Study on the optimization of maize cultivation technology with density⁃fertilizer coupling in Karst regions

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20260078

Abstract

Abstract:

To clarify the comprehensive regulatory effects of planting density，combined with chemical and organic fertilizer application on maize yield in Karst regions，and to explore a green and high-yield approach for partial chemical fertilizer substitution by organic fertilizer，a field experiment was conducted in Mashan County，Guangxi，in 2025 using a five-factor quadratic orthogonal rotation design. The experimental factors included planting density（X?），chemical nutrients application rates（N：X?，P?O?：X?，K?O：X?）and organic fertilizer application rate（X?）.A regression model between maize yield and each factor was established. The main effects，single-factor effects and two-factor interaction effects were analyzed via the model，and the high-yield optimization scheme was obtained through optimization，followed by verification experiment and field demonstration. The results showed that the coefficient of determination （R2） of the established yield regression model was 0.890 4，indicating a good fit. The order of influence of each factor on yield was X₂>X₁>X₄>X₃>X₅. All single-factor effects presented parabolic changes，and the interaction effects between planting density and K₂O application rate，as well as between P₂O₅ application rate and K₂O application rate，were significant （p<0.05）. The optimized high-yield scheme for a yield exceeding 7 500 kg·hm^-2 was determined as follows：a planting density of 5.23×10⁴-5.35×10⁴ hm^-2，combined with the application of 242.6-258.0 kg·hm^-2 of N，85.5-105.8 kg·hm^-2 of P₂O₅，189.9-226.3 kg·hm^-2 of K₂O，and organic fertilizer（composted dry pig manure）at a rate of 3 848.6-4 776.4 kg·hm^-2. This model could reduce chemical fertilizer application by 6%-11%. The yields of the verification experiment and field demonstration reached 7 621.5 kg·hm^-2 and 7 543.6 kg·hm^-2， respectively，proving the feasibility of the scheme. This study identified the key regulatory factors and optimal configuration scheme for maize density-fertilizer coupling，achieving the synergistic goal of high yield and chemical fertilizer reduction. It provides reliable technical support for the large-scale green and high-yield cultivation of maize in Mashan County.

Key words: maize, density-fertilizer coupling, quadratic orthogonal rotation design, organic fertilizer substitution, yield

CLC Number:

S513

HUANG Li, HUANG Xiang, HUANG Yinan, JIAN Guifu, WEI Jiemei, LIN Shiliu, WEI Zhengmin. Study on the optimization of maize cultivation technology with density⁃fertilizer coupling in Karst regions[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(5): 1226-1234.

Figures/Tables 12

References 22

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水平	X₁/hm^-2	X₂/（kg·hm^-2）	X₃/（kg·hm^-2）	X₄/（kg·hm^-2）	X₅/（kg·hm^-2）
-2	4.35	135	0	0	0
-1	4.80	180	45	90	1 500
0	5.25	225	90	180	3 000
1	5.70	270	135	270	4 500
2	6.15	315	180	360	6 000
Δj	0.45	45	45	90	1 500

水平	X₁/hm^-2	X₂/（kg·hm^-2）	X₃/（kg·hm^-2）	X₄/（kg·hm^-2）	X₅/（kg·hm^-2）
-2	4.35	135	0	0	0
-1	4.80	180	45	90	1 500
0	5.25	225	90	180	3 000
1	5.70	270	135	270	4 500
2	6.15	315	180	360	6 000
Δj	0.45	45	45	90	1 500

项目	施肥时期	尿素/%	过磷酸钙/%	氯化钾/%	干猪粪/%
基肥	播种时	40	100	60	100
苗肥	5～6叶期	25	—	40	—
攻苞肥	大喇叭口期	35	—	—	—

项目	施肥时期	尿素/%	过磷酸钙/%	氯化钾/%	干猪粪/%
基肥	播种时	40	100	60	100
苗肥	5～6叶期	25	—	40	—
攻苞肥	大喇叭口期	35	—	—	—

处理	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	产量/（kg·hm^-2）	株高/cm	穗位高/cm	茎粗/mm	穗粒数	百粒重/g
1	1	1	1	1	1	6 973.1	264	113	19.95	435.1	30.9
2	1	1	1	-1	1	7 373.6	271	116	20.29	502.2	29.1
3	1	1	-1	1	-1	7 288.2	276	120	19.87	478.8	28.9
4	1	1	-1	-1	-1	7 005.9	279	120	19.12	462.0	29.7
5	1	-1	1	1	-1	6 612.0	262	112	20.91	435.2	28.5
6	1	-1	1	-1	-1	7 078.1	269	119	19.58	455.8	31.3
7	1	-1	-1	1	1	7 281.7	275	116	19.59	443.2	30.8
8	1	-1	-1	-1	1	6 900.9	256	115	20.32	438.6	29.3
9	-1	1	1	1	-1	7 314.5	265	115	21.03	511.7	30.6
10	-1	1	1	-1	-1	7 170.1	268	113	20.23	519.4	30.8
11	-1	1	-1	1	1	7 367.0	274	119	20.21	541.1	31.5
12	-1	1	-1	-1	1	6 756.4	265	113	20.56	509.0	28.5
13	-1	-1	1	1	1	6 953.4	273	120	21.32	500.6	31.7
14	-1	-1	1	-1	1	6 585.7	261	110	20.87	468.1	30.9
15	-1	-1	-1	1	-1	6 690.7	264	119	21.10	468.8	31.3
16	-1	-1	-1	-1	-1	6 034.1	254	108	20.01	454.8	29.8
17	-2	0	0	0	0	6 329.6	259	113	22.41	529.0	29.4
18	2	0	0	0	0	7 216.0	264	118	19.75	448.6	28.8
19	0	-2	0	0	0	6 250.8	261	113	20.30	446.9	30.8
20	0	2	0	0	0	7 531.2	273	118	20.78	512.6	30.0
21	0	0	-2	0	0	6 861.5	264	117	21.46	491.3	28.4
22	0	0	2	0	0	7 340.8	268	115	21.15	498.1	31.2
23	0	0	0	-2	0	6 907.4	258	108	21.49	489.6	30.2
24	0	0	0	2	0	7 091.3	274	117	20.90	466.5	30.9
25	0	0	0	0	-2	7 248.9	268	121	21.49	475.0	31.7
26	0	0	0	0	2	7 518.1	259	107	20.48	476.8	30.8
27	0	0	0	0	0	7 386.7	264	109	21.12	478.2	30.4
28	0	0	0	0	0	7 688.8	261	112	21.10	510.0	31.0
29	0	0	0	0	0	7 767.6	270	114	22.44	493.0	31.5
30	0	0	0	0	0	7 504.9	264	118	21.13	483.8	30.9
31	0	0	0	0	0	7 459.0	271	117	21.88	481.4	30.3
32	0	0	0	0	0	8 003.9	265	116	22.56	515.1	32.6
33	0	0	0	0	0	7 419.6	267	115	21.82	494.2	30.0
34	0	0	0	0	0	7 327.6	268	120	20.04	486.2	29.8
35	0	0	0	0	0	7 813.5	269	111	20.09	500.5	31.9
36	0	0	0	0	0	7 360.5	260	107	19.91	480.6	30.2