有机肥部分替代化肥对玉米产量和氮素利用率的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230716

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确浙南地区黄红壤土玉米有机肥替代化肥方案,进行有机肥替代化肥对玉米产量及氮素利用率的影响试验。田间试验分别设置不施肥处理(CK)、氮磷钾肥处理(NPK)、磷钾肥处理(PK)、15%基施有机肥等氮替代化肥处理(T15)、30%基施有机肥等氮替代化肥(T30)处理。结果表明:与NPK处理相比,T30处理的秸秆产量降低17.11%,T15和T30处理的籽粒氮含量分别降低16.73%和17.83%,T15和T30处理的籽粒吸氮量分别降低15.00%和20.30%,T30处理的秸秆吸氮量降低31.75%,T15和T30处理的氮素内部利用率分别提高23.10%和28.61%,T30处理的土壤铵态氮含量降低24.61%。本研究表明,有机肥氮替代15%~30%化肥氮可保持玉米不减产,提高土壤肥力和氮素利用率,减少化肥施用量,适宜在浙南玉米生产中推广应用。

关键词: 有机肥替代化肥, 玉米产量, 氮素利用率

Abstract:

In order to clarify the substitution scheme of organic fertilizer for maize in yellow and red loam soil in southern Zhejiang, the effect of chemical fertilizer substitution with fertilizer on maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency was tested. In the field experiments, no fertilization treatment (CK), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer treatment (NPK), phosphorus and potassium fertilizer treatment (PK), nitrogen substitution chemical fertilizer 15% basal organic fertilizer treatment (T15), and nitrogen substitution chemical fertilizer with 30% basal organic fertilizer treatment (T30) were set up. The results showed that compared with NPK treatment, the straw yield of T30 treatment was reduced by 17.11%, T15 and T30 treatments decreased the nitrogen content of grains, by 16.73% and 17.83%, respectively, and the nitrogen uptake of grains in T15 and T30 treatments decreased by 15.00% and 20.30%, respectively. The nitrogen uptake of straw treated with T30 was reduced by 31.75%, and the internal use efficiency of nitrogen in T15 and T30 treatments increased by 23. 10% and 28.61%, T30 reduced the content of ammonium nitrogen in soil by 24.61%。 This study showed that the replacement of 15%-30% chemical fertilizer nitrogen with organic fertilizer nitrogen could maintain maize yield, improve soil fertility and nitrogen use efficiency, and reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer, which was suitable for popularization and application in maize production in southern Zhejiang.

Key words: substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer, maize yield, nitrogen use efficiency

中图分类号:

S513

谢小聪, 郑晓康, 徐欣欣, 李小丽, 施黎云, 包日在. 有机肥部分替代化肥对玉米产量和氮素利用率的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(3): 541-544.

XIE Xiaocong, ZHENG Xiaokang, XU Xinxin, LI Xiaoli, SHI Liyun, BAO Rizai. Effect of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of maize[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(3): 541-544.

图/表 4

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处理	籽粒产量/ (kg·hm^-2)	秸秆产量/ (kg·hm^-2)	收获指数
CK	3 553.33 c	3 515.67 d	0.503 3 a
NPK	8 048.67 a	9 198.33 a	0.467 0 b
PK	4 827.00 b	4 707.67 c	0.506 7 a
T15	8 206.33 a	8 331.00 ab	0.496 0 ab
T30	7 811.00 a	7 624.33 b	0.507 0 a

处理	籽粒产量/ (kg·hm^-2)	秸秆产量/ (kg·hm^-2)	收获指数
CK	3 553.33 c	3 515.67 d	0.503 3 a
NPK	8 048.67 a	9 198.33 a	0.467 0 b
PK	4 827.00 b	4 707.67 c	0.506 7 a
T15	8 206.33 a	8 331.00 ab	0.496 0 ab
T30	7 811.00 a	7 624.33 b	0.507 0 a

处理	氮含量/(g·kg^-1)		吸氮量/(kg·hm^-2)
处理	籽粒	秸秆	籽粒	秸秆	地上部吸氮量
CK	9.94 c	4.36 b	35.33 d	15.43 c	50.77 d
NPK	15.48 a	7.44 a	124.47 a	68.53 a	192.97 a
PK	11.35 bc	5.83 ab	54.77 c	27.43 c	82.20 c
T15	12.89 b	6.92 a	105.80 b	57.87 ab	163.67 b
T30	12.72 b	6.10 ab	99.20 b	46.77 b	146.00 b

处理	氮含量/(g·kg^-1)		吸氮量/(kg·hm^-2)
处理	籽粒	秸秆	籽粒	秸秆	地上部吸氮量
CK	9.94 c	4.36 b	35.33 d	15.43 c	50.77 d
NPK	15.48 a	7.44 a	124.47 a	68.53 a	192.97 a
PK	11.35 bc	5.83 ab	54.77 c	27.43 c	82.20 c
T15	12.89 b	6.92 a	105.80 b	57.87 ab	163.67 b
T30	12.72 b	6.10 ab	99.20 b	46.77 b	146.00 b

处理	氮素内部利用率/ (kg·kg^-1)	氮肥偏生产力/ (kg·kg^-1)
CK	70.30 a
NPK	41.73 c	22.37 a
PK	58.83 b	13.40 b
T15	51.37 b	22.80 a
T30	53.67 b	21.70 a