of urea side-deep application on the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of double-season rice，and to provide a theoretical basis for efficient nitrogen fertilizer utilization in double-season rice production in southern Zhejiang Province. Four treatments were established：1）no nitrogen fertilizer（CK）；2）conventional fertilization（CF）；3）urea side-deep application（UD1）；4）urea side-deep application with 10% nitrogen reduction（UD2）. The results showed that compared with the CK treatment，nitrogen fertilization significantly （p<0.05）increased the yield of early-season rice and late-season rice by 31.7%-41.6% and 42.9%-47.9%，respectively. Compared with the CF treatment，urea side-deep application significantly increased the yield of early-season rice，while no significant difference in double-season rice yield was observed between the UD1 and UD2 treatments. Under urea side-deep application treatments，both grain nitrogen uptake and total nitrogen uptake of early-season and late-season rice were significantly higher than those under the CF treatment. Compared with the CF treatment，urea side-deep application significantly increased the apparent nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen contribution rate of early-season rice，as well as the apparent nitrogen use efficiency of late-season rice. In addition，the UD2 treatment significantly increased the agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer for early-season rice，and the partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer for late-season rice. Therefore，the adoption of urea side-deep fertilization technology in double-season rice production in southern Zhejiang Province can achieve the goals of high and stable rice yield and efficient nitrogen fertilizer utilization. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of fertilization and transplanting methods on the growth and yield quality of cigar tobacco WANG Qiuli, WANG Qingjiang, XU Yongbo 2026, 67 (6):  1443-1453.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250221 Abstract ( 39 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1775KB) ( 47 )   In order to investigate the effects of different fertilization and transplanting methods on the growth and yield quality of cigar tobacco，and to find out the best cultivation method suitable for Suijiang County to improve the quality of tobacco leaves， tobacco variety Yunxue 39 was used as the test material，and a split-area design two-factor experiment was adopted，with a total of four treatments. Among them，A1 and A2 corresponded to the fertilizer application methods of circle application of basic fertilizer and strip application of basic fertilizer，respectively，and B1 and B2 corresponded to the transplanting methods of open furrow transplanting on flat ground and conventional ridge transplanting，respectively. The field growth，economic traits，chemical composition and other indicators were analyzed. The results showed that the growth periods of the different treatments were approximately the same. Treatment A1B2 had the best performance in agronomic and physical properties of tobacco leaves；treatment A2B1 had the highest yield，production value，and the content and ratio of conventional chemical components of dried tobacco leaves were the most harmonized，with a higher content of polyphenolic compounds. And compared with before transplantation，the soil organic matter，available potassium，hydrolyzable nitrogen，total potassium，total phosphorus，and available phosphorus contents in A2B1 treatment all showed significant （p<0.05） increases，with the largest amplitude observed. A1B1 treatment had the highest total amount of volatile aroma substances， while A1B2 was the lowest，and A1B2 had the greatest difference between the aroma components and the other three groups of treatments. Generally，the strip application of basal fertilizer and transplanting in open furrows on the flat ground were the best treatments under the experiment conditions. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of agronomic traits and metabolite differences among different cigar tobacco varieties JIANG Chun, LYU Xun, NING Yang, LIU Guoxiang, LI Xueshan, WANG Xueying, ZHU Qifa, ZHOU Huina, WANG Jun, ZHANG Xingwei 2026, 67 (6):  1454-1461.