餐厨有机肥对设施菜地土壤理化性质的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230779

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨餐厨有机肥对设施菜地土壤理化性质的影响,使用商品有机肥料为对照,开展了设施菜地餐厨有机肥的田间试验。结果显示,施用餐厨有机肥料可提高蔬菜产量5.3%~11.6%,增产效果和商品有机肥无显著差异。餐厨有机肥可提高设施菜地土壤有机质含量25.5%~31.8%、土壤速效氮含量8.6%~11.3%、土壤有效磷含量3.1%~12.6%、土壤速效钾含量6.5%~8.2%,但餐厨有机肥和商品有机肥处理间土壤有机质、速效氮、有效磷和速效钾含量均未出现显著差异;餐厨有机肥处理的菜地土壤可溶性总盐含量提高4.0%~5.8%,但餐厨有机肥和商品有机肥处理间无显著差异;餐厨有机肥可以提高土壤水稳性大团聚体(R_0.25)含量9.9~14.5百分点,餐厨有机肥和商品有机肥处理之间无显著差异。总的来看,餐厨有机肥料和普通商品有机肥的肥效基本类似;餐厨有机肥可提高设施菜地土壤有机质、速效养分和土壤水稳性大团聚体(R_0.25)含量,其效果和商品有机肥料基本相似;餐厨有机肥料可导致土壤可溶性总盐含量小幅上升,但上升幅度和商品有机肥料无明显差异。

关键词: 餐厨有机肥, 设施菜地, 土壤理化性质, 土壤水稳性团聚体

Abstract:

To investigate the effect of kitchen organic fertilizer on the physical and chemical properties of soil in protected vegetable fields, field experiments were conducted using commercial organic fertilizer as a control. The results showed that applying kitchen organic fertilizer could increase vegetable yield by 5.3%-11.6%, with no significant difference in yield increase compared with the commercial organic fertilizer. Kitchen organic fertilizer can increase the soil organic matter content of protected vegetable fields by 25.5%-31.8%, soil available N content by 8.6%-11.3%, soil available P content by 3.1%-12.6%, and soil available K content by 6.5%-8.2%. However, there was no significant difference between kitchen organic fertilizer and commercial organic fertilizer treatments. The total soluble salt content of vegetable soil treated with kitchen organic fertilizer increased by 4.0%-5.8%, but there was no significant difference between kitchen organic fertilizer and commercial organic fertilizer treatments. Kitchen organic fertilizer increased the content of soil water stable macroaggregates (R_0.25) by 9.9-14.5 percentage points, and there was no significant difference between kitchen organic fertilizer and commercial organic fertilizer treatments. Overall, the fertilizer efficiency of kitchen organic fertilizers was basically similar to that of ordinary commercial organic fertilizers. Kitchen organic fertilizer increased the content of organic matter, available nutrients, and water stable large aggregates (R_0.25) in the soil of protected vegetable fields, and its effect was basically similar to that of commercial organic fertilizers. Kitchen organic fertilizers caused a small increase in the total soluble salt content of the soil, but the increase was not significantly different from commercial organic fertilizers.

Key words: kitchen organic fertilizer, protected vegetable plot, soil physical and chemical properties, soil water stable aggregates

中图分类号:

徐四新, 严谨, 诸海焘, 蔡树美, 张德闪, 金海洋. 餐厨有机肥对设施菜地土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(1): 90-94.

XU Sixin, YAN Jin, ZHU Haitao, CAI Shumei, ZHANG Deshan, JIN Haiyang. Effect of kitchen organic fertilizer on the physical and chemical properties of soil in protected vegetable fields[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(1): 90-94.

图/表 9

表1 餐厨有机肥试验供试有机肥料养分含量

Table 1 Nutrient content of organic fertilizers tested in the kitchen organic fertilizer experiment

有机肥料	水分含量/ %	总氮(N)含量/ %	总磷(P₂O₅) 含量/%	总钾(K₂O) 含量/%	有机质含量/ %	pH值
餐厨有机肥	22.3	4.70	2.31	0.28	53.5	7.96
商品有机肥	18.6	2.28	3.46	2.30	52.8	7.46

表2 餐厨有机肥试验产量结果

Table 2 Production of different kitchen organic fertilizer treatments单位:kg·hm-2

处理	重复1	重复2	重复3	平均产量
T1	31 411.5	35 646.0	33 175.5	33 411.0 a
T2	32 116.5	36 352.5	36 705.0	35 058.0 a
T3	32 821.5	36 705.0	37 413.0	35 646.5 a
T4	36 352.5	35 647.5	33 526.5	35 175.5 a
T5	37 759.5	34 240.5	39 880.5	37 293.5 a

图1 餐厨有机肥试验土壤有机质含量结果同组柱上无相同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05),图2~6同。

Fig.1 Organic matter content of soil in kitchen organic fertilizer test

图2 餐厨有机肥试验土壤速效氮含量

Fig.2 Soil available N content in different kitchen organic fertilizer treatments

图3 餐厨有机肥试验土壤有效磷含量

Fig.3 Soil available P content in different kitchen organic fertilizer treatments

图4 餐厨有机肥试验土壤速效钾含量

Fig.4 Soil available K content of soil in different kitchen organic fertilizer treatments

图5 餐厨有机肥试验土壤可溶性总盐含量

Fig.5 Total soluble salt content of soil in different kitchen organic fertilizer treatments

表3 Content of water-soluble aggregates in the soil of different kitchen organic fertilizer treatments 单位:%

Table 3

处理	≥2 mm	1~<2 mm	500~1 000 μm	250~<500 μm	106~<250 μm	<106 μm
T1	5.79 b	5.62 a	8.09 a	14.66 a	15.92 b	49.92 a
T2	6.40 ab	4.63 a	8.12 a	15.47 a	19.88 a	45.50 ab
T3	8.18 a	4.78 a	8.37 a	15.57 a	16.54 b	46.57 ab
T4	7.40 ab	4.66 a	10.40 a	15.07 a	16.31 b	46.15 ab
T5	8.64 a	6.35 a	9.32 a	14.79 a	16.49 b	44.40 b

图6 餐厨有机肥试验土壤大团聚体(R0.25)含量

Fig.6 Soil macroaggregate (R0.25) content in different kitchen organic fertilizer treatments

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