不同辅料对海鲜菇菌渣堆肥效果的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250650

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同辅料对海鲜菇菌渣高温有氧堆肥效果的影响，本研究以海鲜菇菌渣为主要原料，分别添加油茶粕、油茶壳、尿素等辅料，探究高温好氧堆肥过程中温度、pH值、电导率、全氮含量、碳氮比、种子发芽指数等理化指标的动态变化。结果表明：所有处理均经历升温、高温、降温及腐熟阶段，高温（>55 ℃）持续时间≥10 d，符合安全卫生要求；堆肥结束时，各处理pH值为7.4～7.8，电导率为0.82～1.04 mS·cm^-1，总养分含量为6.67%～6.92%，碳氮比降至20以下，种子发芽指数大于110%，均符合NY/T 525—2021《有机肥料》标准。其中，纯海鲜菇菌渣组高温持续时间（45 d）最长，总养分含量最高（6.92%），堆肥效果较优。本研究为菌渣堆肥提供了理论依据和实践参考，有助于推动菌渣的资源化利用。

关键词: 海鲜菇菌渣, 辅料, 碳氮比, 好氧堆肥, 堆肥效果

Abstract:

To explore the effects of different additives on the high-temperature aerobic composting of Hypsizygus marmoreus residue，this study used Hypsizygus marmoreus residue as the main raw material，with the addition of tea seed meal，tea seed shell，urea and other additives respectively. The dynamic changes of physicochemical indicators such as temperature，pH value，electrical conductivity，total nitrogen content，carbon/nitrogen ratio，and seed germination index during the high-temperature aerobic composting process were investigated. The results showed that all treatments went through the stages of temperature rise，high temperature，temperature drop，and maturity. The duration of high temperature（>55 ℃）was ≥ 10 days for all treatments，which met the safety and hygiene requirements. At the end of composting，the pH value of each treatment ranged from 7.4 to 7.8，the electrical conductivity value was 0.82-1.04 mS·cm^-1，the total nutrient content was 6.67%-6.92%，the carbon/nitrogen ratio dropped below 20，and the seed germination index was greater than 110%，all complying with the standards of Chinese agricultural standard NY/T 525-2021 Organic Fertilizer. Among them，the pure Hypsizygus marmoreus residue group had the longest high-temperature duration（45 days）and the highest total nutrient content（6.92%），showing better composting effect.This study provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for the composting of mushroom residue，which is conducive to promoting the resource utilization of mushroom residue.

Key words: Hypsizygus marmoreus residue, additive, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, aerobic composting, composting efficiency

中图分类号:

S141.4

夏俊勇, 叶旭英, 张盛剿, 方正, 孙邦建, 徐玉华, 张金萍. 不同辅料对海鲜菇菌渣堆肥效果的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2026, 67(8): 2026-2031.

XIA Junyong, YE Xuying, ZHANG Shengchao, FANG Zheng, SUN Bangjian, XU Yuhua, ZHANG Jinping. Effects of different additives on the composting performance of Hypsizygus marmoreus residue[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(8): 2026-2031.

图/表 10

表1 堆肥原料的基本理化性质

Table 1 Basic physicochemical properties of the composting raw materials

原料	全碳含量/%	全氮含量/%	全磷含量/%	全钾含量/%	有机质含量/%	碳氮比	皂素含量/%
海鲜菇菌渣	35.21	1.16	0.57	1.14	60.70	30.35	—
油茶壳	48.60	0.42	0.02	0.93	83.78	115.70	4.8
油茶粕	47.80	1.22	0.16	0.93	82.41	39.18	18.0
尿素	20.00	46.67	0	0	0	0.43	0

图1 不同处理堆肥期间温度变化

Fig.1 Temperature dynamics during composting under different treatments

图2 不同处理堆肥期间pH值变化

Fig.2 Changes in pH value during composting under different treatments

图3 不同处理堆肥期间电导率的变化

Fig.3 Changes in electrical conductivity during composting under different treatments

图4 不同处理堆肥期间全氮含量的变化

Fig.4 Changes in total nitrogen content during composting under different treatments

图5 不同处理堆肥期间硝态氮和铵态氮含量的变化实线为硝态氮含量，虚线为铵态氮含量。

Fig.5 Changes in nitrate and ammonium nitrogen content during composting under different treatments

图6 不同堆肥处理期间总养分含量的变化

Fig.6 Changes in total nutrient content during composting under different treatments

图7 不同处理堆肥期间碳氮比的变化

Fig.7 Changes in carbon/nitrogen ratio during composting under different treatments

图8 不同堆肥处理的种子发芽指数变化

Fig.8 Changes in seed germination index during different composting treatments

表2 海鲜菇菌渣堆肥前后技术指标

Table 3 Technical indicators of Hypsizygus marmoreus residue before and after composting

堆肥前后	处理	有机质含量（以烘干基计）/%	总养分含量（以烘干基计）/%	水分含量/%	pH值	种子发芽指数/%
堆肥前	A1	60.7	3.83	60	6.91	55.25
	A2	60.34	3.77	60	6.91	52.35
	A3	63.61	3.53	60	6.87	60.56
	A4	60.34	3.91	60	7.01	55.68
堆肥后	A1	51.72	6.92	28	7.49	112.12
	A2	54.31	6.69	28	7.46	115.08
	A3	53.44	6.73	28	7.41	118.08
	A4	50.00	6.67	28	7.88	110.12
有机肥料技术指标要求		≥30	≥4.0	≤30	5.5～8.5	≥70

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