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250035 Abstract ( 32 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1536KB) ( 48 )   Currently，tobacco variety breeding primarily focuses on macro-level aspects such as agronomic traits，whereas the flavor characteristics of cigar tobacco leaves depend on the accumulation levels of metabolites during the early growth stage and their subsequent transformation during post-harvest processing. Therefore，breeding cigar tobacco varieties with abundant metabolite accumulation and superior agronomic traits is of paramount importance. This study employed derivatized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） and headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-SPME-GC-MS）techniques to analyze major agronomic traits and detect volatile and aroma-contributing metabolites in nine cigar tobacco varieties cultivated in Xuancheng，Anhui Province. Differential metabolites were identified for subsequent metabolic pathway analysis. The results demonstrated that T11 exhibited the best agronomic traits. Metabolic profiling revealed that 63.0% of differential metabolites were upregulated in T11，with these upregulated metabolites correlating positively with tobacco aroma，flavor profile，and smoking quality. In summary，T11 not only demonstrates outstanding agronomic characteristics but also possesses a richer repertoire of beneficial metabolites，indicating its potential for developing high-yield and premium-quality cigar tobacco varieties. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on cultivation techniques for one⁃time harvest of upper leaves of tobacco variety NX212 planted in purple soil SHEN Si, ZHAO Weicai, SUN Huiju, DOU Yuqing, WANG Jun, WANG Xuebo, XIE Xiaobin, ZONG Zhaohui 2026, 67 (6):  1462-1468.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250156 Abstract ( 48 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (446KB) ( 47 )   To explore the optimal cultivation measures for one-time harvest of upper leaves of tobacco variety NX212，this study conducted a three-factor three-level orthogonal experiment on leaf retention number，nitrogen application rate，and planting density in purple soil in Nanxiong City，Guangdong Province. The results demonstrated that planting density had the biggest impact on agronomic traits and appearance quality. The planting density of 1 000 plants per 667 m2 achieved optimal agronomic traits and appearance quality of tobacco leaves. Nitrogen application rate showed the strongest influence on chemical composition，with nicotine content，potassium content，and nitrogen-to-nicotine ratio reaching peak values at a nitrogen application rate of 180 kg·hm-2. Leaf retention number had the biggest impact on sensory quality. With an increase in leaf retention number，the scores for tobacco aroma，aftertaste，off-flavors，irritancy，and overall sensory quality evaluation exhibited a trend of initial decline followed by improvement. The optimal sensory quality was achieved when the leaf retention number reached 19. In summary，the three factors influencing the comprehensive quality of tobacco leaves followed this order of importance：nitrogen application rate> leaf retention number> planting density. Furthermore，based on range analysis，the optimal cultivation measures for one-time harvest of upper leaves of tobacco variety NX212 grown in purple soil in Nanxiong，Shaoguan include：planting 1 000 plants per 667 m2，applying 180 kg·hm-2 of nitrogen，and retaining 19 leaves per plant. This study provides crucial support for developing integrated cultivation strategies for one-time harvest in Guangdong's flue-cured tobacco production areas. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of nitrogen application rate and planting density on seed oil yield and fatty acid composition of flue⁃cured tobacco Dashubazhiba SONG Biqing, YANG Xiaodong, LI Sujuan, CHEN Yunsong, QIAO Yu, LUO Xiu, SONG Wei 2026, 67 (6):  1469-1473.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20231086 Abstract ( 28 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (375KB) ( 46 )   This study aimed to investigate the effects of nitrogen application rate and planting density on seed oil yield and fatty acid composition of flue-cured tobacco Dashubazhiba，providing cultivation technical references for reducing the cost of its seed oil. A split-plot design was adopted，and the agronomic traits，seed yield traits，seed oil yield，and fatty acid composition of the seeds were compared under three nitrogen application rates（90.0，135.0，180.0 kg·hm-2）and three planting densities（18 180，22 230，27 780 plants per hectare）. The results showed that the agronomic traits of Dashubazhiba were affected by nitrogen application rate，while seed yield and seed oil yield increased with increasing nitrogen application rate and planting density. The fatty acid composition of seed oil remained consistent across different treatments，but their contents showed slight variations. To obtain high-yield and high-quality seed oil of Dashubazhiba，the optimal nitrogen application rate was 180.0 kg·hm-2 and planting density was 27 780 plants per hectare. Under these conditions，seed yield reached 2 325.15 kg·hm-2，seed oil yield reached 962.60 kg·hm-2，and the contents of total fatty acids，monounsaturated fatty acids，polyunsaturated fatty acids，linoleic acid，and oleic acid were all at relatively high levels. