浙江农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 66 ›› Issue (1): 179-183.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230939

• 蚕桑与特种养殖 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮磷比对南美白对虾养殖水体的影响

杨庆满1(), 邱晴1, 茅华华1, 付浩2, 皮雄娥2,*()   

  1. 1.绍兴市水产技术推广中心, 浙江 绍兴 312000
    2.浙江省农业科学院, 浙江 杭州 310021
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-18 出版日期:2025-01-11 发布日期:2025-01-14
  • 通讯作者: 皮雄娥(1977—),女,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为微生物制剂开发及应用,E-mail:pixionge@163.com
  • 作者简介:杨庆满(1973—),男,高级工程师,研究方向为水产养殖,E-mail:13205851638@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省农业农村厅“三农九方”农业科技协作计划“水产生态养殖技术精准开发与示范推广”(2022SNJF072);绍兴市基础公益类计划项目(2023A12006)

Effects of the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus on aquaculture water of Litopenaeus vannamei

YANG Qingman1(), QIU Qing1, MAO Huahua1, FU Hao2, PI Xionge2,*()   

  1. 1. Shaoxing Aquatic Technology Extension Center, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang
    2. Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang
  • Received:2023-09-18 Online:2025-01-11 Published:2025-01-14

摘要:

南美白对虾是世界养殖产量最高的三大对虾优良品种之一。但随着养殖密度的提高,饲料残饵、南美白对虾的排泄物等腐败、分解,使水中营养元素氮、磷等发生非正常变化,进而影响养殖水体水质,引起对虾发病、死亡。该实验通过观察对比3口南美白对虾养殖池塘中藻类、氮磷比、pH值、溶解氧含量(DO)、氨氮含量、亚硝酸盐含量的变化,分析探讨水色变化与藻类的关系以及氮磷比对水质的影响,为养殖生产提供理论支撑。南美白对虾养殖前期应适当施肥,养殖后期应适当添加光合细菌、芽孢杆菌、EM生物活性细菌等,科学投饵增氧,保持池塘良好水质。

关键词: 南美白对虾, 氮磷比, 藻类, pH值, 溶氧量, 氨氮, 亚硝酸盐

Abstract:

Litopenaeus vannamei is one of the three most highly produced prawn species globally. However, increasing breeding density has led to decay and decomposition of feed residues and excrement of Litopenaeus vannamei. This process results in abnormal fluctuations of nutrient elements within the water, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, thereby affects the water quality of aquaculture water, causing diseases and deaths of Litopenaeus vannamei. This experiment observed and compared the changes in algae, nitrogen phosphorus ratio, pH value, dissolved oxygen content (DO), ammonia nitrogen content, and nitrite content in three culture ponds of Litopenaeus vannamei, analyzed and explored the relationship between water color changes and algae, as well as the influence of nitrogen phosphorus ratio on water quality, which provided theoretical support for aquaculture production. In the early stage of Litopenaeus vannamei, appropriate fertilization should be applied, and in the later stage of farming, photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus, EM bioactive bacteria should be added appropriately. Scientific feeding and oxygenation should be carried out to maintain good water quality in the pond.

Key words: Litopenaeus vannamei, nitrogen phosphorus ratio, algae, pH value, dissolved oxygen content, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite

中图分类号: