外源水杨酸对镉胁迫下三色堇光合与生理特性的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240044

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

文章探究了镉胁迫及外源水杨酸对三色堇光合作用与生理特性的影响,为合理施用水杨酸、缓解镉毒害提供依据。将三色堇盆栽于Cd胁迫(200 mg·kg^-1)基质中,并向叶面喷施0(SA0)、50(SA1)、100(SA2)、200(SA3)、500(SA4)μmol·L^-1水杨酸,探究其对三色堇生长、光合作用、渗透调节物质及酶促保护系统的影响。结果表明,200 mg·kg^-1的Cd可导致丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高,显著抑制了三色堇的营养生长和生殖生长,并显著抑制了光合作用;施用适量的水杨酸(100~200 μmol·L^-1)可降低MDA含量,提高Cd胁迫下三色堇的株高、茎粗、叶面积、叶片数和开花数以及干重、鲜重和含水率;净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、蒸腾速率(T_r)显著提高;施用适量的水杨酸(100~200 μmol·L^-1)还可提高脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖的含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性,但若水杨酸浓度达到500 μmol·L^-1,效果反而不如浓度更低时, 说明适量的水杨酸(100~200 μmol·L^-1)可显著缓解三色堇Cd毒害,综合各指标,200 μmol·L^-1是最佳的施用浓度。

关键词: 三色堇, 水杨酸, 镉胁迫, 光合参数

Abstract:

This article explored the effects of cadmium stress and exogenous salicylic acid on the photosynthesis and physiological characteristics of Viola tricolor L., providing a basis for rational application of salicylic acid and alleviating cadmium toxicity. Viola tricolor L. was planted under Cd stress (200 mg·kg^-1), and spray 0 (SA0) and 50 (SA1), 100 (SA2), 200 (SA3), 500 (SA4) μmol·L^-1 salicylic acid on the leaves, to explore its effects on the growth, photosynthesis, osmoregulation substances and enzymatic protection system of Viola tricolor L. The results showed that 200 mg·kg^-1 of Cd can lead to a significant increase in MDA, significantly inhibit the vegetative growth, reproductive growth and photosynthesis of Viola tricolor L.; The application of an appropriate amount of salicylic acid (100-200 μmol·L^-1) can reduce the content of MDA and increase the plant length, stem diameter, leaf area, number of leaves and flowers, dry weight, fresh weight and water content of Viola tricolor L. under Cd stress; The net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), transpiration rate (T_r) were increased; The application of an appropriate amount of salicylic acid (100-200 μmol·L^-1) can also increase the content of proline, soluble protein, soluble sugar and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), but if the concentration reaches 500 μmol·L^-1, the effect is not as good as when the concentration is lower, indicating that an appropriate amount of salicylic acid (100-200 μmol·L^-1) can significantly alleviate the Cd toxicity of Viola tricolor L., and 200 μmol·L^-1 is the best application concentration based on all indicators.

Key words: Viola tricolor L., salicylic acid, cadmium stress, photosynthetic parameters

中图分类号:

S682

巩宏杰, 嵇康轩, 李竹, 王波. 外源水杨酸对镉胁迫下三色堇光合与生理特性的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(6): 1416-1423.

GONG Hongjie, JI Kangxuan, LI Zhu, WANG Bo. Effect of exogenous salicylic acid on the photosynthetic and physiological characteristics of Viola tricolor L. under cadmium stress[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(6): 1416-1423.

图/表 8

表1 试验处理的设置

Table 1 Settings of experimental treatment

处理	Cd浓度/(mg·kg^-1)	SA浓度/(μmol·L^-1)
CK	0	0
SA0	200	0
SA1	200	50
SA2	200	100
SA3	200	200
SA4	200	500

图1 水杨酸对镉胁迫下三色堇生物量的影响同颜色柱上无相同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05),图2~6同。

Fig.1 Effect of salicylic acid on the biomass of Viola tricolor L. under cadmium stress

表2 水杨酸对镉胁迫下三色堇生长指标的影响

Table 2 Effects of salicylic acid on growth indexes of Viola tricolor L. under cadmium stress

处理	株高/cm	茎粗/mm	叶面积/cm²	叶片数	开花数
CK	10.10±1.07 a	2.70±0.37 a	9.89±1.59 a	15.90±2.47 a	4.70±1.58 a
SA0	6.33±0.61 d	1.37±0.26 d	5.88±1.44 c	10.44±3.05 c	1.33±1.00 c
SA1	7.06±0.56 c	1.50±0.22 d	7.44±0.96 b	10.56±3.05 bc	1.44±0.88 c
SA2	7.32±0.53 bc	1.98±0.24 c	8.14±1.13 b	11.22±1.99 bc	2.44±1.13 b
SA3	7.83±0.48 b	2.19±0.21 b	8.42±1.05 b	13.22±1.86 b	2.78±0.97 b
SA4	7.19±0.55 c	1.83±0.22 c	6.56±1.00 c	11.11±1.76 bc	2.00±0.87 b

图2 水杨酸对镉胁迫下三色堇SPAD值含量的影响

Fig.2 Effect of salicylic acid on the SPAD value of Viola tricolor L. under cadmium stress

图3 水杨酸对镉胁迫下三色堇光合参数的影响

Fig.3 Effect of salicylic acid on photosynthetic parameters of Viola tricolor L. under cadmium stress

图4 水杨酸对镉胁迫下三色堇MDA含量的影响

Fig.4 Effect of salicylic acid on MDA content of Viola tricolor L. under cadmium stress

图5 水杨酸对镉胁迫下三色堇渗透调节物质含量的影响

Fig.5 Effect of salicylic acid on osmoregulation substances content of Viola tricolor L. under cadmium stress

图6 水杨酸对镉胁迫下三色堇酶促保护系统活性的影响

Fig.6 Effect of salicylic acid on enzymatic protection system of Viola tricolor L. under cadmium stress

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