浙江农业科学

浙江农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 66 ›› Issue (12): 2894-2900.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250635

• 经济作物 • 上一篇    下一篇

影响鲜食大豆机械化采摘效果的关键性状鉴定

竹龙鸣1(), 邓平2, 杨清华1, 傅旭军1, 刘贝2, 袁凤杰1,2,*()   

  1. 1.浙江省农业科学院 作物与核技术利用研究所,浙江 杭州 310021
    2.湘湖实验室,浙江 杭州 311231
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-03 出版日期:2025-12-11 发布日期:2025-12-17
  • 通讯作者: 袁凤杰(1971—),女,山东平阴人,研究员,博士,从事大豆遗传与分子育种,E-mail: fjyuanhz@126.com
  • 作者简介:竹龙鸣(1988—),男,浙江嵊州人,助理研究员,博士,从事鲜食大豆基因发掘和育种工作,E-mail: zhulm@zaas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    科技创新2025重大专项宁波市重大科技任务攻关项目(2022Z180)

Identification of key traits affecting mechanized harvesting effect of vegetable soybeans

ZHU Longming1(), DENG Ping2, YANG Qinghua1, FU Xujun1, LIU Bei2, YUAN Fengjie1,2,*()   

  1. 1. Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang
    2. Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang
  • Received:2025-09-03 Online:2025-12-11 Published:2025-12-17

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摘要：

品种性状会影响鲜食大豆的机械化采摘效果,但影响采摘效果的关键性状尚不明确。本研究测定了20个鲜食大豆品种/品系的农艺性状(生育期、株高、底荚高度等)和采收效果指标(留秆率、抛撒率、破损率、拉丝率等),并进行了皮尔逊相关分析。结果表明,影响鲜食大豆机械化采摘效果的主要性状有底荚高度、结荚分布、豆荚成熟度、豆荚长度等。基于以上结果,结合生产经验推测,豆荚荚皮韧性、豆荚着生牢固度和豆荚边缘筋丝韧性同样是影响机械化采摘效果的重要性状。因此,宜机收鲜食大豆育种中需注意以上性状并对其加以改良。本研究明确了宜机收鲜食大豆品种的育种方向,能够使育种工作更具针对性并加快育种进程,对鲜食大豆产业的持续发展具有重要意义。

关键词: 鲜食大豆, 机械化采收, 底荚高度, 结荚分布, 豆荚成熟度

Abstract:

Variety traits can affect the mechanized harvesting effect of vegetable peel soybeans, but the key traits causing the impact remain unclear. This study determined the agronomic traits (growth period, plant height, bottom pod height, etc.) and harvesting effect indicators (stem retention rate, scattering rate, damage rate, wire drawing rate, etc.) of 20 vegetable peel soybean varieties/strains, and conducted Pearson correlation analysis. The results showed that the main traits affecting the mechanized harvesting effect of vegetable peel soybeans include bottom pod height, pod distribution, pod maturity, and pod length etc. Based on the above results and combined with production experience, it was speculated that the toughness of pod vegetable peel, the firmness of pod attachment, and the toughness of pod edge fibers were also important traits affecting mechanized harvesting effect. Therefore, it was necessary to pay attention to the above traits and improve them in the breeding of vegetable soybean for mechanized harvesting. This study clarified the breeding direction of vegetable peel soybean varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting, which could make breeding work more targeted and accelerate the breeding process, and was of great significance for the sustainable development of the vegetable soybean industry.

Key words: vegetable soybean, mechanized harvesting, bottom pod height, pod distribution, pod maturity

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