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Quality analysis of Qinggan tea from different tea cultivars ZHOU Xiaoyan, GUO Qinwei, XU Lushan, WANG Jiajun 2026, 67 (6):  1474-1479.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20260285 Abstract ( 33 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (518KB) ( 48 )   To explore the influence of different tea cultivars on the flavor quality of Qinggan tea，Qinggan tea was prepared from four main tea cultivars，Jiukeng，Longjing 43，Fudingdabai and Wuniuzao in Quzhou area，and the quality differences were compared based on sensory and biochemical analysis. The results showed that the Jiukeng cultivar had the best overall quality，with a sensory score of 92.2 points，a harmonious and long-lasting aroma，and a mellow and sweet taste. This variety has the highest content of water extract（35.64%）and free amino acids（4.05%），moderate ester/non-ester catechins，and a suitable polyphenol-to-amino acid ratio，which lays the material foundation for its excellent quality. It has revealed that tea tree cultivars play a key role in the formation of the flavor quality of Qinggan tea，providing a theoretical basis for the selection of high-quality raw materials for Qinggan tea. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Technical regulations for tobacco-wheat relay intercropping in central Henan and its demonstration effects LIU Qiaozhen, ZHANG Rui, WANG Mengmeng, GUO Fangyang, FAN Yikuan, SONG Ruifang, WU Zhaohui, LI Jianhua 2026, 67 (6):  1480-1484.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250910 Abstract ( 27 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (452KB) ( 46 )   Irregular tobacco-wheat intercropping adversely affects tobacco growth and leaf quality. To promote the coordinated development of integrated grain and tobacco production and further improve tobacco quality，a technical regulation for tobacco-wheat relay intercropping in central Henan Province has been developed based on scientific research projects. This regulation emphasizes tobacco as the primary crop，aims to enhance leaf quality，and specifies key aspects including spatio-temporal crop arrangement，variety selection，and corresponding cultivation techniques for tobacco. Demonstration results from seven sites in major tobacco-growing counties of central Henan Province showed that this regulation improves tobacco growth，reduces the incidence of major diseases，and enhances yield stability. The appearance quality，chemical composition，and sensory quality of the tobacco leaves were generally comparable to or approached those of monocropped tobacco，and were significantly better than those under traditional local intercropping practices. Compared with monocropped tobacco，the comprehensive output value increased by 1 106.7 yuan per 667 m2，with a net income increase of 709.4 yuan per 667 m2. Compared with traditional local intercropping，the comprehensive output value increased by 409.4 yuan per 667 m2，with a net income increase of 447.9 yuan per 667 m2. The application of this technical regulation serves as a demonstration model for promoting tobacco quality improvement in tobacco-wheat intercropping systems within integrated grain and tobacco production. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Annual dry matter accumulation，nutrient uptake and distribution patterns in sorghum-rapeseed rotation system NING Qiang, ZHAO Jingkun, WANG Shuai, LI Zhiqi, CAI Guoxue, LI Siguang, SHANG Cheng, PENG Qing, DU Chuan, WANG Yang, SHI Xiaojun, WANG Jie 2026, 67 (6):  1485-1493.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20231149 Abstract ( 36 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1097KB) ( 47 )   To clarify the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and the patterns of nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassium uptake and distribution in a sorghum-rapeseed rotation system，and to provide a theoretical basis for precision fertilization，a field positioning experiment was conducted from September 2020 to August 2022. Whole-plant sampling was performed at key growth stages of sorghum and rapeseed to determine dry matter accumulation and nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassium contents in different organs. The results showed that dry matter accumulation in both sorghum and rapeseed followed a "slow then fast" pattern. At maturity of sorghum，dry matter accumulation ranked as grain > stem and leaf > root；at maturity of rapeseed，dry matter accumulation ranked as stem and leaf > grain > pod shell > root. Nutrient uptake exhibited significant stage specificity：for sorghum，the