干旱区棉花秸秆还田对土壤理化性质及棉花产量的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250131

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究基于2022—2024年的田间定位试验，探讨了秸秆还田对干旱区棉田土壤理化性质及棉花产量的影响。试验于2023年和2024年各设置秸秆还田和秸秆离田2个处理，分析了土壤容重、团聚体结构、养分含量及棉花产量的变化。结果表明，秸秆还田改善了土壤物理结构，增加了土壤团聚体稳定性，其中<0.053 mm的粉黏粒团聚体占比在2024年显著（p<0.05）增加18.08百分点。同时，秸秆还田（2024年）能够显著提高土壤全氮、全钾、有机质、碱解氮和速效磷含量。此外，秸秆还田处理下的棉花产量较秸秆离田处理显著提高10%～11%。结果表明，秸秆还田通过增加土壤有机质、改善土壤结构和提高养分有效性，增强了土壤的保水保肥能力，为棉花生长提供了良好的土壤环境。本研究为干旱区棉花种植的可持续发展提供了科学依据，同时也表明秸秆还田技术在改善土壤质量和提高作物产量方面具有应用价值。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 干旱区, 土壤理化性质, 棉花产量

Abstract:

In this study，based on field positioning experiments conducted from 2022 to 2024，we explored the effects of straw returning to the field on the physical and chemical properties of cotton field soil and cotton yield in arid areas. Two treatments，namely straw returning to the field and straw removing from the field，were set up in the experiment in 2023 and 2024，respectively. The changes in soil bulk density，aggregate structure，nutrient content and cotton yield were analyzed. The results showed that straw returning to the field improved the physical structure of the soil and increased the stability of soil aggregates. Among them，the proportion of silt and clay aggregates with particle size <0.053 mm increased significantly（p<0.05）by 18.08 percentage points in 2024. Meanwhile，straw returning to the field（2024）significantly increased the contents of total nitrogen，total potassium，organic matter，alkali-hydrolysis nitrogen，and available phosphorus in the soil. In addition，the yield of cotton under the treatment of straw returning to the field was significantly increased by 10% to 11% compared with that under the treatment of straw removing from the field. The study provided a scientific basis for the sustainable development of cotton cultivation in arid areas，and also indicated that the technology of straw returning to the field had application value in improving soil quality and increasing crop yield.

Key words: straw returning to the field, arid area, soil physical and chemical property, cotton yield

中图分类号:

S562

刘迎春, 钟东东, 沈超, 王晓燕, 李勇纲, 刘尚敏, 董合干. 干旱区棉花秸秆还田对土壤理化性质及棉花产量的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2026, 67(4): 1006-1011.

LIU Yingchun, ZHONG Dongdong, SHEN Chao, WANG Xiaoyan, LI Yonggang, LIU Shangmin, DONG Hegan. Effect of cotton straw returning to the field in arid areas on soil physical and chemical properties and cotton yield[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(4): 1006-1011.

图/表 5

图1 不同处理下棉田土壤的基本理化性质CK表示2022年土壤本底值（对照）；CF1和CF2分别表示2023年秸秆离田和秸秆还田处理；CS1和CS2分别表示2024年秸秆离田和秸秆还田处理；柱上无相同小写字母代表不同处理间差异显著（p<0.05），下同。

Fig.1 Basic physical and chemical properties of cotton field soil under different treatments

图2 不同处理下棉田土壤团聚体组分的占比

Fig.2 Proportion of soil aggregate components in cotton fields under different treatments

图3 不同处理下棉田土壤的全量养分含量

Fig.3 Total nutrients contents in cotton field soil under different treatments

图4 不同处理下棉田土壤的速效养分含量

Fig.4 Contents of available nutrients in cotton field soil under different treatments

图5 不同处理的棉花产量

Fig.5 Cotton yield under different treatments

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