浙江农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (4): 884-892.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240811

• 经济作物 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮磷钾配施对高粱-油菜轮作产量和养分吸收的影响

周艺凡1(), 李志琦2(), 蔡国学2, 李四光2, 彭清2, 赵敬坤3(), 王洁1,4, 石孝均1,4   

  1. 1.西南大学 资源环境学院,重庆 400716
    2.重庆市江津区农业技术推广中心,重庆 402260
    3.重庆市农业技术推广总站,重庆 400716
    4.国家紫色土肥力与肥料效益监测基地,重庆 400716
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-21 出版日期:2026-04-11 发布日期:2026-04-17
  • 通讯作者: 李志琦,赵敬坤
  • 作者简介:赵敬坤,E-mail:155100901@qq.com
    李志琦,E-mail:105347334@qq.com
    周艺凡,研究方向为资源利用与植物保护。E-mail:z17837109200@163.com

Combined application of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers on yield and nutrient uptake of sorghum-rape rotation

ZHOU Yifan1(), LI Zhiqi2(), CAI Guoxue2, LI Siguang2, PENG Qing2, ZHAO Jingkun3(), WANG Jie1,4, SHI Xiaojun1,4   

  1. 1.College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716
    2.Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Jiangjin District,Chongqing City,Chongqing 402260
    3.Agricultural Technology Extension Station in Chongqing City,Chongqing 400716
    4.National Monitoring Base for Purple Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency,Chongqing 400716
  • Received:2024-10-21 Online:2026-04-11 Published:2026-04-17
  • Contact: LI Zhiqi,ZHAO Jingkun

摘要:

为明确西南地区高粱-油菜轮作的需肥规律,实现作物增产增效和科学施肥,本研究连续2 a开展高粱-油菜轮作田间肥效试验,设置不施肥(CK)、不施氮肥(PK)、不施磷肥(NK)、不施钾肥(NP)和氮磷钾配施(NPK)5个处理,测定不同处理下作物产量、产量构成、干物质累积量和土壤理化性质,计算不同施肥模式下养分累积量和肥料利用率,解析不同处理对高粱-油菜轮作产量和养分吸收的影响。结果表明,不同施肥模式下高粱和油菜茎秆生物量和籽粒产量大小均表现为NPK>NP>NK>PK>CK。高粱不同施肥处理之间产量构成差异最大的是穗重。与CK相比,其他处理的高粱穗重显著(p<0.05)提高55.57%~378.72%。油菜不同施肥处理之间产量构成差异最大的是单株有效角果数。与CK相比,NK、PK、NPK处理的油菜单株有效角果数显著提高524.22%~632.81%。与其他处理相比,NPK处理显著提高了高粱和油菜地上部氮、磷和钾累积量,尤其以氮累积量升高最为显著。此外,NPK处理的高粱季和油菜季的肥料偏生产力、表观利用率和农学效率均为最高。与CK相比,NPK处理的土壤pH值显著降低,而有机质含量显著升高。综上,氮磷钾配施可以提高高粱和油菜的产量及其产量构成、养分吸收、肥料利用率以及土壤有机质含量,且可维持土壤速效养分在较高水平。本研究结果可为揭示西南地区高粱-油菜轮作模式下作物需肥规律和指导合理施肥提供科学依据。

关键词: 高粱-油菜轮作, 产量, 养分吸收, 肥料利用率, 土壤养分

Abstract:

To clarify the fertilizer requirements of sorghum-rape rotation in the southwest region,achieve crop yield increase and efficiency improvement,and scientific fertilization,this study conducted field fertilizer efficiency experiments on sorghum-rape rotation for two consecutive years. Five treatments were set up:no fertilization(CK),no nitrogen fertilizer(PK),no phosphorus fertilizer(NK),no potassium fertilizer(NP),and combined application of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium fertilizer(NPK). The crop yield,yield composition,dry matter accumulation,and soil physicochemical properties were measured under different treatments. The nutrient accumulation and utilization rate of fertilizer were calculated under different treatments,and the effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield and nutrient uptake of sorghum-rape rotation were analyzed. The results showed that under different fertilization treatments,the stem biomass and grain yield of sorghum and rape were the highest in the NPK treatment,followed by NP,NK,PK,and CK. The biggest difference in yield composition among different fertilizer treatments for sorghum was the panicle weight. Compared with CK,the panicle weight of sorghum in the other treatments was significantly (p<0.05) higher by 55.57% to 378.72%. For rape,the biggest difference in yield components among different fertilizer treatments was the number of effective siliques per plant. Compared with CK,the number of effective siliques per plant of rape in the treatments of NK,PK,NPK was significantly higher by 524.22% to 632.81%. Compared with other treatments,NPK treatment significantly increased the aboveground nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium accumulation in sorghum and rape,with nitrogen accumulation showing the most significant improvement. Furthermore,NPK treatment had the highest annual fertilizer partial productivity,apparent utilization efficiency,and agronomic efficiency for both sorghum and rape. Compared with CK,the soil pH value significantly decreased and the organic matter content significantly increased under NPK treatment. In conclusion,combined application of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can increase the yield and yield composition,nutrient uptake,utilization rate of fertilizer,and soil organic matter content of sorghum and rape. It can also maintain the availability of soil nutrients at a higher level. The results of this study can provide scientific basis for understanding the nutrient requirements and rational fertilization in the sorghum-rape rotation in the southwest region.

Key words: sorghum-rape rotation, yield, nutrient uptake, utilization rate of fertilizer, soil nutrient

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