浙江农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (10): 2598-2604.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20260609

• 综述 • 上一篇    

基因复制驱动植物特化代谢多样性形成的机制

李正亚(), 王雅哲, 吴琦, 刘传皓, 李晓岩, 王宇()   

  1. 东北林业大学 生命科学学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150040
  • 收稿日期:2026-08-04 出版日期:2026-10-11 发布日期:2026-10-19
  • 通讯作者: 王宇
  • 作者简介:王宇,E-mail:wangyu@nefu.edu.cn。
    李正亚,研究方向为植物次生代谢合成与调控。E-mail:akakak999@hotmail.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(U21A20243);国家自然科学基金(32271823)

Mechanisms of gene duplication-driven formation of plant specialized metabolic diversity

LI Zhengya(), WANG Yazhe, WU Qi, LIU Chuanhao, LI Xiaoyan, WANG Yu()   

  1. College of Life Science,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,Heilongjiang
  • Received:2026-08-04 Online:2026-10-11 Published:2026-10-19
  • Contact: WANG Yu

摘要:

植物特化代谢物具有高度丰富的结构类型和显著的谱系特异性,广泛参与植物防御、环境适应及种间互作,同时也是药物、食品和天然产物开发的重要资源。基因复制通过产生冗余遗传材料,为代谢酶突破原有功能约束并获得新催化活性提供了重要基础,是植物特化代谢多样性形成的核心驱动力之一。不同复制模式在复制尺度、基因组位置及选择约束方面存在差异,可分别促进代谢网络的整体保留、酶基因家族的快速扩张及表达调控环境的改变。复制基因产生后,可经历基因丢失、假基因化、剂量保留、亚功能化和新功能化等不同命运,并通过调节代谢通量、改变底物与产物特异性、重塑表达和亚细胞定位以及促进代谢支路与生物合成基因簇形成,增加特化代谢物在含量、结构和时空分布上的多样性。本综述系统阐述了植物基因复制的主要模式及其代谢演化特征,梳理了重复基因的保留与功能分化机制,重点总结了基因复制驱动代谢骨架创新、结构修饰多样化和新代谢途径形成的代表性研究进展,并对祖先酶重构、泛基因组分析及合成生物学应用等发展方向进行了展望,以期为解析植物化学多样性的进化基础及特化代谢资源的开发利用提供理论参考。

关键词: 基因复制, 植物特化代谢, 新功能化, 酶功能分化, 生物合成基因簇, 代谢进化

Abstract:

Plant specialized metabolites exhibit remarkable structural diversity and pronounced lineage specificity. These compounds play important roles in plant defense,environmental adaptation,and interspecific interactions,and also represent valuable resources for the development of pharmaceuticals,foods,and natural products. By generating redundant genetic material,gene duplication enables metabolic enzymes to escape ancestral functional constraints and acquire novel catalytic activities,thereby serving as a major driving force in the diversification of plant specialized metabolism. Different modes of gene duplication vary in genomic scale,chromosomal location,and selective constraints,and consequently contribute differently to the coordinated retention of metabolic networks,the rapid expansion of enzyme families,and the remodeling of regulatory environments. Following duplication,gene copies may undergo loss,pseudogenization,dosage retention,subfunctionalization,or neofunctionalization. Through these evolutionary fates,duplicated genes promote metabolic diversity by altering pathway flux,modifying substrate and product specificity,reshaping expression patterns and subcellular localization,and facilitating the emergence of new metabolic branches and biosynthetic gene clusters. This review summarizes the major modes of gene duplication in plants and their evolutionary consequences for specialized metabolism,outlines the mechanisms underlying the retention and functional divergence of duplicated genes,and highlights representative advances in which gene duplication has driven the innovation of metabolic scaffolds,diversification of structural modifications,and emergence of new biosynthetic pathways. Future directions,including ancestral enzyme reconstruction,pan-genome analysis,and synthetic biology applications,are also discussed. This review provides a conceptual framework for understanding the evolutionary basis of plant chemical diversity and for facilitating the discovery and utilization of specialized metabolic resources.

Key words: gene duplication, plant specialized metabolism, neofunctionalization, enzyme functional divergence, biosynthetic gene cluster, metabolic evolution

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