园林绿化垃圾堆肥过程及微生物演替与氮素转化研究

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240902

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 堆肥是园林绿化垃圾资源化处置的有效方式。园林绿化垃圾来源多样,其性质具有较大差异,堆肥所需的条件也具有显著差异。本研究将园林绿化垃圾分为草屑类和树枝树叶类两类,分别进行堆肥,监测不同园林绿化垃圾堆肥过程中的温度、湿度、pH值、电导率(electrical conductivity,EC)和微生物群落演替,探索上海不同类型园林绿化垃圾堆肥的氮素转化。结果表明,草屑类和树枝树叶类堆肥的温度均在堆肥开始后迅速升高,草屑类堆肥在12 d时达到最高温度(69.7 ℃),树枝树叶类堆肥在5 d时达到最高温度(66.0 ℃)。草屑类和树枝树叶类堆肥的pH值在堆肥前期均呈降低趋势,之后呈上升趋势,两种堆肥pH值变化趋势的转折点均在14~20 d时。堆肥过程中EC均呈现出前期快速增加后期保持稳定的趋势,草屑类堆肥EC最大值为6.50 mS·cm^-1,树枝树叶类堆肥EC最大值为2.31 mS·cm^-1。进一步分析发现2种园林废弃物堆肥中含有大量与有机物降解相关的微生物,主要包括芽孢杆菌Bacilli、放线菌Actinobacteria,变形菌Gammaproteobacteria、拟杆菌Bacteroidia等。FAPROTAX功能预测分析表明,堆体中的氮循环代谢功能随堆肥进程的推进而逐渐增强,树枝树叶堆肥的氮素转化循环的功能代谢丰度增加更为明显。本研究从微生物代谢层面揭示了园林绿化废弃物的氮素转化途径,为园林绿化垃圾堆肥化处置提供了技术支撑。

关键词: 园林绿化垃圾, 微生物群落演替, 氮素循环

Abstract:

Composting is an effective way to recycle and dispose of landscaping waste resources. Landscaping waste comes from various sources with significant differences in their properties, and the conditions required for composting also vary significantly. This study divided landscaping waste into grass debris and tree branches and leaves, and composted them separately. Temperature, humidity, pH value, electrical conductivity(EC), and microbial community succession were monitored during the composting process of landscaping waste to explore the nitrogen transformation of different types of landscaping waste compost in Shanghai. The result showed that the temperature of compost containing grass debris and tree branches and leaves rapidly increased after the start of composting. The highest temperature of grass debris compost reached 69.7 ^oC on the 12th day, while the highest temperature of tree branches and leaves compost reached 66.0 ^oC on the 5th days. The pH value of compost containing grass debris and tree branches and leaves showed a decreasing trend in the early stage of composting, followed by an increasing trend. The turning point of the pH value change trend for both types of compost was between the 14th and 20th day. During the composting process, the EC showed a trend of rapid increase in the early stage and then remained stable. The maximum EC value of grass debris compost was 6.50 mS·cm^-1, and the maximum EC value of tree branch and leaf compost was 2.31 mS·cm^-1. Further analysis found that two types of landscaping waste compost contained a large number of microorganisms related to organic matter degradation, mainly including Bacillus subtilis, Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroides, etc. FAPROTAX functional prediction analysis showed that the nitrogen cycling metabolic function in the compost gradually increased with the progress of composting, and the functional metabolic abundance of nitrogen transformation cycle in tree branches and leaves compost increased more significantly. This study revealed the nitrogen transformation of landscaping waste from the perspective of microbial metabolism, providing technical support for the composting and disposal of landscaping waste.

Key words: landscaping waste, composting, microbial community succession, nitrogen cycling

中图分类号:

S147.2

沈辰磊. 园林绿化垃圾堆肥过程及微生物演替与氮素转化研究[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(4): 1036-1041.

SHEN Chenlei. Study on the composting process, microbial succession, and nitrogen transformation of landscaping waste[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(4): 1036-1041.

图/表 6

图1 堆肥技术流程

Fig.1 Composting technology process

图2 堆肥温度和湿度的动态变化

Fig.2 Dynamic changes in composting temperature and humidity

图3 堆肥pH值动态变化

Fig.3 Dynamic changes in composting pH value

图4 堆肥EC动态变化

Fig.4 Dynamic changes in composting EC

图5 草屑堆肥和树枝树叶堆肥细菌纲和科水平

Fig.5 Bacterial class and family level of grass debris compost and tree branch and leaf compost

图6 堆肥细菌群落功能分析

Fig.6 Functional analysis of composting bacterial community

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