促兰科植物种子共生萌发机制及其产业化应用研究进展

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230904

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

兰科植物大多花色艳丽极具观赏性,有些常作为药用,因此,具有重要的社会、经济和药用价值。但其种子细小无胚乳,自然条件难以正常萌发生长,大多通过营养繁殖,或通过人工组培等技术实现快速繁育。不过在特殊情况下,部分兰科植物在自然条件下也可以实现种子繁殖,即在内生菌的共生帮助下种子可正常成苗。而在这过程中,内生菌为种子提供了营养、激素和增强植物对环境胁迫的抗性等作用;科学促进这种良好协作关系的建立,有利于快速、高效培育优质兰科植物种苗。因此,本文通过兰科植物与其内生菌互作方面的研究分析对其种子共生萌发机制进行综述,并以兰科植物天麻、白及和铁皮石斛为例,阐释共生萌发技术在产业化上的实际生产应用价值,实现兰科植物种质资源保护并促进其科学开发利用。

关键词: 内生菌, 兰科植物, 共生萌发, 产业化应用

Abstract:

Most Orchidaceae plants have bright and highly ornamental flowers, some of which are often used for medicinal purposes, and therefore have important social, economic, and medicinal value. However, its seeds are small and have no endosperm, so it is difficult to germinate and grow normally under natural conditions. Most of them are bred rapidly through vegetative reproduction or artificial tissue culture. However, in special circumstances, some orchid plants can also achieve seed reproduction under natural conditions, where the symbiosis of endophyte helps the seeds to grow normally. During this process, endophyte provide nutrients, hormones, and enhance the plant's resistance to environmental stress for the seeds, scientifically promote the establishment of such a good collaborative relationship, which is conducive to the rapid and efficient cultivation of high-quality Orchidaceae plant seedlings. Therefore, this article reviews the mechanism of seed symbiotic germination of Orchidaceae plants through research and analysis of their interactions with endophyte. Taking Orchidaceae plants such as Gastrodia elata Bl,Bletilla striata and Dendrobium officinale as examples, the practical production and application value of symbiotic germination technology in industrialization is explained, achieving the protection of Orchidaceae plant germplasm resources and promoting their scientific development and utilization.

Key words: endophyte, Orchidaceae plants, symbiotic germination, industrial application

中图分类号:

S682.31

叶岳宇, 黎晓梅, 陈曼, 王霞, 蒋福升, 张春椿, 陈海敏, 李石清. 促兰科植物种子共生萌发机制及其产业化应用研究进展[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(12): 2944-2953.

YE Yueyu, LI Xiaomei, CHEN Man, WANG Xia, JIANG Fusheng, ZHANG Chunchun, CHEN Haimin, LI Shiqing. Research progress in promoting symbiotic germination mechanism of Orchidaceae plant seeds and its industrial application[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(12): 2944-2953.

图/表 1

参考文献 76

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内生菌	促萌发内生细菌种属	兰科植物种属	文献
内生细菌	恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas putida	翅柱兰属Pterostylis vittata	[18]
	嗜麦芽黄单胞菌Xanthomonas maltophilia		[18]
	蜡样芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus		[20]
	戴氏菌属Dyella	蝴蝶兰Phalaenopsis amabilis	[23]
	鞘氨醇菌属Sphingomonas	杓唇石斛Dendrobium moschatum(Buch.-Ham.)Sw.	[21]
	分枝菌属Mycobacterium		[21]
	贝莱斯芽孢杆菌Bacillus velezensis	白及Bletilla striata	[21]
	芽孢杆菌属Bacillus megaterium	五唇兰Phalaenopsis pulcherrima (Lindl) J.J. Sm.	[24]
	芽孢杆菌属Bacillus mycoides
	芽孢杆菌属Bacillus cereus
	荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonas fluorescens	白及Bletilla striata	[25]
内生真菌	镰刀菌属Fusarium Link ex Fr.	铁皮石斛Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo	[26]
	木霉属Trichoderma	华石斛Dendrobium sinense	[26]
	紫箕小菇Mycena osmundicola J.E.Lange	天麻Gastrodia elata	[27]
	石斛小菇Mycena dendrobii L.Fan et S.X.Guo		[27]
	兰小菇Mycena orchidicola Fan et Guo		[27]
	兰小菇Mycena orchidicola Fan et Guo	报春石斛Dendrobium polyanthum Wall. ex Lindl.	[28]
		长苏石斛Dendrobium brymerianum Rchb. f.	[28]
		鼓槌石斛Dendrobium chrysotoxum	[28]
		密花石斛Dendrobium densiflorum Lindl.	[28]
	胶膜菌属Tulasnella	驴兰Diuris	[29]
		虾脊兰属Calanthe	[30]
		兜唇石斛Dendrobium aphyllum	[31]
		硬叶兰Cymbidium mannii	[32]
		树兰Epidnedium	[33]
		白及Bletilla striata	[34]
		羊耳蒜属Liparis lilifolia	[16]
		羊耳蒜属Liparis loeselii	[35]
		萼距兰属Disa bracteata	[36]
		飞鸟兰属Chiloglottis	[37]
		Cynorkis purpurea	[38]
		长药兰属Serapias parviflora	[39]
		珊瑚兰属Corallorhiza trifida	[40]
	角担菌属Ceratobasidium	羽柱鹦喙兰Gavilea australis	[41]
	蜡壳菌属Sebacina	鸟巢兰Neottia nidus-avis	[42]
		Cynorkis purpurea	[38]
		白及Bletilla striata	[34]
	小假鬼伞Coprinellus disseminatus	杜鹃兰Cremastra appendiculata	[43]
	毛霉属Mucor sp;	细茎石斛Dendrobium moniliforme(L.) Sw.	[17]
	镰孢菌属Fusarium		[17]
	轮枝孢菌属Verticilli		[17]
	瘤菌根菌属Epulorhiza sp.	小叶兜兰Paphiopedilum barbigerum (Orchidaceae)	[44]
		陆生兰花Habenaria macroceratitis	[45]
		龙头兰Pecteilis susannae (L.) Rafin	[45]
		紫苞舌兰Spathoglottis plicata	[46]
	丝核菌属Rhizoctonia globularis	紫苞舌兰Spathoglottis plicata	[46]
	蜡壳菌属Serendipita sp.	白及Bletilla striata	[34]
		大蜘蛛兰Caladenia huegelii	[47]

内生菌	促萌发内生细菌种属	兰科植物种属	文献
内生细菌	恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas putida	翅柱兰属Pterostylis vittata	[18]
	嗜麦芽黄单胞菌Xanthomonas maltophilia		[18]
	蜡样芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus		[20]
	戴氏菌属Dyella	蝴蝶兰Phalaenopsis amabilis	[23]
	鞘氨醇菌属Sphingomonas	杓唇石斛Dendrobium moschatum(Buch.-Ham.)Sw.	[21]
	分枝菌属Mycobacterium		[21]
	贝莱斯芽孢杆菌Bacillus velezensis	白及Bletilla striata	[21]
	芽孢杆菌属Bacillus megaterium	五唇兰Phalaenopsis pulcherrima (Lindl) J.J. Sm.	[24]
	芽孢杆菌属Bacillus mycoides
	芽孢杆菌属Bacillus cereus
	荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonas fluorescens	白及Bletilla striata	[25]
内生真菌	镰刀菌属Fusarium Link ex Fr.	铁皮石斛Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo	[26]
	木霉属Trichoderma	华石斛Dendrobium sinense	[26]
	紫箕小菇Mycena osmundicola J.E.Lange	天麻Gastrodia elata	[27]
	石斛小菇Mycena dendrobii L.Fan et S.X.Guo		[27]
	兰小菇Mycena orchidicola Fan et Guo		[27]
	兰小菇Mycena orchidicola Fan et Guo	报春石斛Dendrobium polyanthum Wall. ex Lindl.	[28]
		长苏石斛Dendrobium brymerianum Rchb. f.	[28]
		鼓槌石斛Dendrobium chrysotoxum	[28]
		密花石斛Dendrobium densiflorum Lindl.	[28]
	胶膜菌属Tulasnella	驴兰Diuris	[29]
		虾脊兰属Calanthe	[30]
		兜唇石斛Dendrobium aphyllum	[31]
		硬叶兰Cymbidium mannii	[32]
		树兰Epidnedium	[33]
		白及Bletilla striata	[34]
		羊耳蒜属Liparis lilifolia	[16]
		羊耳蒜属Liparis loeselii	[35]
		萼距兰属Disa bracteata	[36]
		飞鸟兰属Chiloglottis	[37]
		Cynorkis purpurea	[38]
		长药兰属Serapias parviflora	[39]
		珊瑚兰属Corallorhiza trifida	[40]
	角担菌属Ceratobasidium	羽柱鹦喙兰Gavilea australis	[41]
	蜡壳菌属Sebacina	鸟巢兰Neottia nidus-avis	[42]
		Cynorkis purpurea	[38]
		白及Bletilla striata	[34]
	小假鬼伞Coprinellus disseminatus	杜鹃兰Cremastra appendiculata	[43]
	毛霉属Mucor sp;	细茎石斛Dendrobium moniliforme(L.) Sw.	[17]
	镰孢菌属Fusarium		[17]
	轮枝孢菌属Verticilli		[17]
	瘤菌根菌属Epulorhiza sp.	小叶兜兰Paphiopedilum barbigerum (Orchidaceae)	[44]
		陆生兰花Habenaria macroceratitis	[45]
		龙头兰Pecteilis susannae (L.) Rafin	[45]
		紫苞舌兰Spathoglottis plicata	[46]
	丝核菌属Rhizoctonia globularis	紫苞舌兰Spathoglottis plicata	[46]
	蜡壳菌属Serendipita sp.	白及Bletilla striata	[34]
		大蜘蛛兰Caladenia huegelii	[47]