critical period for phosphorus and potassium uptake was 39-64 d（accounting for 67.0% and 57.7% of demand，respectively），and the core period for nitrogen uptake was 65-100 d（accounting for 54.2% of demand）；for rapeseed，the demand for phosphorus and potassium both exceeded 30% during 119-148 d，and nitrogen demand reached 49.7% during the mature stage（168-217 d）. In the sorghum-rapeseed rotation system，the nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassium required for grain production were 35，11，and 46 g·kg-1 in average，respectively，among which sorghum grain accounted for 24，7，and 31 g·kg-1，and rapeseed grain accounted for 45，15，and 60 g·kg-1. This study clarifies the nutrient demand characteristics at each growth stage of the sorghum-rapeseed rotation system，providing data support for scientific fertilization in this system. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of five plant growth regulators on the flowering period and yield of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Hangbaiju CHEN Jie, JIANG Qifan, YANG Hailong, LANG Shuping, CAO Kuirong 2026, 67 (6):  1494-1498.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250596 Abstract ( 33 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (376KB) ( 52 )   This study utilized the Zaoxiaoyangju（Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Hangbaiju）from Tongxiang area as the experimental material to investigate the regulatory effects of five plant growth regulators，namely 6-benzylaminopurine（6-BA），kinetin（KT），paclobutrazol（PP333），chlorocholine chloride（CCC），and naphthaleneacetic acid（NAA），on its flowering period and yield. The results showed that application of 10 mg·L-1 KT advanced the flowering period by 6 days and increased the yield by 23.00%；30 mg·L-1 PP333 advanced the flowering period by 6 days and increased the yield by 21.60%；5 mg·L-1 NAA advanced the flowering period by 2 days and increased the yield by 24.88%，which was the highest increase among all treatments. The regulatory schemes screened in this study can extend the harvesting period through staggered harvesting，alleviate labor pressure，and provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development of the Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Hangbaiju industry. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cutting effect and key influencing factors of different fig varieties ZHU Xingyu, MA Quanhui, WANG Zhenlei, YANG Bochao, TIAN Wei, YAN Fenfen 2026, 67 (6):  1499-1506.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250380 Abstract ( 29 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (525KB) ( 51 )   A complete randomized block design was used to carry out a comparative experiment of hard branch cuttings in 17 introduced fig varieties. At the same time，the effects of cutting length and diameter，indole butyric acid（IBA）mass concentration and temperature on the rooting of hard branch cuttings were carried out. The result showed that there were significant（p<0.05）differences in the rooting rate of hard branch cuttings among the 17 fig cultivars，among which 187，Zaohuang，Anzi and Bojihong had the best rooting rate，with rooting rates ranging from 81.0% to 84.3%. Meanwhile，the length and diameter of cuttings significantly influenced the survival rate of Bojihong cuttings. Cuttings with a length of 10-13 cm exhibited the highest rooting rate of 54.5%，while those with a diameter of >1.5-2.0 cm showed the highest rooting rate of 72.4%. Additionally，fig plants treated with 200 mg·L-1 IBA exhibited the highest rooting rate，reaching 80.0%. The cutting effect of Bojihong showed significant differences under varying temperatures，with the rooting rate of 84.9% at 25 °C. In summary，during practical cutting propagation，the cutting effect can be improved by selecting suitable varieties，optimizing cutting specifications，applying appropriate mass concentrations of auxin treatments，and controlling temperature. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of tree shape on the growth and fruit quality of Citrus Beni Madonna ZHANG Bo, HUANG Jindao, ZHANG Zhixiong, LIANG Senmiao 2026, 67 (6):  1507-1510.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250844 Abstract ( 28 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (415KB) ( 49 )   This study compared the effects of different tree shapes on crown size，fruiting characteristics，fruit quality，yield，and commercial fruit rate of Citrus Beni Madonna. Results showed that the one trunk and multiple branches wavy shape achieved tree height comparable to the round-headed shape，which was significantly （p<0.05）higher than that of the open-heart shape by 81.88%. Fruits from one trunk and multiple branches wavy shape exhibited bright coloration similar to open-heart shape. Its single fruit weight was 278.23 g and soluble solids content was 14.12%，which were significantly higher than those in the other groups， and the contents of total sugar，glucose，fructose，citric acid，and malic acid were the highest， which were 110.24，12.64，32.69，7.82，and 1.64 mg·g-1， respectively，while the total acidity was the lowest， which was 7.13 mg·g-1. The yield per plant，commercial fruit rate and premium fruit rate under this shape showed the highest improvements compared with the other groups，with increases of 43.58%-53.17%，32.22-45.10 percentage points，and 41.56-56.07 percentage points， respectively. Overall，the three tree shapes demonstrated hierarchical effectiveness， as one trunk and multiple branches wavy> open-heart> round-headed. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different base fertilizers on the soil physicochemical properties and fruit quality of vineyard WU Hao, LI Junbing, XU Jigen, ZHANG Shunchang, SHEN Xuancai, LUO Xuhui, HE Fengjie, CHENG Jianhui 2026, 67 (6):  1511-1517.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250883 Abstract ( 36 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (482KB) ( 61 )   This study investigated the effects of four base fertilizers with different component sources ［Livicock composite microbial fertilizer，Yangfengdou bio-organic fertilizer，Bacon Baby substrate，and fermented farmyard manure（pig manure）］ on the physicochemical properties of soil，grape growth，fruit quality，and yield in a Kyoho vineyard. The results showed that Livicock composite microbial fertilizer demonstrated the most favourable outcomes in enhancing soil mineral nutrition，promoting grape growth，and increasing yield. Bacon Baby substrate exhibited the most advantageous effects in improving soil physicochemical properties，stimulating root development，and reducing fruit cracking. For vineyard with different cultivation objectives，this study proposed differentiated fertilization strategies：for vineyard prioritising yield enhancement，Livicock composite microbial fertilizer was recommended；for vineyard aiming to improve soil structure，Bacon Baby substrate was advised. This research aims to optimize nutrient supply and soil environment through targeted fertilization management，providing an effective technical pathway for achieving specific production goals. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application effect of compound microbial agents and multi-microbial fertilizer in green strawberry production SHAO Jie, LU Yijun 2026, 67 (6):  1518-1521.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20260085 Abstract ( 42 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (377KB) ( 52 )   To investigate the application effects of compound microbial agents ［compound Bacillus agent and compound effective microorganisms（EM）agent］ and Nongpengyou multi-microbial fertilizer（Nongpengyou fertilizer）in the green production of strawberry，and to clarify their comprehensive regulatory effects on strawberry growth，yield and quality，soil improvement，and disease control， through plot comparison tests and disease control measurements，the effects of the above-mentioned microbial preparations on strawberry growth period，yield，quality，soil physicochemical properties，and Verticillium wilt control were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that both the compound Bacillus agent and the EM agent promoted early maturation of strawberry；the Nongpengyou fertilizer improved soil nutrient status and reduced soil salt content；both the compound Bacillus agent and the Nongpengyou fertilizer reduced the incidence of Verticillium wilt，with a control efficacy exceeding 80%. This study provides technical support and practical basis for the green，efficient，and sustainable production of strawberry. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive evaluation of quality of Brasenia schreberi at different harvesting periods based on principal component analysis WANG Jiamin, ZHANG Xu, WU Mingjiang, SU Laijin 2026, 67 (6):  1522-1528.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250445 Abstract ( 27 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (528KB) ( 50 )   This study investigated the effects of different harvesting periods on the content of major components of Brasenia schreberi，employed principal component analysis to comprehensively evaluate its optimal quality period，providing a scientific basis for the processing，utilization，and sustainable development of Brasenia schreberi. The results showed that the water content of young leaves and old leaves of Brasenia schreberi was the highest，and the content in May was the highest，reaching 98.71% and 89.25%，respectively. The content of crude polysaccharide of young leaves and old leaves in June was the highest，reaching 108.9 and 93.6 g·kg-1，respectively. The protein content of young leaves and old leaves in May was the highest，which was 4.8 and 33.0 g·kg-1，respectively. The ash content of young leaves and old leaves in October was the highest，which was 1.3 and 17.0 g·kg-1，respectively. Among the three main minerals，calcium content was the highest. The calcium content of young leaves and old leaves in October was the highest，which was 213.9 and 2 997.6 mg·kg-1，respectively. The changes of chlorophyll and total carotenoid contents were similar. The chlorophyll and total carotenoid contents of young leaves in May were the highest，reaching 0.24 and 0.05 mg·g-1，respectively，and those of old leaves were 1.56 and 0.38 mg·g-1，respectively. The carbon content increased continuously from May to July，and reached the peak in July. The carbon content of young leaves and old leaves in July was 28.66% and 38.72%，respectively. The results of principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive quality of young leaves and old leaves in May was the best. During this period，Brasenia schreberi had sufficient water，rich protein and mineral content，and high freshness. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive evaluation of ornamental effect in autumn and winter on 90 varieties of Camellia sasanqua in Hangzhou QI Ming, GUO Weizhen, CHEN Jiesheng, JING Jiang, ZHANG Danfeng 2026, 67 (6):  1529-1534.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250713 Abstract ( 30 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (415KB) ( 52 )   This study used 90 Camellia sasanqua varieties（38 from the common Camellia sasanqua group，40 from the winter Camellia sasanqua group，and 12 from the spring Camellia sasanqua group）cultivated in the Hangzhou resource nursery as test materials. The 16 biological traits of these 90 Camellia sasanqua varieties were continuously observed. Using the analytic hierarchy process（AHP），a comprehensive evaluation model for the ornamental effects of Camellia sasanqua was established from three dimensions：resistance，ornamental traits，and plant traits，to screen out new varieties of Camellia sasanqua with superior ornamental effects in autumn and winter in Hangzhou. The evaluation results indicated that 90 Camellia sasanqua varieties were divided into 4 levels，14 varieties in level Ⅰ，42 varieties in level Ⅱ，24 varieties in level Ⅲ，and only 10 varieties in level Ⅳ. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of plant immune elicitors in the green prevention and control of strawberries ZHOU Jinghan 2026, 67 (6):  1535-1538.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250122 Abstract ( 32 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (387KB) ( 49 )   This research was carried out to ensure the quality and safety of strawberry，explore new ways of green prevention and control in strawberry cultivation，improve the yield and quality of strawberry，and promote the efficient and healthy development of the strawberry industry. In this experiment， strawberry variety Yuexiu were used as the test materials，and two plant immune elicitors，Shouchengwang and Ainuosen，were introduced. By comparing the application of plant immune elicitors with that of conventional fertilizers，the growth indicators，fruit characteristics of strawberries，as well as their different impacts on strawberry disease resistance，were analyzed. The experimental results showed that，compared with conventional fertilization，the two plant immune elicitors could，to a certain extent，promote growth，improve taste and increase yield. Their performance in strawberry pest and disease resistance was similar to that of conventional fertilization. When the two plant immune elicitors were compared，Shouchengwang was more effective in increasing yield，while Ainuosen was more effective in improving taste. This proves that the introduction of plant immune elicitors in the strawberry cultivation process，combined with the reduction of conventional fertilizers and the adoption of green prevention and control technologies，that is，the production mode of "fertilizer reduction + plant immune elicitor + green prevention and control technologies（traps，color plates，predatory mites，etc.）" can，to a certain extent，achieve the effects of fertilizer reduction，environmental friendliness，yield increase and quality improvement，as well as green safety. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Weed control efficacy of different herbicides in barley fields and their impact on barley yield PAN Liqing, GU Guowei, LU Liming, XIE Chongcong, YE Lingzhen 2026, 67 (6):  1539-1542.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250966 Abstract ( 33 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (388KB) ( 51 )   In this experiment，herbicides including 36% diuron diflufenican suspension concentrate（Fengqu），50% isoproturon suspension concentrate（Sumailong），3.6% mesosulfuron-methyl & iodosulfuron-methyl sodium water-dispersible granule（Kuoshima），and 55% diflufenican & isoproturon suspension concentrate （Jichu）were selected for weed control in barley fields to evaluate their efficacy and safety. The results showed that Jichu exhibited the best control effect against the weeds of Gramineae，with plant control efficacy and fresh weight control efficacy reaching 67.9% and 75.5%，respectively. Moreover，it was safe for barley and increased yield by 8.9%. Although the mixed treatment of Fengqu and Sumailong as well as the Kuoshima treatment showed good weed control efficacy，both caused phytotoxicity and resulted in yield reduction. The mixed treatment of pinoxaden and carfentrazone-ethyl and the single application of isoproturon showed poor control efficacy. This study provides a basis for selecting appropriate herbicides for scientific weed control in barley fields in the Jiangsu-Zhejiang region. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Process optimization for quality improvement of black tea from machine-harvested leaves BAI Peixian, SHI Daliang, AO Cun, ZHAO Yun, CUI Hongchun 2026, 67 (6):  1543-1550.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250911 Abstract ( 30 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (516KB) ( 53 )   The high maturity and poor uniformity of machine-harvested tea leaves pose considerable challenges to the production of high-quality black tea，making process optimization crucial. In this study，13 tea samples were prepared from machine-harvested fresh leaves by using different processing parameters，including withering method，rolling duration，fermentation conditions，drying method，and fine cutting treatment. The sensory quality and key biochemical components were systematically evaluated. The results show that fine cutting treatment improves sensory scores and promotes the dissolution of soluble components. Shaking withering improves aroma quality，rolling for 1.5 h gives the best comprehensive quality，and fermentation at 30 ℃ for 3 h produces the optimal sensory quality. Charcoal baking outperforms hot-air drying and electric drying in all evaluated indices. An optimized processing system centered on shaking withering，rolling for 1.5 h，fine cutting treatment，and fermentation at 30 ℃ for 3 h is established. Considering both quality and cost factors，hot-air drying is recommended for continuous production in practical application，as it can achieve near-optimal comprehensive quality at a lower cost. This study provides a reliable technical basis for improving the quality of black tea from machine-harvested leaves. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of feeding with Pomacea canaliculata on growth performance and carcass quality of Shaoxing ducks ZHANG Kun, YUAN Lu, ZHENG Fangyu, LI Jiayu, LIU Lu, GAN Lingfeng, SHAO Tingting, DING Linling, CHEN Yunlei, ZHONG Qunbin, ZHANG Lei 2026, 67 (6):  1551-1555.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250776 Abstract ( 33 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (425KB) ( 52 )   The experiment aims to investigate the effects of Pomacea canaliculata on growth performance，carcass quality，and meat quality of Shaoxing ducks. 240 5-week-old Shaoxing ducks were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups，with 4 replicates in each group. The control group was fed with a corn-soybean meal basic diet，while the experimental group contained 3% chilled Pomacea canaliculata（crushed with shell，calculated as air-dried matter）. The energy and protein content of the two diets were the same. The results showed that compared with the control group，the final weight and total weight gain of Shaoxing ducks in the experimental group were significantly（p<0.05）increased by 4.4% and 11.3%，respectively，and the feed-to-weight ratio was significantly reduced by 10.0%. Compared with the control，the apparent digestibility of crude protein，crude fiber and calcium in the experimental group was increased by 3.64，4.17，and 2.57 percentage points，respectively. The eviscerated yield rate，leg muscle rate，chest muscle rate and abdominal fat rate of Shaoxing ducks in the experimental group were significantly increased by 2.8，0.4，1.1，and 0.8 percentage points，respectively. Meanwhile，the muscle redness value a* and lightness value L* were significantly higher than those in the control group. The experiment results showed that the addition of chilled Pomacea canaliculata to the feed could significantly improve the growth performance，feed absorption and utilization rate，carcass quality and meat color of Shaoxing ducks. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of agricultural green total factor productivity in the Yangtze River Economic Belt：considering data factor input FENG Dengkui 2026, 67 (6):  1556-1562.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250199 Abstract ( 30 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (952KB) ( 51 )   The development of data factor has injected new vitality into agricultural green development，promoted agricultural innovation，and facilitated the process of agricultural modernization. Based on panel data of 11 provinces（municipalities）in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2013 to 2022，this paper introduces data factor as a new input variable and adopts the input-oriented super-efficiency SBM-GML model to measure agricultural green total factor productivity（GTFP）and analyze its spatiotemporal evolution characteristics. The findings show that the agricultural GTFP in the Yangtze River Economic Belt grew at an average annual rate of 3.7%，with technological progress being the main driving factor，while regional heterogeneity in technical efficiency and scale efficiency is significant. Spatially，it presents a complex pattern characterized by “high technological level in the east and low in the west，scale expansion in the west and stagnation in the east，and efficiency depression in the central region”. Guizhou，Shanghai，and Chongqing ranked the top three，while Jiangxi was the only region with negative growth. The input of data factor has strengthened the role of technological progress in improving agricultural GTFP. This study provides empirical evidence for the coordinated development of agricultural green transformation and data factor in the Yangtze River Economic Belt，and offers policy implications for optimizing regional resource allocation and promoting the deep integration of data factor with agriculture. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Driving mechanisms and frontier trends of the transformation towards nutrition and health in the agricultural product preservation and processing industry JIA Li'e, WANG Baogang, XING Yonghai, ZHANG Wei 2026, 67 (6):  1563-1572.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250180 Abstract ( 28 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (562KB) ( 31 )   Driven by globalization and technological revolution，the agricultural product preservation and processing industry is undergoing a transformation toward a nutrition- and health-oriented model，emerging as a critical nexus bridging modern agriculture and the food economy. This study systematically investigates the frontier trends in the integration of this industry with the health sector and proposes an analytical framework of “technological system innovation-value chain upgrading-globalization layout” to elucidate the mechanisms by which technological evolution and consumption shifts propel industrial transformation. The study reveals that：in the technological dimension，an integrated innovation system centered on gene editing，intelligent equipment，and green processing is taking shape；in the value dimension，a trend toward health-focused，green，and high-value upgrading is observed；in the global dimension，competitiveness is being enhanced through supply chain restructuring and market integration. By synthesizing global innovation paradigms and market demand evolution patterns，this study provides theoretical insights for industrial policy formulation and corporate technological strategy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in germplasm resources and breeding of orchid JIANG Zhihan, YAO Jia, GU Xinyue, SUN Chongbo, XU Pei, KE Xubo 2026, 67 (6):  1573-1580.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250188 Abstract ( 26 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (518KB) ( 50 )   Orchids（Cymbidium spp.），as flowers with rich cultural significance and multifaceted value，are widely distributed globally. Their breeding research holds substantial importance in ornamental，economic，and medicinal fields. This paper reviewed the biological characteristics of orchids，the diversity and distribution of germplasm resources，traditional breeding methods，and the application of modern biotechnology in orchid breeding，while exploring innovative strategies for orchid breeding. By delving into the molecular genetic mechanism of floral morphology，color，and fragrance of orchids，this study revealed its genetic and breeding potential，provided insights into the future of breeding and development of orchids，and emphasized the use of intelligent and precision-based breeding systems alongside eco-friendly principles to drive the sustainable development of the global flower market. References | Related Articles | Metrics